我是一名博士生，正在 Overleaf 上撰写论文，发现错误超过 400 条。有人能帮忙吗？
\documentclass[12pt, thesis]{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2212}{$-$}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{anysize}
\marginsize{2cm}{2cm}{2cm}{0cm}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{rotating, graphicx}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage[raggedrightboxes]{ragged2e}
\usepackage[table,xcdraw,svgnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{booktabs}% http://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs
\newcommand{\tabitem}{~~\llap{\textbullet}~~}
\definecolor{blue}{RGB}{0,102,204}
\usepackage[font=small,format=plain,labelfont={color=blue,bf},up]{caption}
\graphicspath{ {Figures/} }
\usepackage{array}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\usepackage[table,xcdraw]{xcolor}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\setitemize{noitemsep,topsep=0pt,parsep=0pt,partopsep=0pt} % less gaps in itemize sections
\setenumerate{noitemsep,topsep=0pt,parsep=0pt,partopsep=0pt}
\usepackage[raggedright]{titlesec}
\usepackage{placeins}
\makeatletter
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
\vspace{20\p@}%
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\huge\bfseries
% \@chapapp\space % removed
\thechapter
\nobreakspace{}% \par\nobreak\vskip 20\p@ % replaced
\fi
\interlinepenalty\@M
\huge % \Huge % replaced
\bfseries #1\par\nobreak
\vskip 15\p@
}}
\makeatother
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{multirow}
\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{10pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{5pt}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{10pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{5pt}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{20pt}{3pt}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\AtBeginEnvironment{tabular}{\small}
\AtBeginEnvironment{longtable}{\small}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{setspace}
\setstretch{1.5}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{textcomp, gensymb}
\usepackage{subcaption}
%\usepackage[paper=portrait,pagesize]{typearea}
\setlength{\headheight}{0cm}
\setlength{\headsep}{0cm}
\setlength{\footskip}{30pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{0.5\parskip}
\setlength{\textfloatsep}{0.5\textfloatsep}
\usepackage{titlesec}
%\newcommand{\sectionbreak}{\clearpage}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\setlength\cftaftertoctitleskip{10pt}
%\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
%\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\usepackage[backend=biber,style=nature,]{biblatex}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\addbibresource{Thesis.bib}
\author{Davide Vincenzo Verdolino}
\date{28 February 2021}
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\begin{center}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Figures/header1.png}
\begin{singlespace}
\vspace*{2.5cm} \par
\Huge \bf {Understanding the mechanisms of action of collagen-based wound dressings to promote healing.}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vskip 2.0cm \par
\large \bf{A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the \\ degree of Doctor of Philosophy \\ in the Faculty of Science and Engineering} \par
\vskip 3.0cm \par
\large {Davide Vincenzo Verdolino} \par
\large {9767515}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vskip 0.8cm \par
\large \normalfont {Supervised by Prof. Sarah Cartmell} \par
\large \normalfont {In collaboration with 3M Company} \par
\vspace{0.8cm}
\large \normalfont {The University of Manchester \\ Henry Royce Institute, Royce Hub Building \\ Department of Materials \\ School of Natural Sciences \\ Faculty of Science and Engineering} \par
\vskip 0.8cm
\large \normalfont {September 2023}
\end{singlespace}
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}
\tableofcontents
\pagenumbering{Roman}
\cleardoublepage
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\listtablename}
\listoftables
\cleardoublepage
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\listfigurename}
\listoffigures
%\thispagestyle{empty}
\chapter{Introduction}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\input{Intro}
\begingroup
\let\clearpage\relax
\chapter{\textit{In Vitro} Characterisation}
\endgroup
\input{Chapter 2}
\cleardoublepage
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliography}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
我收到的第一个错误是
You need to enclose all mathematical expressions and symbols with special markers. These special markers create a ‘math mode’.
Use $...$ for inline math mode, and \[...\]or one of the mathematical environments (e.g. equation) for display math mode.
This applies to symbols such as subscripts ( _ ), integrals ( \int ), Greek letters ( \alpha, \beta, \delta ) and modifiers (\vec{x}, \tilde{x}).
<inserted text>
$
l.15 ...$=$2 biological replicates.\relax }}{58}{}
%
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
19347 strings out of 477678
352358 string characters out of 5829488
1210596 words of memory out of 5000000
37771 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
479410 words of font info for 98 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
72i,6n,77p,1146b,1898s stack positions out of 10000i,1000n,20000p,200000b,200000s
! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!
这指的是这行代码：
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{Figures/Neutrophils Chemotaxis.png}
\caption{Neutrophils migration as a result of exposure to wound dressings extract (10 mg/mL), DMEM (negative control) and fMLP (1$\mu$M, positive control). * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, **** P<0.0001, \bullet P<0.0001 against fMLP, \bullet\bullet P<0.001 against fMLP. Error bars represented SEM of n$=$6 replicates across n$=$3 separate experiments from n$=$2 biological replicates.}
\label{neut_chemo}
\end{figure}
我尝试使用 (=) 和 {=} 但仍然出现同样的错误。
答案1
代码块
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{Figures/Neutrophils Chemotaxis.png}
\caption{Neutrophils migration as a result of exposure to wound
dressings extract (10 mg/mL), DMEM (negative control) and fMLP
(1$\mu$M, positive control). * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001,
**** P<0.0001, \bullet P<0.0001 against fMLP, \bullet\bullet
P<0.001 against fMLP. Error bars represented SEM of n$=$6
replicates across n$=$3 separate experiments from n$=$2
biological replicates.}
\label{neut_chemo}
\end{figure}
如果你将其重写为
\begin{figure}[ht]
%\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figures/Neutrophils Chemotaxis.png}
\caption{Neutrophils migration as a result of exposure to wound
dressings extract (10 mg/mL), DMEM (negative control) and fMLP
(1$\mu$M, positive control).}
\label{neut_chemo}
\medskip\footnotesize
$^{*}$ $P<0.05$, $^{**}$ $P<0.01$, $^{***}$ $P<0.001$, $^{****}$ $P<0.0001$;
$^{\bullet}$ $P<0.0001$ against fMLP, $^{\bullet\bullet}$ $P<0.001$
against fMLP. Error bars represented SEM of n$=$6 replicates
across n$=$3 separate experiments from n$=$2 biological replicates.}
\end{figure}
请注意，我建议从论点中删除图例材料\caption并将其放置在标题下方。无需用过长的标题来分散读者的注意力……
\documentclass[demo]{report} % remove 'demo' option in real document
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{blue}{RGB}{0,102,204}
\usepackage[font=small,format=plain,
labelfont={color=blue,bf},up]{caption}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[per-mode=symbol]{siunitx} % <-- new, for \qty macro
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[ht]
%\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figures/Neutrophils Chemotaxis.png}
\caption{Neutrophils migration as a result of exposure to wound
dressings extract (\qty{10}{\milli\gram\per\milli\liter}),
DMEM (negative control) and fMLP (\qty{1}{\micro M}, positive control).}
\label{neut_chemo}
\medskip\footnotesize
$^{*}$ $P<0.05$, $^{**}$ $P<0.01$, $^{***}$ $P<0.001$, $^{****}$ $P<0.0001$;
$^{\bullet}$ $P<0.0001$ against fMLP, $^{\bullet\bullet}$ $P<0.001$
against fMLP. Error bars represented SEM of $n=6$ replicates
across $n=3$ separate experiments from $n=2$ biological replicates.
\end{figure}
\end{document}