我想建立一个大而长的表格，但它看起来很小，并且单元格中的文本不可读

Question

因此，如果我制作一个正常小的表格，一切都很好。我还知道“侧向表格”的诀窍，如果我想在表格中放置太多行，当然页面的宽度最终会结束，所以我必须将其放在侧面。但是，在这种情况下，我试图构建一个 10*7 的表格。我不希望它是横向的。我假设它需要一整页的长度-高度，但这并不重要。如果我想让表格连续适合 4、5 甚至 10 页，这一定是可能的。就像在其他编辑器中一样，例如 Word 等。在我的例子中，在下面的代码中，结果结果是表格（以我想要的形式），但它太小了，单元格内的文本无法正确显示。我可以调整宽度，但我无法对长度-高度做任何事情。我弄清楚了命令，\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{8}但它导致了不同的混乱。表格最终变大了，但是单词以及单元格中的字母总体上没有任何改变。

简单地说，正如我所看到的，桌子具有相同的空间，无论是 3x3 还是 10x7，这就是为什么如果我尝试制作一张大桌子，它只会出现在一张小桌子的空间中。

请帮我构建如链接第 5 页所示的表格： https://docplayer.net/20821469-Bacterial-classification-structure-and-function.html 这是我论文中想要包含的同一张表，这只是一个例子。我希望能够学习如何构建这样的表格。

我没有包含命令，\usepackage{}因为我有太多命令，我不知道应该在这里包含哪些命令，但我非常确定我拥有所有必要的软件包。另外，我正在用 XelaTeX 编写。

\documentclass[twoside, a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage[figuresright]{rotating}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.2}
 
\usepackage[top=2.5cm, left=2.5cm, right=2.5cm, bottom=2.5cm, headheight=1.25cm, footskip=1.25cm, margin=1in]{geometry}
 
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english, greek]{babel}
\usepackage{ragged2e}

\justifying

\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\hypersetup{
    colorlinks=true,
    linkcolor=black,
    citecolor=black,
    filecolor=black,      
    urlcolor=black,
    pdftitle={},
    pdfauthor={},
    pdfpagemode=FullScreen,
    }
\urlstyle{same}

\setmainfont{Times New Roman}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}

\usepackage{alphabeta}

\usepackage{afterpage}
\usepackage{esint}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{ {./Images/} }
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{appendix}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{cite}
\usepackage{minted}

\setlength{\parindent}{0em}

\usepackage{caption}
\captionsetup[figure]{name=Figure}
\captionsetup[table]{name=Table}

\usepackage{float}

\usepackage{chngcntr}
\counterwithin{table}{section}
\counterwithin{figure}{section}

\newenvironment{dedication}
  {\clearpage           
   \thispagestyle{empty} 
   \vspace*{\stretch{1}} 
   \itshape              
   \raggedleft          
  }
  {\par 
   \vspace{\stretch{3}} 
   \clearpage           
}

\renewenvironment{abstract}
{\par\noindent\textbf{\abstractname}\\ [0.4cm] \ignorespaces}

