一旦我合并单元格，我的表格就会超出边界。
如何让合并单元格中的文本换行？
我的代码
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx,multirow}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[]
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} p{0.12\textwidth}p{0.28\textwidth}p{0.28\textwidth}p{0.28\textwidth} @{}}
\toprule
&
Mitigation strategy &
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{Adaptation strategy} &
\\ \midrule
Approach &
Actions taken to reduce emissions that cause climate change &
\multicolumn{2}{l|}{Adaptations made to operations to manage the impact of climate change} \\ \midrule
Focus &
Addressing underlying cause of climate change &
\multicolumn{2}{l|}{Managing the risks and vulnerabilities due to exposure to climate change} \\ \midrule
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Sub--\\ strategies\end{tabular} &
N/A &
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{Soft adaptation: Refining existing processes and operations; incremental approach} &
Hard adaptation: Investing in new technology, infrastructure, and (re)location; transformational approach \\ \midrule
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Time\\ horizon\end{tabular} &
Long-term &
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{Short-term} &
Medium-term \\ \midrule
Scale &
Global &
\multicolumn{2}{l|}{More local} \\ \midrule
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Financial \\ investment\end{tabular} &
Medium-high &
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{Low-medium} &
Medium-high \\ \midrule
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Aviation\\ industry\\ examples\end{tabular} &
Galápagos Ecological Airport designed to run completely on renewable energies (65\% from wind, 35\% from solar), and using 80\% recycled materials in its construction and re-use of wastewater in its system (estimated costs \$40 million) &
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{Changi Airport resurfacing Runway 1 with stronger and more durable asphalt with higher temperature resistance due to climate change (estimated cost \$50 million)} &
Plans to build a new 10-mile long sea wall at San Francisco International Airport to guard against 3 feet of sea level rise plus 2 more feet for storms/waves (estimated cost \$587 million) \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
输出
原始表
答案1
像这样：
如果使用tabularray包、ragged2e用于格式化单元格中的文本的包以及booktabs用于siunitx表格规则和一致写入数量百分比的包，表格代码会更加简单和简洁：
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs, siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tblr}{colsep=3pt,
colspec = {X[l, m] | X[1.5, cmd=\RaggedRight]
| X[1.5, cmd=\RaggedRight]
| X[1.5, cmd=\RaggedRight] @{}},
hspan = minimal}
\toprule
& Mitigation strategy
& \SetCell[c=2]{c} Adaptation strategy
& \\
\midrule
Approach
& Actions taken to reduce emissions that cause climate change
& \SetCell[c=2]{j} Adaptations made to operations to manage the impact of climate change \\ \midrule
Focus
& Addressing underlying cause of climate change
& \SetCell[c=2]{j} Managing the risks and vulnerabilities due to exposure to climate change \\ \midrule
Sub-strategies
& N/A
& Soft adaptation: Refining existing processes and operations; incremental approach
& Hard adaptation: Investing in new technology, infrastructure, and (re)location; transformational approach \\
\midrule
Time horizon
& Long-term
& {Short-term}
& Medium-term \\
\midrule
Scale
& Global
& \SetCell[c=2]{j} More local \\
\midrule
Financial investment
& Medium-high
& Low-medium
& Medium-high \\
\midrule
Aviation industry examples
& Galápagos Ecological Airport designed to run completely on renewable energies (\qty{65}{\%} from wind, \qty{35}{\%} from solar), and using \qty{80}{\%} recycled materials in its construction and re-use of waste water in its system (estimated costs \$40 million)
& Changi Airport resurfacing Runway 1 with stronger and more durable asphalt with higher temperature resistance due to climate change (estimated cost \$50 million)
& Plans to build a new 10-mile long sea wall at San Francisco International Airport to guard against 3 feet of sea level rise plus 2 more feet for storms/waves (estimated cost \$587 million \\
\bottomrule
\end{tblr}
\end{table}
\end{document}
tabularray编写多列单元格的语法略有不同：SetCell[c=<num. of columns>]{j}。有关详细信息，请参阅包文档。
编辑：
更正了最后两列的列标题。
答案2
只是为了完整性（因为 OP 使用了一个tabularx环境），这里有一个tabularx基于 的解决方案。
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx,ragged2e}
\newcolumntype{P}{p{\dimexpr0.51\textwidth+2\tabcolsep\relax}@{}}
% 0.51=2*0.255
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[tbp]
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt} % default: 6pt
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}
>{\raggedright}X
*{3}{>{\RaggedRight}p{0.255\textwidth}}
@{}}
\toprule
&
Mitigation strategy &
\multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{Adaptation strategy} \\
\midrule
Approach &
Actions taken to reduce emissions that cause climate change &
\multicolumn{2}{P}{Adaptations made to operations to manage the impact of climate change} \\
\midrule
Focus &
Address underlying cause of climate change &
\multicolumn{2}{P}{Manage the risks and vulnerabilities due to exposure to climate change} \\
& & \multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{Adaptation Substrategies} \\
\cmidrule(l){3-4}
& &
Soft adaptation: Refine existing processes and operations; incremental approach &
Hard adaptation: Invest in new technology, infrastructure, and (re)location; transformational approach\\
\midrule
\addlinespace[3ex]
Time horizon & Long-term & Short-term & Medium-term \\
\midrule
Scale & Global & More local \\
\midrule
Financial investment
& Medium--high & Low--medium & Medium--high \\
\midrule
Aviation industry examples &
Galápagos Ecological Airport designed to run completely on renewable energies (65\% from wind, 35\% from solar), and using 80\% recycled materials in its construction and re-use of wastewater in its system.
Estimated cost: \$40~million &
Changi Airport resurfacing Runway~1 with stronger and more durable asphalt with higher temperature resistance due to climate change.
Estimated cost: \$50~million &
Plans to build a new 10-mile long sea wall at San Francisco International Airport to guard against 3~feet of sea level rise plus 2 more feet for storms\slash waves.
Estimated cost: \$587 million \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}