我希望在 beamer 演示文稿中按顺序显示带有 axis 环境的 tikz 图片。但是，当我在 axis 环境中使用命令 \pause 时，演示文稿只会显示一张空白幻灯片，并在下一张幻灯片中显示整个图表，而我想要的是在第一张幻灯片中显示图表的某些部分，在第二张幻灯片中显示其他部分。
任何帮助都将不胜感激。以下是 MWE：
\documentclass[usenames,dvipsnames,aspectratio=169]{beamer} % --> loads xcolor and hyperref
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PACKAGES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Loaded by default in beamer (and many others...)
%\usepackage{
% amsthm
% color
% enumerate
% fourier
% hyperref
% xcolor
%}
\usepackage{
fourier, % For typesetting
newtxtext, % To set the fonts to Times New Roman
import, % to import files
caption, % To include captions in tables and figures
subcaption, % To include subcaptions in tables and figures
graphicx, % A more advanced package for images and figures
float, % Improves floating objects: figures and tables
nicematrix, % To make nice tables
multicol, % For multicolum slides
ragged2e, % New commands and environments for ragged tex
mathtools, % Loads and enhances the features of amsmath
amssymb, % to cross a term in an equation
cancel, % to cross a term in an equation
marvosym % Adds Marting Vogel's symbols: euro, comunicaiton,...
}
%TO BE REMOVED
%\let\marvosymLightning\Lightning
%This sequence of packages controls the mathematical tools of latex
%\usepackage[makeroom]{cancel} % to cross a term in an equation
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% CONTROL SEQUENCES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Others
\definecolor{Red}{RGB}{176,23,31} % To define new colors
\setlength{\columnsep}{5pt} % (multicol) Controls the separation of column
\setlength{\parskip}{\baselineskip}
\hypersetup{ % To control the colors of the hyperref package
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=DarkOrchid,
filecolor=magenta,
urlcolor=Purple,
}
% Allign caption and remove 'Figure'
\captionsetup{
font = large,
skip = 10pt,
justification = raggedright,
%singlelinecheck = false,
labelformat = empty,
labelsep = none
}
%\setbeamertemplate{caption}{\raggedright\insertcaption\par}
% Alligning (ragged2e)
\apptocmd{\frame}{}{\justifying}{}
\renewcommand{\raggedright}{\leftskip=0pt \rightskip=0pt plus 0cm} % For justifying the whole document
\usepackage[none]{hyphenat} % <--- to remove hyphens
\sloppy %to justify when there is no hyphenation
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% GRAPH CONTROL
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{pgfplots} %--> it loads tikz, already loaded?
\usetikzlibrary{
fit,
calc,
matrix,
positioning,
arrows.meta,
intersections,
through,
backgrounds,
patterns,
shapes,
decorations.pathreplacing,
arrows.meta
}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\pgfplotsset{compat = newest}
\pgfplotsset{overwrite option/.style args={#1 with #2}{#1=#2,#1/.code=}}
\pgfplotsset{
vasymptote/.style={before end axis/.append code={\draw[dashed,<->,-{Latex}] ({rel axis cs:0,0} -| {axis cs:#1,0}) -- ({rel axis cs:0,1} -| {axis cs:#1,0}); }},
myaxis/.style={axis line style={<->, {Latex}-{Latex}}}
} % This fancy shit sets the arrows to both parts of the axis in the axis environment of pgfplot
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% STRUCTURE OF THE BEAMER
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usefonttheme{professionalfonts}
\usefonttheme{serif}
\setbeamercolor{title}{fg=Red}
\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=darkgray} % Set the font color globally
\setbeamerfont{normal text}{size=\small}
\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=Red}
\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{shape=\itshape, size=\huge}
\setbeamertemplate{frametitle}[default][left]
\addtobeamertemplate{frametitle}{\vskip 5pt \hskip 10pt }{\vskip 10pt} % to control the height
\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=Red}
\setbeamercolor*{enumerate item}{fg=black}
\setbeamercolor*{enumerate subitem}{fg=black}
\setbeamercolor*{enumerate subsubitem}{fg=black}
\setbeamertemplate{footline}[frame number]
\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
\setbeamertemplate{section in toc}[sections numbered] % to number sections in the table of contents
\setbeamertemplate{itemize items}[ball]
\setbeamertemplate{subitems}[triangle]
% \useoutertheme{miniframes}
\setlength{\leftmargini}{20.00pt}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% METADATA OF PRESENTATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\title{1. Labour Supply}
\author{Rub\'{e}n P\'{e}rez Sanz}
\institute{University of Bristol, School of Economics}
\date{\footnotesize{\today}}
\makeatother
\setbeamertemplate{footline}
{
\leavevmode%
\hbox{%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.4\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{author in head/foot}%
\usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}\insertshortauthor
\end{beamercolorbox}%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.4\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{title in head/foot}%
\usebeamerfont{title in head/foot}\insertshorttitle
\end{beamercolorbox}%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.2\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{date in head/foot}%
\insertframenumber{} / \inserttotalframenumber\hspace*{1ex}
\end{beamercolorbox}}%
