![空格划线,使其忽略下括号下面的内容](https://linux22.com/image/469344/%E7%A9%BA%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%92%E7%BA%BF%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%BF%E5%85%B6%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8B%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E4%B8%8B%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9.png)
我正在尝试将单词分解为词素,并以简洁的方式显示它们。
\usepackage{amsmath}
% ... etc ...
d. not compound, polymorphemic:
$\underbrace{\text{doubt}}_{\text{free root}}\: - \:\underbrace{\text{less}}_{\text{free derivational suffix}}\: - \:\underbrace{\text{ly}}_{\text{bound derivational suffix}}$
我已使下括号正常工作,但是它们之间的破折号看起来有点杂乱,因为它们考虑了下括号下方内容的宽度,该内容通常但并不总是大于其上方的内容。我如何以某种方式强制破折号出现在下括号上方内容的中央,而忽略其下方的所有内容?在下图中,less
和之间的破折号看起来在右边,但和ly
之间的破折号太靠左了,因为下面的内容比下面的内容小。doubt
less
doubt
less
期望结果:
答案1
\textminus
如果你愿意做一些测量,你可以毫无问题地在元素之间设置破折号(如下)。\tmpbox
用于存储整个构造没有破折号、\tmplenA
和\tmplenB
分别\tmplenC
用于测量第一、第二和第三个“术语”的底部和下括号文本之间的最宽元素。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\newsavebox{\tmpbox}
\newlength{\tmplenA}
\newlength{\tmplenB}
\newlength{\tmplenC}
\begin{document}
d. not compound, polymorphemic:
\[
% Capture width of entire structure
\savebox{\tmpbox}{$
\underbrace{\text{doubt\strut}}_{\text{free root}}
\quad% \hspace{1em}
\underbrace{\text{less\strut}}_{\text{free derivational suffix}}
\quad% \hspace{1em}
\underbrace{\text{ly\strut}}_{\text{bound derivational suffix}}
$}
% Set entire structure in a zero-width, left-aligned box
\makebox[0pt][l]{\usebox{\tmpbox}}
\settowidth{\tmplenA}{\text{\scriptsize free root}}% Widest element of first "term"
\settowidth{\tmplenB}{\text{\scriptsize free derivational suffix}}% Widest element of second "term"
\settowidth{\tmplenC}{\text{\scriptsize bound derivational suffix}}% Widest element of third "term"
% Set box of width matching original structure (left-aligned)
\makebox[\wd\tmpbox][l]{%
\hspace{0.5\tmplenA}% Skip to middle of first "term"
\makebox[\dimexpr0.5\tmplenA+1em+0.5\tmplenB]{\textminus}% Set \textminus halfway between first and second "term"
\makebox[\dimexpr0.5\tmplenB+1em+0.5\tmplenC]{\textminus}% Set \textminus halfway between second and third "term"
}
\]
\end{document}
答案2
您需要测量各部分(顶部和底部)并在项目之间打印破折号,其偏移量取决于左侧和右侧项目的宽度。这里我使用零宽度框,因此不会增加空间;项目之间的间隔为一个 em,因此短破折号非常适合。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amstext}
\NewDocumentCommand{\textubrace}{mm}{%
\ensuremath{\underbrace{\text{#1\strut}}_{\text{#2\vphantom{ly}}}}%
}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\morphemes}{m}
{% #1 = {doubt}{free root},{less}{free derivational suffix},{ly}{bound derivational suffix}
\naiveai_morphemes:n { #1 }
}
\seq_new:N \l__naive_morphemes_items_seq % the items
\seq_new:N \l__naive_morphemes_top_seq % the widths of the top items
\seq_new:N \l__naive_morphemes_bot_seq % the widths of the bottom items
\dim_new:N \l__naive_morphemes_tmp_dim
\cs_new_protected:Nn \naiveai_morphemes:n
{
\seq_set_from_clist:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_items_seq { #1 }
\seq_clear:N \l__naive_morphemes_top_seq
\seq_clear:N \l__naive_morphemes_bot_seq
% store the half-widths
\seq_map_function:NN \l__naive_morphemes_items_seq \__naiveai_morphemes_measure:n
% check that the bottom widths aren't less than the corresponding top width
\seq_map_indexed_inline:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_top_seq
{
\dim_compare:nT { \seq_item:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_bot_seq { ##1 } < ##2 }
{
\seq_set_item:Nnn \l__naive_morphemes_bot_seq { ##1 } { ##2 }
}
}
% typeset
\int_step_inline:nn { \seq_count:N \l__naive_morphemes_items_seq - 1 }
{
% the item
\exp_last_unbraced:Ne \textubrace { \seq_item:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_items_seq { ##1 } }
% half space
\nobreak
\skip_horizontal:n { 0.5em }
% the dash; first compute the offset
\dim_set:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_tmp_dim
{
(
\seq_item:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_bot_seq { ##1 } % left bot width
-
\seq_item:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_top_seq { ##1 } % left top width
)
-
(
\seq_item:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_bot_seq { ##1 + 1 } % right bot width
-
\seq_item:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_top_seq { ##1 + 1 } % right top width
)
}
% the dash, suitably offset
\hbox_to_zero:n
{
\hss
\dim_compare:nTF { \l__naive_morphemes_tmp_dim > 0pt }
{ -- \skip_horizontal:n { \l__naive_morphemes_tmp_dim } }
{ \skip_horizontal:n { -\l__naive_morphemes_tmp_dim } -- }
\hss
}
% half space
\nobreak
\skip_horizontal:n { 0.5em }
}
% the last item
\exp_last_unbraced:Ne \textubrace { \seq_item:Nn \l__naive_morphemes_items_seq { -1 } }
}
\cs_new_protected:Nn \__naiveai_morphemes_measure:n
{
\__naiveai_morphemes_measure_both:nn #1
}
\cs_new_protected:Nn \__naiveai_morphemes_measure_both:nn
{
\hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box { #1 }
\seq_put_right:Nx \l__naive_morphemes_top_seq { \dim_eval:n { (\box_wd:N \l_tmpa_box)/2 } }
\hbox_set:Nn \l_tmpa_box { \ensuremath { \scriptstyle \text { #2 } } }
\seq_put_right:Nx \l__naive_morphemes_bot_seq { \dim_eval:n { (\box_wd:N \l_tmpa_box)/2 } }
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\morphemes{
{doubt}{free root},
{less}{free derivational suffix},
{ly}{bound derivational suffix}
}
\\[2ex]
\morphemes{
{xxxxxxx}{x},
{abc}{abcde},
{yyyyy}{yyyyyyy}
}
\end{center}
\end{document}