\usepackage{titlesec}
\titleformat{\section}
{\normalfont\LARGE\bfseries}{Chapter~\thesection :}{1em}{}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[hbt]
    \centering
    \tabcolsep=0.5cm
    \begin{adjustbox}{width=1.1 \textwidth}
    \begin{tabular}{||c|c|c|c|c|c||}
        \hline
        \multicolumn{6}{||c||}{\textbf{\textit{Gram Positive Bacteria}}} \\
        \hline\hline
        \textbf{Name} & \textbf{Morphology} & \textbf{$O_2$ requirements} & \textbf{Commensal} & \textbf{Reservoirs / Sites of Colonization, Transmission} & \textbf{Types of Infections} \\ \hline
        Staphylococci & Cocci in grape-like clusters & facultative anaerobe & Yes & Skin, nares / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Soft tissue, bone, joint, endocarditis, food poisoning \\ \hline
        Streptococci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Oropharynx, skin / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Skin, pharyngitis, endocarditis, toxic shock \\ \hline
        Pneumonococci & Diplococci, lancet shaped & facultative anaerobe & Yes / No & Oropharynx, sinus / aerosol & Pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, meningitis \\ \hline
        Enterococci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Yes & GI tract / endogenous, direct contact & UTI, GI, catheter-related infections \\ \hline
        Bacilli & Rods, spore-forming & aerobic & Yes / No & Soil, air, water, animals / aerosol, contact & Anthrax, food poisoning, catheter-related infections \\ \hline
        Clostridia & Rods, spore formers & anaerobic & Some Species & GI tract, soil / Breach of skin, endogenous, ingestion & Tteanus, diarrhea, gas gangrene, botulism \\ \hline
        Corynebacterium & Rods, nonspore forming & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Skin & Catheter-related infections, diphtheria \\ \hline
        Listeria & Rods, nonspore formers & facultative anaerobe & No & Animals, food products / Ingestion & Meningitis \\ \hline
        Actinomyces & Irregular, filamentous, form sulfur granules & anaerobic & Yes & GI tract / endogenous & Skin, soft tissue \\ \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \end{adjustbox}
    \caption{Gram Positive Bacteria.}
    \label{Tab:Gram Positive Bacteria}
    \end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 1

我会选择以下

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[hbt]
\centering
\caption{Gram Positive Bacteria. \cite{Bacterial_Classification}}
\label{Tab:Gram Positive Bacteria}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\small
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ p{5em} >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X p{5em} p{5em} >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X }
    \toprule
    Name & Morphology & O\textsubscript{2} requirements & Commensal & Reservoirs / Sites of Colonization, Transmission & Types of Infections \\ \midrule
    Staphylo\-cocci & Cocci in grape-like clusters & facultative anaerobe & Yes & Skin, nares / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Soft tissue, bone, joint, endocarditis, food poisoning \\
    Strepto\-cocci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Oropharynx, skin / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Skin, pharyngitis, endocarditis, toxic shock \\
    Pneumono\-cocci & Diplococci, lancet shaped & facultative anaerobe & Yes / No & Oropharynx, sinus / aerosol & Pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, meningitis \\
    Entero\-cocci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Yes & GI tract / endogenous, direct contact & UTI, GI, catheter-related infections \\
    Bacilli & Rods, spore-forming & aerobic & Yes / No & Soil, air, water, animals / aerosol, contact & Anthrax, food poisoning, catheter-related infections \\
    Clostridia & Rods, spore formers & anaerobic & Some Species & GI tract, soil / Breach of skin, endogenous, ingestion & Tteanus, diarrhea, gas gangrene, botulism \\
    Coryne\-bacterium & Rods, nonspore forming & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Skin & Catheter-related infections, diphtheria \\
    Listeria & Rods, nonspore formers & facultative anaerobe & No & Animals, food products / Ingestion & Meningitis \\
    Actinomyces & Irregular, filamentous, form sulfur granules & anaerobic & Yes & GI tract / endogenous & Skin, soft tissue \\\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}

主要变化：

• 第 1、3 和 4 列宽度固定，其他列可以占用剩余空间
• 使用书标，删除所有垂直线和大部分水平线
• 将标题移至顶部并删除冗余内容
• 展开行（\arraystretch）
• 使用较小的字体（\small）
• 告诉 TeX 如何对第一列中的单词进行连字符连接

Answer 2

欢迎来到 TeX.SE！

• 您应该提供有关文档的更多信息（使用的文档类别、页面布局等），它们会影响表格布局！
• 在我看来，第一行实际上是表格标题，无论如何我把它放在表格主体中。
• 对于长表，您需要使用专用于编写长表的包之一，例如longtable，，等等。xltabulartabularray
• MWE（最小工作示例）是一个小但完整、可编译的文档，其中包含您的表格（我们期望在您的问题中出现），使用longtblr`tabularray 包可以是：

