☰

Latex 积分符号非常短

tag-icon • tag-icon pdftex integral
Latex 积分符号非常短

我对乳胶还不太熟悉，我正在尝试写一个带有积分的方程。

如下图所示，产生的积分符号\int \dee x与被积函数相比看起来非常小。

在此处输入图片描述

vscode（我用来编辑文件的 IDE）生成的预览显示了所需的输出。

在此处输入图片描述

无效的解决方案

  • 我读过多个类似问题后，最接近的方法是使用\displaystyle。唯一的缺点是使用\displaystyle插入了不需要的行距。
  • 我尝试使用该bigints包，但是却无法编译乳胶文件。

目标 生成适当大小的积分符号，而无需对布局进行任何其他更改（例如增加行距），并且易于复制和实现（是的，我可以找到一些复杂的方法来改变一切并目测我想要的东西，但必须有一种更好的方法来增加抽象。）

pdflatex --version如果相关的话，这是输出。

zain@ubuntu:~/University$ pdflatex --version
pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.25 (TeX Live 2023/Debian)
kpathsea version 6.3.5
Copyright 2023 Han The Thanh (pdfTeX) et al.
There is NO warranty.  Redistribution of this software is covered by the terms of both the pdfTeX copyright and the Lesser GNU General Public License.
For more information about these matters, see the file named COPYING and the pdfTeX source.
Primary author of pdfTeX: Han The Thanh (pdfTeX) et al.
Compiled with libpng 1.6.40; using libpng 1.6.40
Compiled with zlib 1.2.13; using zlib 1.2.13
Compiled with xpdf version 4.04

编辑

谢谢大家的回复，据我所知，我的问题不太清楚，所以我将在这里详细说明。

以下是我的文档的完整代码（不含/displaystyle）：

\usepackage[letterpaper, margin=0.05in]{geometry}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{xcolor,colortbl}
\usepackage{bigints}
\newcommand{\dee}{\mathop{\mathrm{d}\!}}

\begin{document}
\begin{multicols}{2}
    \section{Known Derivatives}
        \begin{enumerate}
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} k= 0$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} x= 1$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} x^2 = 2x$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} x^3 = 3x^2$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} x^n = nx^{n-1}$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} e^x = e^x$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} e^{kx} = ke^{kx}$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \ln(x) = \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \log_e(x) = \dfrac{1}{x}$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \sin x = \cos x$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \cos x = -\sin x$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \cos k x = -k \sin kx$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \tan x = \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \dfrac{\sin x}{\cos x} =\sec^2 x $
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \tan kx = k\sec^2kx$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \csc x = \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \dfrac{1}{\sin x} = - \csc x \cot x$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \sec x = \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} = \sec x \tan x$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \cot x = \dfrac{\cos x}{\sin x} = - \csc^2 x$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \arcsin x = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \arccos x = -\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$
            \item $\dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \arctan x = \dfrac{1}{1+x^2}$
        \end{enumerate}
    \columnbreak
    \section{Known Integrals}
    \begin{enumerate}
        \item $\int [af(x)+bg(x)] \dee x = a\int f(x)\ \dee{x}+b\int g(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\int [f(x)+g(x)] \dee x = \int f(x)\ \dee{x}+\int g(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\int [f(x)-g(x)] \dee x = \int f(x)\ \dee{x}-\int g(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\int af(x) \dee x = a\int f(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\int u(x)v'(x) \dee x = u(x)v(x)-\int u'(x)v(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\int f\big(y(x)\big)y'(x) \dee x = F\big(y(x)\big)\\\hbox{ where }F(y)=\int f(y)\ \dee{y}$
        \item $\int a \dee x = ax\ +\ C$
        \item $\int x^a \dee x = \frac{x^{a+1}}{a+1}+C\hbox{ if }a\ne-1$
        \item $\int \dfrac{1}{x} \dee x = \ln|x|+C$
        \item $\int [g(x)^ag'(x)] \dee x= \frac{g(x)^{a+1}}{a+1}+C\hbox{ if }a\ne -1$
        \item $\int \dee x$
    \end{enumerate}
\end{multicols}
\end{document}

以下是渲染图

在此处输入图片描述

添加 displaystyle 后渲染效果如下： 在此处输入图片描述

如您所见，积分的大小更合适，但线条之间有很多不必要的空间。我希望线条间距与第一次渲染相似，积分符号与第二次渲染相似。

  • 基本上，我（希望）寻找的实现类似于\left[\right]它如何调整高度以匹配其内容的上下文。

答案1

您显示的间距不是由于\displaystyle（或至少不是直接由于）您有平衡的列，因此 tex 会拉伸空白以使它们的长度相等。如果您使用multicols*不平衡的列，并且使用\newcolumnnot \columnbreak，则会得到

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[letterpaper, margin=0.05in]{geometry}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{xcolor,colortbl}
\usepackage{bigints}
\newcommand{\dee}{\mathop{\mathrm{d}\!}}

\begin{document}
\begin{multicols*}{2}
  \section{Known Derivatives}
        \begin{enumerate}
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} k= 0$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} x= 1$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} x^2 = 2x$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} x^3 = 3x^2$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} x^n = nx^{n-1}$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} e^x = e^x$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} e^{kx} = ke^{kx}$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \ln(x) = \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \log_e(x) = \dfrac{1}{x}$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \sin x = \cos x$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \cos x = -\sin x$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \cos k x = -k \sin kx$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \tan x = \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \dfrac{\sin x}{\cos x} =\sec^2 x $
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \tan kx = k\sec^2kx$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \csc x = \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \dfrac{1}{\sin x} = - \csc x \cot x$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \sec x = \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} = \sec x \tan x$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \cot x = \dfrac{\cos x}{\sin x} = - \csc^2 x$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \arcsin x = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \arccos x = -\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$
            \item $\displaystyle \dfrac{\dee}{\dee x} \arctan x = \dfrac{1}{1+x^2}$
        \end{enumerate}
    \newcolumn
    \section{Known Integrals}
    \begin{enumerate}
        \item $\displaystyle \int [af(x)+bg(x)] \dee x = a\int f(x)\ \dee{x}+b\int g(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\displaystyle \int [f(x)+g(x)] \dee x = \int f(x)\ \dee{x}+\int g(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\displaystyle \int [f(x)-g(x)] \dee x = \int f(x)\ \dee{x}-\int g(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\displaystyle \int af(x) \dee x = a\int f(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\displaystyle \int u(x)v'(x) \dee x = u(x)v(x)-\int u'(x)v(x)\ \dee{x}\ +\ C$
        \item $\displaystyle \int f\big(y(x)\big)y'(x) \dee x = F\big(y(x)\big)\\\hbox{ where }F(y)=\int f(y)\ \dee{y}$
        \item $\displaystyle \int a \dee x = ax\ +\ C$
        \item $\displaystyle \int x^a \dee x = \frac{x^{a+1}}{a+1}+C\hbox{ if }a\ne-1$
        \item $\displaystyle \int \dfrac{1}{x} \dee x = \ln|x|+C$
        \item $\displaystyle \int [g(x)^ag'(x)] \dee x= \frac{g(x)^{a+1}}{a+1}+C\hbox{ if }a\ne -1$
        \item $\displaystyle \int \dee x$
    \end{enumerate}
\end{multicols*}
\end{document}

相关内容