因此，我希望在主要由拉丁字符组成的文本中包含一些阿拉伯字符。显然，这可以使用 arabtex 包来实现。
但是，它无法正确编译。我知道我有 unicode 支持，因为我能够渲染 IPA 字符和一些更晦涩的拉丁字符。
我直接复制了以下示例背页：
\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{utf8}
\setcode{utf8}
\begin{document}
Here is the word ``Arabic'' written in Arabic: \<اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ>. You can also use the command \verb|\RL{arabic text}| like this: \RL{اَلْعَرَبيَّةُ}.
\end{document}
它在在线编译器中进行编译，但是当我在 Linux 机器上通过 XeLaTeX 运行它时，它会进行编译，但不会呈现阿拉伯字符，而当通过 LuaLaTeX 运行时，它根本不会编译。
我不知道这里发生了什么事。
编辑：
LuaLaTeX 的一些编译错误
! String contains an invalid utf-8 sequence.
l.1299 \global\a@first = {
����ϕ}%
! String contains an invalid utf-8 sequence.
l.1300 \catcode `
� 1 11
XeLaTeX 的完整输出
xelatex test.tex
This is XeTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-0.999991 (TeX Live 2019/Debian) (preloaded format=xelatex)
restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./test.tex
LaTeX2e <2020-02-02> patch level 2
L3 programming layer <2020-02-14>
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2019/12/20 v1.4l Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/arabtex.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/aconfig.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/arabaux.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/acmd.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/afonts.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/afonts2.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/ascan.sty
(ArabTeX) scanner for code `arabtex' installed.
(ArabTeX) input encoding set to ArabTeX standard conventions.)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/aparse.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/awrite.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/xarbsymb.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/arabskel.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/xarbskel.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/aboxes.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/arabtoks.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/arabchrs.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/aligs.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/aoutput.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/abidir.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/atrans.sty
(ArabTeX) ZDMG transliteration.)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/alatex.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/afoot.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/abjad.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/apatch.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/alists.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/asect.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/atabg.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/alocal.sty
(ArabTeX) 3.11 local stub, 26.02.2006))
Arabic processor `ArabTeX' [20060702 patch level 3.11s (02.07.2006)]
(ArabTeX) ... now be patient ... )
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/utf8.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/utfcode.sty)
(ArabTeX) scanner for code UTF-8 installed.)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-xdvipdfmx.def)
(./test.aux) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/apatch.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/alocal.sty
(ArabTeX) 3.11 local stub, 26.02.2006)
(ArabTeX) version 3.11s (02.07.2006): second phase of patching)
(ArabTeX) input encoding set to UTF-8 conventions
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/arabtex/Uxnsh.fd) [1] (./test.aux)
*File List*
article.cls 2019/12/20 v1.4l Standard LaTeX document class
size10.clo 2019/12/20 v1.4l Standard LaTeX file (size option)
arabtex.sty 2003/08/22 3.11 ArabTeX main module
arabaux.sty 2003/05/21 3.11 auxiliary macros for ArabTeX
acmd.sty 2003/08/20 3.11 Arabic command processing
afonts.sty 1995/11/16 3.04 define Naskh font
afonts2.sty 1998/10/19 3.10 define Naskh fonts for LaTeX2e
ascan.sty 2003/08/22 3.11 standard ZDMG input encoding
aparse.sty 2003/05/26 3.11 get syllables
awrite.sty 2003/06/05 3.11 build output word
xarbsymb.sty 1998/07/15 3.07 symbolic output encoding
arabskel.sty 2000/06/04 3.10 character skeleton definitions
xarbskel.sty 1999/07/17 3.09 character skeleton definitions
aboxes.sty 2003/05/28 3.11 build output boxes
arabtoks.sty 1999/07/17 3.09 ArabTeX CS token definitions
arabchrs.sty 1998/07/11 3.07 letter token definitions
aligs.sty 2003/05/26 3.11 compute ligatures
aoutput.sty 2000/06/04 3.10 build output lines
abidir.sty 2003/08/22 3.11 bidirectional linebreaking
atrans.sty 2003/06/14 3.11 generate the transliteration
alatex.sty 2003/05/04 3.11 ArabTeX extensions for LaTeX
afoot.sty 2003/05/12 3.11 ArabTeX footnotes
abjad.sty 2003/04/26 3.11 abjad numerals
apatch.sty 2006/07/02 3.11s last minute patches
alists.sty 2003/04/26 3.11 inverted list macros
asect.sty 2003/04/26 3.11 section macros for Arabic
atabg.sty 1997/01/21 3.05 LaTeX tabbing macros for Arabic
utf8.sty 2000/06/13 3.10 UTF-8 input encoding
utfcode.sty 2002/03/07 3.10a Arabic+Hebrew segment of UTF-8
l3backend-xdvipdfmx.def 2020-02-03 L3 backend support: xdvipdfmx
ts1cmr.fd 2019/12/16 v2.5j Standard LaTeX font definitions
apatch.sty 2006/07/02 3.11s last minute patches
Uxnsh.fd
***********
)
(see the transcript file for additional information)
Output written on test.pdf (1 page).
Transcript written on test.log.
答案1
如果你只有几个单词，你不需要完整的 bidi 设置包支持，只需选择具有字符的字体即可。xelatex 然后给出
\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Noto Sans}
\newfontfamily\afont{Noto Sans Arabic}
\begin{document}
Here is the word ``Arabic'' written in Arabic: {\afont اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ}. You
can also use the command \verb|\RL{arabic text}| like this:
{\afont اَلْعَرَبيَّةُ}.
\end{document}