\documentclass{article}
%--------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%
\usepackage{lipsum}                              % for dummy text
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
\usepackage{newtxtext, newtxmath}

\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{tabularray}

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-4]

    \begin{longtblr}[
caption = {caption},
  label = {longtab} ]{hlines, vlines,
                      cells   = {font=\footnotesize\sffamily},
                      colspec = {X[c] *{3}{X[0.8,c]} *{2}{X[1.5,c]}},
                      colsep  = {2pt},
                      cell{1}{1} = {c=6}{},
                      row{1,2}  = {c, font=\bfseries\itshape},
                      rowhead = 2}
Gram Positive Bacteria      \\
Name    &   Morphology  & \ce{O2} requirements 
        &   Commensal   &   Reservoirs / Sites of Colonization, Transmission  
        &   Types of Infections \\

Staphylococci & Cocci in grape-like clusters & facultative anaerobe & Yes & Skin, nares / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Soft tissue, bone, joint, endocarditis, food poisoning \\

Streptococci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Oropharynx, skin / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Skin, pharyngitis, endocarditis, toxic shock \\
Pneumonococci & Diplococci, lancet shaped & facultative anaerobe & Yes / No & Oropharynx, sinus / aerosol & Pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, meningitis \\ 
Enterococci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Yes & GI tract / endogenous, direct contact & UTI, GI, catheter-related infections \\ 
Bacilli & Rods, spore-forming & aerobic & Yes / No & Soil, air, water, animals / aerosol, contact & Anthrax, food poisoning, catheter-related infections \\ 
Clostridia & Rods, spore formers & anaerobic & Some Species & GI tract, soil / Breach of skin, endogenous, ingestion & Tteanus, diarrhea, gas gangrene, botulism \\ 
Corynebacterium & Rods, nonspore forming & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Skin & Catheter-related infections, diphtheria \\ 

Listeria & Rods, nonspore formers & facultative anaerobe & No & Animals, food products / Ingestion & Meningitis \\  
Actinomyces & Irregular, filamentous, form sulfur granules & anaerobic & Yes & GI tract / endogenous & Skin, soft tissue \\  
    \end{longtblr}

\end{document}

• 表格是故意插入到文本中的，以便将其分成两页，以查看长表格的工作原理。
• 表格中使用的是无衬线字体，就像给定链接中显示的表格中使用的一样。
• 不清楚标题是否应该有标签。
• 如果你打算在某些期刊上发表你的论文，他们可能会提供模板和说明，告诉你如何准备论文。使用它们。
• 在我看来，@Teepeemm 的回答展示了表格的专业外观。这种设计longtblr也可以用表格轻松实现（如果您感兴趣，我可以提供）。

附录：
“专业”表的示例（没有垂直线，使用booktabs库/包。

编辑：

• 现在被视为您的页面布局，并使用\usepackage[english, greek]{babel}和 \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}（与包冲突fontspec，因此我不使用它，
• 我宁愿使用字体来表示数学表达式，而不是Times New Roman字体（如果我没记错的话，它已经过时了） 。newtxtextnewtxmath
• MWE 我xelatext按照你的要求用引擎编译。结果如下所示。

\documentclass[twoside, a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm, 
            headheight=1.25cm, footskip=1.25cm]{geometry}
%--------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%
\usepackage{lipsum}                              % for dummy text
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{newtxtext, newtxmath}
\usepackage[english, greek]{babel}

