表格中下标位于上标正下方（而不是右侧）

Question

我正在尝试在 Latex 中的表格中将下标置于上标正下方。我使用以下代码：

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{To evaluate the statistical significance of variations in average measures across different countries, we computed p-values using a variety of statistical tests. The subscript numbers \textsubscript{1}, \textsubscript{2}, and \textsubscript{3} represent zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The superscript letters \textsuperscript{a}, \textsuperscript{b}, and \textsuperscript{c} denote the statistical tests ANOVA, T-test, and Welch's T-test, respectively. The Anderson-Darling test checks for data normality, while the ANOVA and T-tests are parametric tests for mean differences between groups. A p-value indicates the likelihood of observing the calculated mean value (or a more extreme value) if the null hypothesis is true; a low p-value (typically <0.05) suggests that the differences are statistically significant.}
\label{tab:NewPValues}
\begin{tabular}{@{}l S[table-format=1.3]S[table-format=1.3]S[table-format=1.3] | l S[table-format=1.3]S[table-format=1.3]S[table-format=1.3]@{}}
\toprule
\multicolumn{4}{c|}{\textbf{1928 - 1979}} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{1995}} \\
\textbf{p\textsuperscript{a}\textsubscript{a-b-c}} & {\textbf{Country}} & {\textbf{p\textsuperscript{b}}} & {\textbf{p\textsuperscript{c}}} & \textbf{p\textsuperscript{a}\textsubscript{a-b-c}} & {\textbf{Country}} & {\textbf{p\textsuperscript{b}}} & {\textbf{p\textsuperscript{c}}} \\
\midrule
0.256 & {a - b} & 0.049 & 0.115 & 0.467 & {a - b} & 0.321 & 0.874 \\
 & {b - c} & 0.198 & 0.572 &  & {b - c} & 0.164 & 0.531 \\
 & {a - c} & 0.087 & 0.293 &  & {a - c} & 0.212 & 0.689 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\begin{tablenotes}
\small
\item 
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}

`

生成的表格如下：

如您所见，下标 abc 位于上标 a 的右侧。我希望下标位于上标下方，并从完全相同的水平位置开始。有人知道如何实现吗？

我正在使用 Overleaf.com，其设置如下：

Answer 1

我建议你改变两个实例

\textbf{p\textsuperscript{a}\textsubscript{a-b-c}}

到

\textbf{p}\textsuperscript{\rlap{\kern0.5pt\textbf{a}}}\textsubscript{\textbf{a-b-c}}

---

另一个想法：假设p表示“p 值”，我不明白为什么你使用粗体和文本模式而不是数学模式。例如，你为什么不放弃（边缘粗俗的样子）大胆的并写下$p^{a}_{\text{a-b-c}}$？（\text是包提供的宏amsmath。）

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\textbf{p}\textsuperscript{\rlap{\kern0.5pt\textbf{a}}}\textsubscript{\textbf{a-b-c}} 
\end{document}

Answer 2

您需要类似\textsubsuperscript定义的内容，类似于配套命令。无需猜测要备份多少。

我建议使用它\cmidrule来更好地理解顶部标题所指的是哪些列，而不是垂直规则。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{threeparttable,booktabs,siunitx}

\makeatletter
\NewDocumentCommand{\textsubsuperscript}{mm}{%
  {% start a group
   \m@th % no \mathsurround
   \ensuremath{% enter math mode
     _{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\sf@size\selectfont #1}}% subscript
     ^{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\sf@size\selectfont #2}}% superscript
   }% exit math mode
  }% close the group
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering

\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{To evaluate the statistical significance of variations in
  average measures across different countries, we computed p-values
  using a variety of statistical tests. The subscript numbers
  \textsubscript{1}, \textsubscript{2}, and \textsubscript{3} represent
  zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The superscript letters
  \textsuperscript{a}, \textsuperscript{b}, and \textsuperscript{c}
  denote the statistical tests ANOVA, T-test, and Welch's T-test,
  respectively. The Anderson-Darling test checks for data normality,
  while the ANOVA and T-tests are parametric tests for mean differences
  between groups. A p-value indicates the likelihood of observing the
  calculated mean value (or a more extreme value) if the null hypothesis
  is true; a low p-value (typically $<0.05$) suggests that the differences
  are statistically significant.}
\label{tab:NewPValues}

\begin{tabular}{
  @{}
  l
  S[table-format=1.3]
  S[table-format=1.3]S[table-format=1.3]
  l
  S[table-format=1.3]S[table-format=1.3]
  S[table-format=1.3]
  @{}
}
\toprule
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{1928 -- 1979}} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\textbf{1995}} \\
\cmidrule(r){1-4} \cmidrule(l){5-8}
\textbf{p\textsubsuperscript{a-b-c}{a}} &
{\textbf{Country}} &
{\textbf{p\textsuperscript{b}}} &
{\textbf{p\textsuperscript{c}}} &
\textbf{p\textsubsuperscript{a-b-c}{a}} &
{\textbf{Country}} &
{\textbf{p\textsuperscript{b}}} &
{\textbf{p\textsuperscript{c}}} \\
\midrule
0.256 & {a - b} & 0.049 & 0.115 & 0.467 & {a - b} & 0.321 & 0.874 \\
      & {b - c} & 0.198 & 0.572 &       & {b - c} & 0.164 & 0.531 \\
      & {a - c} & 0.087 & 0.293 &       & {a - c} & 0.212 & 0.689 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

\begin{tablenotes}
\small
\item Something here to see that there are notes
\end{tablenotes}

\end{threeparttable}

\end{table}

\end{document}