将两个并排的图表与页面的绝对中心对齐

Question

我总是无法让图表正确居中。它们似乎总是错开到页面的右侧。请注意示例图像如何完美居中，就好像它们是单个图形一样，但图表却不是。它们的标题似乎正确居中，但图表相对于标题而言是不平衡的。我尝试使用 minipages 和 makeboxes 等来修复它，但我无法弄清楚。解决方案是什么？干杯。

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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\definecolor{NR}{HTML}{D43F3A}
\definecolor{NO}{HTML}{EE9336}
\definecolor{NY}{HTML}{FDC431}
\definecolor{NG}{HTML}{3FAE49}
\definecolor{NB}{HTML}{0071B9}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\pgfkeys{/donut/.cd,
inner radius/.initial=1cm,
inner radius=1cm,
outer radius/.initial=3.14cm,
outer radius=3.14cm,
text color/.initial=white,
text color=white}
\newcommand{\donutchart}[2][]{% Calculate total
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\totalnum}{0}
   \foreach [count=\n] \value/\colour/\name in {#2} {
     \pgfmathparse{\value+\totalnum}
     \global\let\totalnum=\pgfmathresult
     \xdef\numitems{\n}}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
  \pgfmathsetmacro{\wheelwidth}{\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer
  radius}-\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius}}
  \pgfmathsetmacro{\midradius}{(\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}
  +\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius})/2}
  \begin{scope}[#1]
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\cumnum}{0}
    \foreach \value/\colour/\name in {#2} {
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\newcumnum}{\cumnum + \value/\totalnum*360}
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\midangle}{-(\cumnum+\newcumnum)/2}
        \begin{scope}[on background layer]
          \filldraw[draw=white,fill=\colour]
          (-\cumnum:\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}) 
          arc(-\cumnum:-(\newcumnum):\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}) --
          (-\newcumnum:\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius}) 
          arc(-\newcumnum:-(\cumnum):\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius}) -- cycle;
        \end{scope}
        \draw node [text=\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/text color}, 
        font=\bfseries\sffamily] at 
        (\midangle:{\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius}+\wheelwidth/2}) {\name};
        \global\let\cumnum=\newcumnum}
  \end{scope}
  \end{tikzpicture}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
        \centering
        \donutchart[rotate=45,]{1/NR/, 1/NO/, 20/NY/, 5/NG/, 73/NB/} 
        \caption{Caption 1}
    \end{minipage}\hfill
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
        \centering
        \donutchart[rotate=45]{1/NR/, 1/NO/, 20/NY/, 5/NG/, 73/NB/}
        \caption{Caption 2}
    \end{minipage}\hfill
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{example-image-a}
        \caption{Caption 3}
    \end{minipage}\hfill
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{example-image-b}
        \caption{Caption 4}
    \end{minipage}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{document}

---

参考：

在饼图/环形图中的每个扇区后绘制一条白线/间隙
如何在 Overleaf 中创建环形图？

Answer 1

有三条评论，均属实：

1. 虚假空间；
2. 对边界框有贡献的空节点；
3. 正如扎尔科 (Zarko) 所指出的，您的尺寸太大，不适合。

然而，根据我的发现，主要的影响是圆弧的边界框计算是错误的。圆弧越长，问题就越严重。长圆弧在左边，所以这会导致向右的大幅偏移。所以我通过手动剪切圆的正确边界框解决了这个问题。除此之外，

1. 我通过向上移动来处理空间\begin{tikzpicture}。
2. 确保仅当节点不为空时才会添加节点。
3. 稍微减小了尺寸。

结果是

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\definecolor{NR}{HTML}{D43F3A}
\definecolor{NO}{HTML}{EE9336}
\definecolor{NY}{HTML}{FDC431}
\definecolor{NG}{HTML}{3FAE49}
\definecolor{NB}{HTML}{0071B9}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\pgfkeys{/donut/.cd,
inner radius/.initial=1cm,
inner radius=1cm,
outer radius/.initial=3.14cm,
outer radius=0.5\textwidth-0.5*\pgflinewidth,
text color/.initial=white,
text color=white}
\newcommand{\donutchart}[2][]{% Calculate total
  \begin{tikzpicture}
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\totalnum}{0}
   \foreach [count=\n] \value/\colour/\name in {#2} {
     \pgfmathparse{\value+\totalnum}
     \global\let\totalnum=\pgfmathresult
     \xdef\numitems{\n}}
  \pgfmathsetmacro{\wheelwidth}{\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer
  radius}-\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius}}
  \pgfmathsetmacro{\midradius}{(\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}
  +\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius})/2}
  \path (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}-\pgflinewidth/2,
          -\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}-\pgflinewidth/2) coordinate(bl)
          (\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}+\pgflinewidth/2,
          \pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}+\pgflinewidth/2) coordinate (tr);
  \begin{scope}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\cumnum}{0}
    \foreach \value/\colour/\name in {#2} {
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\newcumnum}{\cumnum + \value/\totalnum*360}
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\midangle}{-(\cumnum+\newcumnum)/2}
        \begin{scope}[on background layer]
          \clip (bl) rectangle (tr);
          \filldraw[draw=white,fill=\colour,#1]
          (-\cumnum:\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}) 
          arc(-\cumnum:-(\newcumnum):\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/outer radius}) --
          (-\newcumnum:\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius}) 
          arc(-\newcumnum:-(\cumnum):\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius}) -- cycle;
        \end{scope}
        \ifx\name\empty
        \else
         \draw node [text=\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/text color}, 
         font=\bfseries\sffamily] at 
         (\midangle:{\pgfkeysvalueof{/donut/inner radius}+\wheelwidth/2}) {\name};
        \fi
        \global\let\cumnum=\newcumnum}
  \end{scope}
  \end{tikzpicture}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
        \centering
        \donutchart[rotate=45,]{1/NR/, 1/NO/, 20/NY/, 5/NG/, 73/NB/} 
        \caption{Caption 1}
    \end{minipage}\hfill
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
        \centering
        \donutchart[rotate=45]{1/NR/, 1/NO/, 20/NY/, 5/NG/, 73/NB/}
        \caption{Caption 2}
    \end{minipage}\hfill
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{example-image-a}
        \caption{Caption 3}
    \end{minipage}\hfill
    \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{example-image-b}
        \caption{Caption 4}
    \end{minipage}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{document}