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如何使用 foreach 创建同义宏？

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如何使用 foreach 创建同义宏？

我需要许多宏的同义词，这些宏具有关键图号引用？如何使用 \foreach 标记作为 \newcommand 名称？我希望通过生成和使用宏 \hello、\hola 和 \bonjour（所有宏的下标均为 1）以及 \world、\mundo 和 \monde（所有宏的下标均为 2）将 ACTUAL 输出替换为 MOCKUP 输出，因为这些同义词都引用相同的图号。如果有更简单的方法，请说明。通过复制和编辑将它们全部拼写出来非常繁琐。

编译：

bash$ for i in 1 2 3 4; do pdflatex MWE.tex ; done

来源：

% filename: MWE.tex

\documentclass[10pt,twoside]{book}

\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{center}{\bf\LARGE MWE}\end{center}

\begin{figure}\tikz{\node at (0,0) {hello};}\caption{hello}\label{hello}\end{figure}
\begin{figure}\tikz{\node at (0,0) {world};}\caption{world}\label{world}\end{figure}

GOAL: produce synonymous variant macros referencing a key figure.\\\\

EXPECT:\\
{\bf key:} $hello_1$ {\bf variants:} $hola_1$ $bonjour_1$\\
{\bf key:} $world_2$ {\bf variants:} $mundo_2$ $monde_2$\\

MOCKUP:\\
% NOTICE: this exercises the loops needed, but how do I generate named macros?
% PROBLEM: \foreach defines \key and \variant so \newcommand can't reuse them.
% FAILURE: \expandafter\newcommand\csname\variant\endcsname{$\variant~\ref{\key}}
\foreach\key/\variants in {hello/{hola,bonjour},world/{mundo,monde}}{
    {\bf key:} $\key_{\ref{\key}}$ {\bf variants:}
    \foreach\variant in \variants{$\variant_{\ref{\key}}$\;} \\
}

ACTUAL:\\
TODO
% TODO uncomment these next two lines when the \newcommands work correctly.
%key: \hello variants: \hola \bonjour
%key: \world variants: \mundo \monde
\end{document}

答案1

TNX 用户 202729。Python 解决方案非常有效。

首先是IDEAS.py的源代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

(BS, OB, CB) = ("\\", "{", "}")
IDEAS = {
    "hello": {"hola", "bonjour"},
    "world": {"mundo", "monde"}
}

def newcommand(num, key, syn):
    print(
        BS      + "newcommand" +
        BS      + syn +
        OB + BS + "large " + syn +
        BS      + "raisebox{-2pt}" +
        OB + BS + "footnotesize" +
        BS      + "ref{" + key + "}" +
        CB + CB
    )

def synonyms(num, key):
    newcommand(num + 1, key, key)
    for syn in IDEAS[key]:
        newcommand(num + 1, key, syn)

for num, key in enumerate(IDEAS):
    synonyms(num, key)

然后命令行：

bash$ IDEAS.py > IDEAS.tex

然后乳胶：

\input{IDEAS}

答案2

一个问题是每次\foreach迭代都在其自己的本地范围内进行。
因此，根据执行的定义\newcommand仅限于本地范围，该范围在迭代开始时打开 ，并在执行该定义的迭代\foreach结束时关闭。 我建议在临时令牌寄存器中累积指令，其中分配是全局完成的，并在迭代完成时传递该寄存器的内容。您需要一些技巧才能正确扩展“变量”宏。\foreach
\newcommand\expandafter\foreach

以下代码可能可以实现您的期望：

% filename: MWE.tex

\documentclass[10pt,twoside]{book}

\newtoks\scratchtoks

\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{center}{\bf\LARGE MWE}\end{center}

\begin{figure}\tikz{\node at (0,0) {hello};}\caption{hello}\label{hello}\end{figure}
\begin{figure}\tikz{\node at (0,0) {world};}\caption{world}\label{world}\end{figure}

GOAL: produce synonymous variant macros referencing a key figure.\\\\

EXPECT:\\
{\bf key:} $hello_1$ {\bf variants:} $hola_1$ $bonjour_1$\\
{\bf key:} $world_2$ {\bf variants:} $mundo_2$ $monde_2$\\