\vskip0pt%
}
\makeatletter
\newcommand\Smallfont{\fontsize{7.5}{12}\selectfont}
\newcommand\Normalfont{\fontsize{9}{12}\selectfont}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% TABLE OF CONTENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\AtBeginSection[]
{
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Table of Contents}
\tableofcontents[currentsection]
\end{frame}
}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% START OF THE PRESENTATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{document}
\frame{\titlepage}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Table of Contents}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Substitution and income effects}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SUBSTITUTION AND INCOME EFFECTS
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 1]
\begin{axis}[
width=6cm,
xscale = 1, yscale = 1,
axis lines = middle,
% myaxis,
% grid,
% grid style={densely dashed},
xmin = -20, xmax = 130, ymin = -25, ymax = 200,
every axis/.append style={font=\tiny},
xlabel = {$L$}, xlabel style={at=(current axis.right of origin), anchor=west},
ylabel = $C$, ylabel style={at=(current axis.above origin), anchor=east},
xtick = \empty,
xticklabels = \empty,
ytick = \empty,
yticklabels = \empty,
samples=100,
domain=-2:10,
% axis equal,
% no markers
]
% Functions
\addplot[domain=0:110, Mahogany, name path = ic0]{(90*60^(1/3))/(x^(1/3))};
\addplot[domain=0:112, black , name path = bc0]{120-1/2*x} ;
\addplot[domain=0:110, Mahogany, name path = ic0]{(132*44^(1/3))/(x^(1/3))};
\addplot[domain=0:112, black , name path = bc0]{176-x} ;
\addplot[domain=10:50, Mahogany, name path = ic0, draw opacity = .5]{(90*30^(1/3))/(x^(1/3))} ;
\addplot[domain=0:112, black , name path = bc0, draw opacity = .5]{120-x} node[right, xshift = -4] at (112,8) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $R_c$};
\addplot[domain=0:112, black , name path = bc0, draw opacity = .5]{120*2^(1/4)-x} ;
\pause
% Points
\draw[black, thick, fill] (axis cs: 60,90) circle [ radius = .5] node[above] at (60,90) {\fontsize{5}{5} \selectfont $E_0$};
\draw[black, thick, fill] (axis cs: 44,132) circle [ radius = .5] node[above] at (44,132) {\fontsize{5}{5} \selectfont $E_1$};
\draw[black, thick, fill] (axis cs: 30,90) circle [ radius = .5] node[above,yshift = -2] at (30,90) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $E'$};
\draw[black, thick, fill] (axis cs: 35.676,107.0286) circle [ radius = .5] node[above] at (35.676,107.0286) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $E''$};
% Arrows
\draw[-latex, ultra thin] (120,27)--(120,0) node[above, yshift=-5, xshift=-1] at (120,32) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $R$};
\draw[-latex, ultra thin] (120,37)--(120,64);
\draw[-latex, ultra thin] (51,-20)--(0,-20) node[above, yshift=-5, xshift=-1] at (56,-20) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $T$};
\draw[-latex, ultra thin] (61,-20)--(112,-20);
\draw[-latex, ultra thin] (-10,55)--(-10,0) node[above, yshift=-7, xshift=-1] at (-10,65) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $V$};
\draw[-latex, ultra thin] (-10,65)--(-10,120);
% Solid lines
\draw[black, ultra thin] (117,64)--(123,64);
\draw[black, ultra thin] (0,-17)--(0,-23);
\draw[black, ultra thin] (112,-17)--(112,-23);
\draw[black, ultra thin] (-13,0)--(-7,0);
\draw[black, ultra thin] (-13,120)--(-7,120);
% Dashed lines
\draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (112,0)--(112,200);
\draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (60,0)--(60,90) node[below] at (60,0) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $L^*$};
\draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (0,90)--(60,90) node[left, xshift = 2] at (0,90) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $C^*=C'$};
\draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (44,0)--(44,132) node[below] at (44,0) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $L_1$}; \draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (0,132)--(44,132) node[left, xshift = 2] at (0,132) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $C_1$};
\draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (30,0)--(30,90) node[below] at (30,0) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $L'$}; \draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (0,90)--(30,90);
\draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (35.676,0)--(35.676,107.0286) node[below] at (35.676,0) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $L''$}; \draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (0,107.0286)--(35.676,107.0286) node[left, xshift = 2] at (0,107.0286) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $C''$};
\draw[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (90,64)--(112,64) node[above,xshift = 5] at (90,60) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $w$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
答案1
TikZ 宏（如\draw）可感知叠加层。这意味着您可以使用例如\draw<2->来指定元素应显示在哪些叠加层上：
\documentclass[usenames,dvipsnames,aspectratio=169]{beamer} % --> loads xcolor and hyperref
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PACKAGES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Loaded by default in beamer (and many others...)
%\usepackage{
% amsthm
% color
% enumerate
% fourier
% hyperref
% xcolor
%}
\usepackage{
fourier, % For typesetting
newtxtext, % To set the fonts to Times New Roman
import, % to import files
caption, % To include captions in tables and figures
subcaption, % To include subcaptions in tables and figures
% graphicx, % A more advanced package for images and figures
float, % Improves floating objects: figures and tables
nicematrix, % To make nice tables
multicol, % For multicolum slides
ragged2e, % New commands and environments for ragged tex
mathtools, % Loads and enhances the features of amsmath
% amssymb, % to cross a term in an equation
cancel, % to cross a term in an equation
marvosym % Adds Marting Vogel's symbols: euro, comunicaiton,...
}
%TO BE REMOVED
%\let\marvosymLightning\Lightning
%This sequence of packages controls the mathematical tools of latex
%\usepackage[makeroom]{cancel} % to cross a term in an equation
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% CONTROL SEQUENCES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Others
\definecolor{Red}{RGB}{176,23,31} % To define new colors
\setlength{\columnsep}{5pt} % (multicol) Controls the separation of column
\setlength{\parskip}{\baselineskip}
\hypersetup{ % To control the colors of the hyperref package
colorlinks=true,
linkcolor=DarkOrchid,
filecolor=magenta,
urlcolor=Purple,
}
% Allign caption and remove 'Figure'
\captionsetup{
font = large,
skip = 10pt,
justification = raggedright,
%singlelinecheck = false,
labelformat = empty,
labelsep = none
}
%\setbeamertemplate{caption}{\raggedright\insertcaption\par}
% Alligning (ragged2e)
\apptocmd{\frame}{}{\justifying}{}
\renewcommand{\raggedright}{\leftskip=0pt \rightskip=0pt plus 0cm} % For justifying the whole document
\usepackage[none]{hyphenat} % <--- to remove hyphens
\sloppy %to justify when there is no hyphenation
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% GRAPH CONTROL
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{pgfplots} %--> it loads tikz, already loaded?
\usetikzlibrary{
fit,
calc,
matrix,
positioning,
arrows.meta,
intersections,
through,
backgrounds,
patterns,
shapes,
decorations.pathreplacing,
arrows.meta
}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\pgfplotsset{compat = newest}
\pgfplotsset{overwrite option/.style args={#1 with #2}{#1=#2,#1/.code=}}
\pgfplotsset{
vasymptote/.style={before end axis/.append code={\draw[dashed,<->,-{Latex}] ({rel axis cs:0,0} -| {axis cs:#1,0}) -- ({rel axis cs:0,1} -| {axis cs:#1,0}); }},
myaxis/.style={axis line style={<->, {Latex}-{Latex}}}
} % This fancy shit sets the arrows to both parts of the axis in the axis environment of pgfplot
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% STRUCTURE OF THE BEAMER
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usefonttheme{professionalfonts}
\usefonttheme{serif}
\setbeamercolor{title}{fg=Red}
\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=darkgray} % Set the font color globally
\setbeamerfont{normal text}{size=\small}
\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=Red}
\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{shape=\itshape, size=\huge}
\setbeamertemplate{frametitle}[default][left]
\addtobeamertemplate{frametitle}{\vskip 5pt \hskip 10pt }{\vskip 10pt} % to control the height
\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=Red}
\setbeamercolor*{enumerate item}{fg=black}
\setbeamercolor*{enumerate subitem}{fg=black}
\setbeamercolor*{enumerate subsubitem}{fg=black}
\setbeamertemplate{footline}[frame number]
\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
\setbeamertemplate{section in toc}[sections numbered] % to number sections in the table of contents
\setbeamertemplate{itemize items}[ball]
\setbeamertemplate{subitems}[triangle]
% \useoutertheme{miniframes}
\setlength{\leftmargini}{20.00pt}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% METADATA OF PRESENTATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\title{1. Labour Supply}
\author{Rub\'{e}n P\'{e}rez Sanz}
\institute{University of Bristol, School of Economics}
\date{\footnotesize{\today}}
\makeatother
\setbeamertemplate{footline}
{
\leavevmode%
\hbox{%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.4\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{author in head/foot}%
\usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}\insertshortauthor
\end{beamercolorbox}%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.4\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{title in head/foot}%
\usebeamerfont{title in head/foot}\insertshorttitle
\end{beamercolorbox}%
\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=.2\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1ex,center]{date in head/foot}%
\insertframenumber{} / \inserttotalframenumber\hspace*{1ex}
\end{beamercolorbox}}%
\vskip0pt%
}
\makeatletter
\newcommand\Smallfont{\fontsize{7.5}{12}\selectfont}
\newcommand\Normalfont{\fontsize{9}{12}\selectfont}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% TABLE OF CONTENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\AtBeginSection[]
{
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Table of Contents}
\tableofcontents[currentsection]
\end{frame}
}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% START OF THE PRESENTATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{Substitution and income effects}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SUBSTITUTION AND INCOME EFFECTS
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\usetikzlibrary{overlay-beamer-styles}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 1]
\begin{axis}[
width=6cm,
xscale = 1, yscale = 1,
axis lines = middle,
% myaxis,
% grid,
% grid style={densely dashed},
xmin = -20, xmax = 130, ymin = -25, ymax = 200,
every axis/.append style={font=\tiny},
xlabel = {$L$}, xlabel style={at=(current axis.right of origin), anchor=west},
ylabel = $C$, ylabel style={at=(current axis.above origin), anchor=east},
xtick = \empty,
xticklabels = \empty,
ytick = \empty,
yticklabels = \empty,
samples=100,
domain=-2:10,
% axis equal,
% no markers
]
% Functions
\addplot[domain=0:110, Mahogany, name path = ic0]{(90*60^(1/3))/(x^(1/3))};
\addplot[domain=0:112, black , name path = bc0]{120-1/2*x} ;
\addplot[domain=0:110, Mahogany, name path = ic0]{(132*44^(1/3))/(x^(1/3))};
\addplot[domain=0:112, black , name path = bc0]{176-x} ;
\addplot[domain=10:50, Mahogany, name path = ic0, draw opacity = .5]{(90*30^(1/3))/(x^(1/3))} ;
\addplot[domain=0:112, black , name path = bc0, draw opacity = .5]{120-x} node[right, xshift = -4] at (112,8) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $R_c$};
\addplot[domain=0:112, black , name path = bc0, draw opacity = .5]{120*2^(1/4)-x} ;
% \pause
% Points
\draw<2->[black, thick, fill] (axis cs: 60,90) circle [ radius = .5] node[above] at (60,90) {\fontsize{5}{5} \selectfont $E_0$};
\draw<2->[black, thick, fill] (axis cs: 44,132) circle [ radius = .5] node[above] at (44,132) {\fontsize{5}{5} \selectfont $E_1$};
\draw<2->[black, thick, fill] (axis cs: 30,90) circle [ radius = .5] node[above,yshift = -2] at (30,90) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $E'$};
\draw<2->[black, thick, fill] (axis cs: 35.676,107.0286) circle [ radius = .5] node[above] at (35.676,107.0286) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $E''$};
% Arrows
\draw<2->[-latex, ultra thin] (120,27)--(120,0) node[above, yshift=-5, xshift=-1] at (120,32) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $R$};
\draw<2->[-latex, ultra thin] (120,37)--(120,64);
\draw<2->[-latex, ultra thin] (51,-20)--(0,-20) node[above, yshift=-5, xshift=-1] at (56,-20) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $T$};
\draw<2->[-latex, ultra thin] (61,-20)--(112,-20);
\draw<2->[-latex, ultra thin] (-10,55)--(-10,0) node[above, yshift=-7, xshift=-1] at (-10,65) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $V$};
\draw<2->[-latex, ultra thin] (-10,65)--(-10,120);
% Solid lines
\draw<2->[black, ultra thin] (117,64)--(123,64);
\draw<2->[black, ultra thin] (0,-17)--(0,-23);
\draw<2->[black, ultra thin] (112,-17)--(112,-23);
\draw<2->[black, ultra thin] (-13,0)--(-7,0);
\draw<2->[black, ultra thin] (-13,120)--(-7,120);
% Dashed lines
\draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (112,0)--(112,200);
\draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (60,0)--(60,90) node[below] at (60,0) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $L^*$};
\draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (0,90)--(60,90) node[left, xshift = 2] at (0,90) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $C^*=C'$};
\draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (44,0)--(44,132) node[below] at (44,0) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $L_1$}; \draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (0,132)--(44,132) node[left, xshift = 2] at (0,132) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $C_1$};
\draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (30,0)--(30,90) node[below] at (30,0) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $L'$}; \draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (0,90)--(30,90);
\draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (35.676,0)--(35.676,107.0286) node[below] at (35.676,0) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $L''$};
\draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (0,107.0286)--(35.676,107.0286) node[left, xshift = 2] at (0,107.0286) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $C''$};
\draw<2->[dashed,gray, ultra thin] (90,64)--(112,64) node[above,xshift = 5] at (90,60) {\fontsize{4}{4} \selectfont $w$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
