我在垂直对齐双列文档时遇到问题。有时，左列或右列的对齐不正确。我也遇到了类似的问题，图片没有填满垂直空间，增加尺寸会导致它们移动到另一页或文档末尾。我附上了序言和最小工作示例 (MWE) 以供参考，并附上了两张问题图片，两页都应与红线对齐。
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\begin{abstract}
The main objective of hydraulics applied in oil well drilling is to ensure cleanliness at the bottom of the well, this consists of keeping in continuous movement the solids or cuttings of the formation, transporting the largest amount of them from the bottom and the annular space to the surface, thus minimizing the existence of unwanted events such as sticking, entrapment, among others.
Each oil well has specific geological, geophysical and geomechanical characteristics that must be taken into account for its design, based on technical and scientific considerations that allow the establishment of its mechanical state and its exploitation engineering studies. The rheological behavior of a fluid in these wells cannot be generalized, even if they are separated by a few hundred meters. This paper describes the development of a graphical computational model for the fast and efficient calculation of the various hydraulic aspects associated with onshore oil well drilling. The model is arranged in three stages: First, the position of the drill pipes in the drillstring is evaluated and their pull margin is determined. Then, the hydraulic calculation procedures of national and international companies are developed. Finally, rheological models (Bingham plastic and exponential law) are used for fluid behavior. The model was developed with Microsoft Visual Basic.
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\begin{keywords}
Drilling hydraulics, rheology, bit pressure, annular pressure, equivalent circulating density.
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\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The Microsoft Excel calculation memory is one of the basic and universally used tools in engineering and has been enhanced with the inclusion of the Visual Basic language as a programming and task automation tool.
Since its first versions, Visual Basic has allowed the development of several engineering applications due to its ease of learning, simple and immediate implementation, and its versatility that allows the development of programming instructions according to specific needs of the oilwell drilling industry, such as gas correlations, volumetric reserves calculations, simple log analysis, water pattern analysis, among others. The oil industry has undergone a transformation thanks to the advances in computer industry and the introduction of the Internet, which, among other applications, have enabled log acquisition and analysis, reservoir simulation, well testing, production and reserve data analysis, as well as the filling of regulatory reports.
Since its first versions, Visual Basic has allowed the development of several engineering applications due to its ease of learning, simple and immediate implementation, and its versatility that allows the development of programming instructions according to specific needs of the oilwell drilling industry, such as gas correlations, volumetric reserves calculations, simple log analysis, water pattern analysis, among others.
The oil industry has undergone a transformation thanks to the advances in computer industry and the introduction of the Internet, which, among other applications, have enabled log acquisition and analysis, reservoir simulation, well testing, production and reserve data analysis, as well as the filling of regulatory reports.
\end{document}
答案1
左列没有空白，因此必然是\smallbaselineskip 的倍数，这不会提供任何灵活性来到达底部边距，但是你可以通过眼睛调整空间：
通过将摘要更改为
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{\par\small\hrule height 0pt\vspace*{-.19in}\noindent \textbf{Abstract.}}%
{\par}