MOCKUP:\\
% NOTICE: this exercises the loops needed, but how do I generate named macros?
% PROBLEM: \foreach defines \key and \variant so \newcommand can't reuse them.
% FAILURE: \expandafter\newcommand\csname\variant\endcsname{$\variant~\ref{\key}}
\global\scratchtoks{\global\scratchtoks{}}%
\foreach\key/\variants in {hello/{hola,bonjour},world/{mundo,monde}}{%
    %---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \global\scratchtoks\expandafter{%
      \the\expandafter\scratchtoks
          \expandafter\newcommand
          \csname\key\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endcsname
                     \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{%
                     \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter$%
                     \expandafter\key
                     \expandafter_%
                     \expandafter{%
                     \expandafter\ref
                     \expandafter{\key}}$}%
    }%
    %---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    {\bf key:} $\key_{\ref{\key}}$ {\bf variants:}
    \foreach\variant in \variants{%
      %-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      \global\scratchtoks\expandafter{%
        \the\expandafter\scratchtoks
            \expandafter\newcommand
            \csname\variant\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endcsname
                       \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{%
                       \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter$%
                       \expandafter\variant
                       \expandafter_%
                       \expandafter{%
                       \expandafter\ref
                       \expandafter{\key}}$}%
      }%
      %-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      $\variant_{\ref{\key}}$\;%
    }\\
}%
\the\scratchtoks

ACTUAL:\\
% TODO uncomment these next two lines when the \newcommands work correctly.
{\bf key:} \hello { \bf variants:} \hola\; \bonjour\;\\
{\bf key:} \world { \bf variants:} \mundo\; \monde\;\\
%\show\hello
%\show\hola
%\show\bonjour
%\show\world
%\show\mundo
%\show\monde
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

\cs_new:cpx另外，你可以使用 expl3来全局定义事物，而不是在标记寄存器中累积：

% filename: MWE.tex

\documentclass[10pt,twoside]{book}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{center}{\bf\LARGE MWE}\end{center}

\begin{figure}\tikz{\node at (0,0) {hello};}\caption{hello}\label{hello}\end{figure}
\begin{figure}\tikz{\node at (0,0) {world};}\caption{world}\label{world}\end{figure}

GOAL: produce synonymous variant macros referencing a key figure.\\\\

EXPECT:\\
{\bf key:} $hello_1$ {\bf variants:} $hola_1$ $bonjour_1$\\
{\bf key:} $world_2$ {\bf variants:} $mundo_2$ $monde_2$\\

MOCKUP:\\
% NOTICE: this exercises the loops needed, but how do I generate named macros?
% PROBLEM: \foreach defines \key and \variant so \newcommand can't reuse them.
% FAILURE: \expandafter\newcommand\csname\variant\endcsname{$\variant~\ref{\key}}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\foreach\key/\variants in {hello/{hola,bonjour},world/{mundo,monde}}{
    %---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \cs_new:cpx{\key}
               {\c_math_toggle_token\exp_not:o {\key}\c_math_subscript_token{\exp_not:N\ref{\exp_not:o {\key}}}\c_math_toggle_token}
    %---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    {\bf key:}~\c_math_toggle_token\key\c_math_subscript_token{\ref{\key}}\c_math_toggle_token~{\bf variants:}~
    \foreach\variant in \variants{
      %-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      \cs_new:cpx{\variant}
                 {\c_math_toggle_token\exp_not:o {\variant}\c_math_subscript_token{\exp_not:N\ref{\exp_not:o {\key}}}\c_math_toggle_token}
      %-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      \c_math_toggle_token\variant\c_math_subscript_token{\ref{\key}}\c_math_toggle_token\;
    }\\
}
\ExplSyntaxOff

ACTUAL:\\
% TODO uncomment these next two lines when the \newcommands work correctly.
{\bf key:} \hello { \bf variants:} \hola\; \bonjour\;\\
{\bf key:} \world { \bf variants:} \mundo\; \monde\;\\
%\show\hello
%\show\hola
%\show\bonjour
%\show\world
%\show\mundo
%\show\monde
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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