\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-4]

    \begin{longtblr}[
caption = {caption},
  label = {longtab} ]{cells   = {font=\footnotesize\sffamily},
                      colspec = {@{} X[c] *{3}{X[0.8,c]} *{2}{X[1.5,c]} @{}},
                      colsep  = {2pt},
                      cell{1}{1} = {c=6}{},
                      row{1,2}  = {c, font=\bfseries\itshape},
                      rowhead = 2}
    \toprule
Gram Positive Bacteria      \\
    \midrule
Name    &   Morphology  & \ce{O2} requirements
        &   Commensal   &   Reservoirs / Sites of Colonization, Transmission
        &   Types of Infections \\
    \midrule
Staphylococci & Cocci in grape-like clusters & facultative anaerobe & Yes & Skin, nares / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Soft tissue, bone, joint, endocarditis, food poisoning \\

Streptococci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Oropharynx, skin / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Skin, pharyngitis, endocarditis, toxic shock \\
Pneumonococci & Diplococci, lancet shaped & facultative anaerobe & Yes / No & Oropharynx, sinus / aerosol & Pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, meningitis \\
Enterococci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Yes & GI tract / endogenous, direct contact & UTI, GI, catheter-related infections \\
Bacilli & Rods, spore-forming & aerobic & Yes / No & Soil, air, water, animals / aerosol, contact & Anthrax, food poisoning, catheter-related infections \\
Clostridia & Rods, spore formers & anaerobic & Some Species & GI tract, soil / Breach of skin, endogenous, ingestion & Tetanus, diarrhea, gas gangrene, botulism \\
Corynebacterium & Rods, nonspore forming & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Skin & Catheter-related infections, diphtheria \\

Listeria & Rods, nonspore formers & facultative anaerobe & No & Animals, food products / Ingestion & Meningitis \\
Actinomyces & Irregular, filamentous, form sulfur granules & anaerobic & Yes & GI tract / endogenous & Skin, soft tissue \\
    \bottomrule
    \end{longtblr}
\end{document}

Answer 3

不要使用adjustbox。使用p列和较小的字体大小。（最佳值取决于您的字体和您未显示的页面布局：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{caption}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\caption{caption}
\small 
\noindent\begin{tabular}{||>{\raggedright\hspace{0pt}}p{1.5cm}|>{\raggedright}p{2cm}|>{\raggedright}p{2cm}|c|>{\raggedright}p{2cm}|>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{3cm}||} 
    \hline
    \multicolumn{6}{||c||}{\textbf{\textit{Gram Positive Bacteria}}} \\
    \hline\hline
    \textbf{Name} & \textbf{Morphology} & \textbf{$O_2$ requirements} & \textbf{Commensal} & \textbf{Reservoirs / Sites of Colonization, Transmission} & \textbf{Types of Infections} \\ \hline
    Staphylococci & Cocci in grape-like clusters & facultative anaerobe & Yes & Skin, nares / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Soft tissue, bone, joint, endocarditis, food poisoning \\ \hline
    Streptococci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Oropharynx, skin / endogenous, direct contact, aerosol & Skin, pharyngitis, endocarditis, toxic shock \\ \hline
    Pneumonococci & Diplococci, lancet shaped & facultative anaerobe & Yes / No & Oropharynx, sinus / aerosol & Pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, meningitis \\ \hline
    Enterococci & Cocci in pairs, chains & facultative anaerobe & Yes & GI tract / endogenous, direct contact & UTI, GI, catheter-related infections \\ \hline
    Bacilli & Rods, spore-forming & aerobic & Yes / No & Soil, air, water, animals / aerosol, contact & Anthrax, food poisoning, catheter-related infections \\ \hline
    Clostridia & Rods, spore formers & anaerobic & Some Species & GI tract, soil / Breach of skin, endogenous, ingestion & Tteanus, diarrhea, gas gangrene, botulism \\ \hline
    Corynebacterium & Rods, nonspore forming & facultative anaerobe & Some species & Skin & Catheter-related infections, diphtheria \\ \hline
    Listeria & Rods, nonspore formers & facultative anaerobe & No & Animals, food products / Ingestion & Meningitis \\ \hline
    Actinomyces & Irregular, filamentous, form sulfur granules & anaerobic & Yes & GI tract / endogenous & Skin, soft tissue \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}