框图中的对齐和对称性

Question

我正在尝试通过以下方式绘制简单的框图：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[-,auto,node distance=1.25cm]
  \tikzstyle{point}=[coordinate]
    \tikzstyle{block}=[draw, rectangle, minimum height=1em, minimum width=1.5em]
    \node[point]  (0)                     {};
    \node[point]  (1) [right of=0 ]        {};
    \node[block]  (2) [above right of=1]  {A};
    \node[block]  (3) [right of=2]        {B};
    \node[block]  (4) [right of=3]        {C};
    \node[block]  (7) [right of=1]  {A};
    \node[block]  (8) [right of=7]        {E};
    \node[block]  (9) [right of=8]        {D};
    \node[block] (12) [below right of=1]  {B};
    \node[block] (13) [right of=12]  {C};
    \node[block] (14) [right of=13]  {E};
    \node[point] (15) [right of=4]  {};
    \node[point] (16) [right of=9]  {};
    \node[point] (17) [right of=14]  {};
    \node[point] (18) [right of=16] {};
    
    \draw [thick]  (12) -| (1) (7) -|  (1)   (2) -| (1) ;
    \draw [thick]   (0) --  (1)   (2) --  (3) (7) --  (8)   (3) -- (4)  (8) -- (9)  (12) -- (13);
    \draw [thick]   (13) -- (14) ;
    \draw [thick]   (15) -- (4) ;
    \draw [thick]   (16) -- (9) ;
    \draw [thick]   (17) -- (14) ;
    \draw [thick]   (18) -- (16) ;
    \draw [thick] (15) -| (16)    (17) -| (16);
    
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

得出：

我遇到的问题是框之间的正确对齐和图表的一般对称性。也就是说，我希望左侧和右侧的线条长度相同。虽然我只是偶尔使用 Latex 的用户，但我希望得到提示以及一些替代的、也许更简洁的方法来绘制这样的图表。

Answer 1

您是指“对称性”之类的东西吗？

借助库chains（用于更短的代码）和positioning（用于更简单地定位节点），您的图像代码可以重写为：

\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
%\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{chains,
                positioning}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 4mm and 4mm,
  start chain = going right,
     N/.style = {draw, thin, minimum height=1em, minimum width=1.5em},
every path/.append style = {semithick}
                    ]
    \scoped[nodes={N, on chain, join=by -}]
{
\coordinate (0);
\coordinate (1);
    \node  (7) {A};
    \node  (8) {E};
    \node  (9) {D};
\coordinate (15);
\coordinate (16);
}
    \node  (2) [N,above=of 7] {A};
    \node  (3) [N,above=of 8] {B};
    \node  (4) [N,above=of 9] {C};
%
    \node (12) [N,below=of 7]  {B};
    \node (13) [N,below=of 8]  {C};
    \node (14) [N,below=of 9]  {E};

\draw[red, densely dashed, very thin]   
    (2.north west) -- (14.south east)
    (12.south west) -- (4.north east);
\draw   (1) |- (2)  -- (3)  -- (4)  -| (15)
        (1) |- (12) -- (13) -- (14) -| (15);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

使用 TikZ 的解决方案nicematrix。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix,tikz}

\begin{document}

\pgfset{nicematrix/cell-node/.append style = { minimum size = 6 mm } }

\begin{NiceTabular}{ccc}[pgf-node-code=\pgfusepathqstroke]
A & B & C \\[4mm]
A & E & D \\[4mm]
B & C & E 
\CodeAfter
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw (1-1) -- (1-2) (1-2) -- (1-3) ; 
    \draw (2-1) -- (2-2) (2-2) -- (2-3) ; 
    \draw (3-1) -- (3-2) (3-2) -- (3-3) ; 
    \draw (1-1) -- ++(-6mm,0pt) |- (3-1) ; 
    \draw (1-3) -- ++(6mm,0pt) |- (3-3) ; 
    \draw (2-1) -- ++(-8mm,0pt) (2-3) -- ++(8mm,0pt) ;  
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{NiceTabular}

\end{document}