创建数字追踪工作表

Question 1

这是你的起点。为了更好地遵循您引用的代码我冒昧地：

通过注释指出各个部分的作用
删除一些这里不需要的部分（我们称之为简化）
调整缩进以更好地查看代码结构
添加“1”和“4”作为演示

作为Tikz对于初学者来说可能会有点难以理解，但一旦你理解了它的基本概念，它就变得“简单”，我建议你学习pgfmanual 开头的 4 个教程多次。为了区分常用命令和不常用命令，我建议首先关注这些命令：

\draw和styles（放入 [options]）...;
\path...;

在这里使用的更高级的语句中尝试获取这些语句的本质：

\foreach \X [count=\Y] in {A,1,4}

让变量\X取值 A、1 和 4
使用索引计数（\X），遍历 1、2 和 3，用于展示位置

code={
...
}

一种将一系列“绘图”命令放入\pic
你可以把图片看作\pic是一种 tikz-macro

这应该会使大约 70％的代码对你来说变得相当易读。

最后，只需按照我所指示的方式在语句中引入更多数字\tikzset，并在此语句末尾扩展列表\foreach \X [count=\Y] in {A,1,4}。注意-mid在绘图路径中的某个位置定义坐标，因为需要在文档主代码中绘制这些字符行。

在手册里寻找\arc、circle、ellipse其他数字，同时重现path-concept：来执行一系列操作，直到;。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
 % ~~~ drawing on 3 layers, display-order as stated ~~~~~~~~~
 \pgfdeclarelayer{background} 
 \pgfdeclarelayer{behind} 
 \pgfdeclarelayer{foreground} 
 \pgfsetlayers{behind,background,main,foreground}
% from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/460842/121799
%
% ~~~ drawing each character ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\tikzset{pics/.cd,
  A/.style={
    code={
            % ~~~ the A's outer shape (start, up, down) ~~~
            \draw[pic actions] 
            (0,-0.5) -- (0.3,0.4) -- (0.6,-0.5);
            % ~~~ the A's line in the middle ~~~~~~~
            \draw[pic actions](0.1,1/3-0.45) -- coordinate(-mid)
            (0.5,1/3-0.45);
            % ~~~│ some kind of advance ~~~
            \path (0.7,0);
      }
    },
  %
  1/.style={
    code={
            % ~~~ the 1, with coordinate defined for the middle ~~~
            \draw[pic actions] 
            (0.3,0.4)-- coordinate(-mid) (0.3,-.1) -- (0.3,-0.5);
            % ~~~│ some kind of advance ~~~
            \path (0.7,0);
      }
    },
  %
  4/.style={
    code={
            % ~~~ the 4, with coordinate defined for the middle ~~~
            \draw[pic actions] 
            (0.5,0.4)-- (0.5,-0.5);
            \draw[pic actions] 
            (0.1,0.4)-- coordinate(-mid) (0.1,-.1) -- (0.6,-.1);
            % ~~~│ some kind of advance ~~~
            \path (0.7,0);
      }
    },
  %
}
% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{scope}[local bounding box=letters]
    % ~~~ left column of letters A-Z ~~~~~~~~
    \foreach \X [count=\Y] in {A,1,4}
     {
        % ~~~ drawing upper and lower line for the characters ~~~
        \draw[thick,blue] (0,-\Y-0.25) -- ++ (5,0) (0,-\Y+0.25) -- ++ (5,0);
        % ~~~ drawing the character as a \pic ~~~~~~~~~~
        \path[thick] (0.5,-\Y) pic[scale=0.5](\X){\X}% first solid character
            % ~~~ introducing 4 dashed characters ~~~
            foreach \Z in {1,...,4}
            {(\Z+0.5,-\Y) pic[scale=0.5,dash pattern=on 1.5pt off 1.2pt]{\X}}
        ;
        
        % ~~~ drawing the dashed red line in the middle
        \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
          \draw[red,dashed] (0,-\Y|-\X-mid) -- ++ (5,0);
        \end{pgfonlayer}
      }
            % ~~~ NOT NEEDED HERE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
            %   % ~~~ right column of letters a-z ~~~~~~~~
            %   \foreach \X [count=\Y] in {a,...,z}
            %    {\draw[thick,blue] (6,-\Y-0.25) -- ++ (5,0) (6,-\Y+0.25) -- ++ (5,0);
            %     \path[thick] (6.5,-\Y) pic[scale=0.5](\X){\X} foreach \Z in {1,...,4}
            %     {(\Z+6.5,-\Y) pic[scale=0.5,dash pattern=on 1.5pt off 1.2pt]{\X}};
            %    \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
            %     \draw[red,dashed] (6,-\Y|-\X-mid) -- ++ (5,0);
            %    \end{pgfonlayer}
            %     }  
  \end{scope}

   % ~~~ NOT NEEDED HERE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   % ~~~ putting all those blueish colors on paper ~~~  
%  \begin{pgfonlayer}{behind}
%    \path[left color=cyan!10,right color=cyan!30] 
%       (letters.south west) rectangle (letters.north east);
%  \end{pgfonlayer}
%  \draw[line width=2mm,blue!30] ([xshift=-3mm,yshift=3mm]letters.north west) 
%       -- ([xshift=-3mm,yshift=-3mm]letters.south west);

 \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer