☰

如何使用 TikZ 将所有节点用线连接起来？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf diagrams
如何使用 TikZ 将所有节点用线连接起来？

我正在研究下图，尝试用多条线连接所有顶点 在此处输入图片描述

是否可以将顶点从 1 编号到 60，然后将它们全部连接在一起？

我的尝试

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \tikzstyle{place}=[circle, draw=blue,fill=yellow!20, minimum size = 8mm]
        
        % Input
        \foreach \x in {1,...,10}
            \draw node at (0, -\x*1.25) [place] (first_\x) {$\x$};
            
\foreach \x in {1,...,10}
            \draw node at (3, -\x*1.25) [place] (first_\x) {$\x$};
            \foreach \x in {1,...,10}
            \node at (0, -\x*1.25) [place] (second_\x){$\x$};
    
\foreach \i in {1,...,10}
            \foreach \j in {1,...,10}
                \draw [->] (first_\i) to (second_\j); 
    \end{tikzpicture}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

在此处输入图片描述

但我正在寻找一种将 60 个顶点连接在一起的概括方法。请帮忙

我的尝试 在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[12pt,longbibliography]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,backgrounds}
\usepgflibrary{shapes.multipart}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \tikzstyle{place}=[circle, draw=black,fill=yellow!20, minimum size = 8mm]
 
        % A1
        \foreach \x in {1,...,10}
            \draw node at (0, -\x*1.25) [place] (A1_\x) {${\x}$};   
        
        % A2
        \foreach \x in {11,...,20}
            \node at (3, -\x*1.25) [place] (A2_\x){$\x$};
        
   
        
        % Output
    \foreach \x in {1,...,10}
            \node at (6, -\x*1.25) [place] (A3_\x){$y_\x$};
    % Input
        \foreach \x in {1,...,10}
            \draw node at (9, -\x*1.25) [place] (A4_\x) {$x_\x$};
        
        
        % Hidden 1
        \foreach \x in {1,...,10}
            \node at (12, -\x*1.25) [place] (A5_\x){$a_\x$};
        
   
        
        % Output
    \foreach \x in {1,...,10}
            \node at (15, -\x*1.25) [place] (A6_\x){$y_\x$};

            
        % A1 -> A2
        \foreach \i in {1,...,10}
            \foreach \j in {11,...,20}
                \draw [->] (A1_\i) to (A2_\j);
   
        %A2 -> A3
        \foreach \i in {11,...,20}
        \foreach \j in {1,...,10}
                \draw [->] (A2_\i) to (A3_\j);
                        
        % A3 -> A4
        \foreach \i in {1,...,10}
            \foreach \j in {1,...,10}
                \draw [->] (A3_\i) to (A4_\j);
   
        %A4 -> A5
        \foreach \i in {1,...,10}
        \foreach \j in {1,...,10}
                \draw [->] (A4_\i) to (A5_\j);
                        
        % A5 -> A6
        \foreach \i in {1,...,10}
            \foreach \j in {1,...,10}
                \draw [->] (A5_\i) to (A6_\j);
  
    \end{tikzpicture}
  
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

我的问题是，当 x 值改变时，顶点的位置也会改变 %A2 -> A3 \foreach \i in {11,...,20} \foreach \j in {1,...,10} \draw [->] (A2_\i) to (A3_\j);

答案1

为此，您需要三个\foreach命令。一个命令将排版 10 个节点，一个命令将重复此操作 6 次（针对每一列），一个命令将节点连接到上一列中的所有节点（第一列中的节点除外）。

在这种情况下，按列号和行号命名节点是有意义的，以便于引用：

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\tikzset{
    place/.style={
        circle, 
        draw=blue,
        fill=yellow!20, 
        minimum size=8mm
    }
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

    % 6 columns
    \foreach \c in {1,...,6} {
        % 10 rows
        \foreach \r in {1,...,10} {
            \node at ({(\c-1)*3},{\r*-1.25}) [place] (n\c_\r) {$\r$};
            % connect this node to all nodes in previous column 
            % except if in first column
            \ifnum\c > 1\relax
                \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\b}{\c-1}
                \foreach \p in {1,...,10} {
                    \draw (n\c_\r) -- (n\b_\p);
                }
            \fi
        }
    }
    
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

使用此设置，很容易更改列数：只需将第一个命令中的相关数字更改为其他数字即可。当然，\foreach如果您想更改每列的节点数，则需要更改其他两个命令中的相关数字。foreach

您可能希望在背景层上打印边缘，以便它们不会与节点重叠：

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}

\tikzset{
    place/.style={
        circle, 
        draw=blue,
        fill=yellow!20, 
        minimum size=8mm
    }
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

    % 6 columns
    \foreach \c in {1,...,6} {
        % 10 rows
        \foreach \r in {1,...,10} {
            \node at ({(\c-1)*3},{\r*-1.25}) [place] (n\c_\r) {$\r$};
            % connect this node to all nodes in previous column 
            % except if in first column
            \ifnum\c > 1\relax
                \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\b}{\c-1}
                \foreach \p in {1,...,10} {
                    \begin{scope}[on background layer] 
                        \draw (n\c_\r) -- (n\b_\p);
                    \end{scope}
                }
            \fi
        }
    }
    
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

节点号从 1 到 60：

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}

\tikzset{
    place/.style={
        circle, 
        draw=blue,
        fill=yellow!20, 
        minimum size=8mm
    }
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

    % 6 columns
    \foreach \c in {1,...,6} {
        % 10 rows
        \foreach \r in {1,...,10} {
            \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\n}{\r+10*(\c-1)}
            \node at ({(\c-1)*3},{\r*-1.25}) [place] (n\c_\r) {$\n$};
            % connect this node to all nodes in previous column 
            % except if in first column
            \ifnum\c > 1\relax
                \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\b}{\c-1}
                \foreach \p in {1,...,10} {
                    \begin{scope}[on background layer] 
                        \draw (n\c_\r) -- (n\b_\p);
                    \end{scope}
                }
            \fi
        }
    }
    
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

而且，因为我非常喜欢\pics，所以\pic实现允许每层有不同数量的顶点：

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\newif\ifneuralnetworkcontinuousnumbering
\neuralnetworkcontinuousnumberingfalse
\newcounter{neuralnetworkvertice}

\tikzset{
    pics/neural network/.style={
        code={
            \tikzset{neural network/.cd, #1}
            \setcounter{neuralnetworkvertice}{0}
            \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\n}{dim({\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/neural network/layers}})-1}
            \foreach \c in {0,...,\n} {
                \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\i}{array({\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/neural network/layers}},\c)}
                \ifnum\c > 0\relax
                    \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\b}{\c-1}
                    \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\j}{array({\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/neural network/layers}},\b)}
                \fi
                \foreach \r in {1,...,\i} {
                    \stepcounter{neuralnetworkvertice}
                    \ifneuralnetworkcontinuousnumbering
                        \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\currvertice}{\value{neuralnetworkvertice}}
                    \else
                        \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\currvertice}{\r}
                    \fi
                    \node[neural network/vertices] 
                        at (
                            {(\c-1)*\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/neural network/x distance}},
                            {(\r-\i/2)*-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/neural network/y distance}}
                        ) (-vertice \c-\r) {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/neural network/vertice contents}};
                    \ifnum\c > 0\relax
                        \foreach \p in {1,...,\j} {
                            \begin{scope}[neural network/edges]
                                \draw (-vertice \b-\p) -- (-vertice \c-\r);
                            \end{scope}
                        }
                    \fi
                }
            }
        }
    },
    neural network/layers/.initial={3,5,2},
    neural network/x distance/.initial={2.5},
    neural network/y distance/.initial={1.25},
    neural network/continuous numbering/.is if={
        neuralnetworkcontinuousnumbering
    },
    neural network/vertice contents/.initial={$\currvertice$},
    neural network/vertices/.style={
        circle, 
        draw=blue,
        fill=yellow!20, 
        minimum size=8mm
    },
    neural network/edges/.style={
        on background layer
    },
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\pic {neural network={layers={3,6,6,10,5}}};

\pic at (0,-10) {neural network={layers={3,6,5}, continuous numbering}};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

代码

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{graphs.standard}
\makeatletter
\tikzgraphsset{
  grid placement/.append style={% sneak temp values out
    placement/compute position/.append code=
      \let\tikzgraphsgridrow\tikz@temp@row
      \let\tikzgraphsgridcol\tikz@temp@col}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\tikz[@/.style={new set={col#1}}, @/.list={0, ..., 5}]
\graph[
  nodes={
    shape=circle, draw=blue, fill=yellow!20,
    set=col\tikzgraphsgridrow,
    align=center, text width=width("00"),},
  grid placement, grow down=1, branch right=2,
]{
  subgraph I_n[n=60, wrap after=10]
} [behind path] graph {
  \foreach[count=\j from 0] \i in {1, ..., 5}{
    (col\j) --[complete bipartite] (col\i)
  }
};
\end{document}

输出

在此处输入图片描述

相关内容