我有一个旧的 Joomla! 网站，我想将其转换为一组静态的 html 页面（因为它不再更新，而且我不想为一些永远不会更新的东西运行 MySQL 数据库而产生开销）。
是否有一个命令行工具可以基本上抓取并下载整个面向前端的网站？
答案1
我刚刚用以下命令从旧的 Joomla 创建了静态页面：
wget --adjust-extension --mirror --page-requisites --convert-links http://my.domain.com
它的简短版本是：
wget -E -m -p -k http://my.domain.com
这将保存带有.hml扩展名的页面，并将获取页面所需的（几乎）全部css、和图像文件。js
但我希望我的静态镜像具有与原始镜像相同的链接。因此文件名不能带有扩展名.html，这使我删除了该-E选项。
然后我发现如果不使用 ，-p选项 (和) 的工作方式会不一样。但使用和仍然是获取大部分 的最佳方式。因此，我先用它提取文件，删除所有文件，然后在没有 的情况下再次提取文件。-k-E-E-ppage-requisites.html-E
由于-k不带选项-E也无法转换所有链接，因此我不得不进行一些替换。所用命令的完整列表如下：
# To get almost every thing:
wget --adjust-extension --mirror --page-requisites --convert-links http://my.dommain.com
# Remove files ending with .html:
find my.dommain.com/ -name '*.html*' -exec rm {} \;
# Get pages without .html extension:
wget --mirror --page-requisites --convert-links http://my.dommain.com
# Check if there are unconverted absolute URL and which are:
grep -lr "http:\/\/my.dommain.com" my.dommain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -ne '/http:\/\/my\.dommain\.com/s/.*"http:\/\/\([^"]*\).*/http:\/\/\1/p' | sort -u
# Unconverted absolute URL correspond to missing needed files, so get them:
grep -lr "http:\/\/my.dommain.com" my.dommain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -ne '/http:\/\/my\.dommain\.com/s/.*"http:\/\/\([^"]*\).*/http:\/\/\1/p' | sort -u | wget -x -i -
# Then, converter all missing absolute URL to relative:
grep -lr “http:\/\/my.domain.com” my.domain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -i -e '/http:\/\/my\.domain\.com/s/http:\/\/my\.domain\.com\/\([^"]*\)/\1/g'
# Converter all URL with "?" into its URL encoding equivalent (%3F):
grep -lr –exclude=*.{css,js} '=\s\{0,1\}”[^?"]*?[^"]*”' my.domain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -i -e '/\(=\s\{0,1\}”[^?"]*\)?\([^"]*”\)/s/\(=\s\{0,1\}”[^?"]*\)?\([^"]*”\)/\1%3F\2/g'
当我在我的域中的路径下镜像一个站点时，我最终得到了这个文件：
my.domain.com/subsite/index.html
index.html第二个命令删除了该目录，但没问题。当我运行第二个命令时wget，它创建了一个与目录同名的文件，并且index.php里面有一个，例如：
my.domain.com/subsite.1
my.domain.com/subsite/index.php
...并将（至少部分）主页链接转换为subsite.1。如果所有主页链接都相同，则只需要这两个文件中的一个。 并且index.php是最佳选择，因为当客户端请求 时会自动提供它http://my.domain.com/subsite。
为了解决这个问题我运行了：
# To verify if there were links to subsite.1:
grep -r 'subsite\.1' my.domain.com/
# To convert links from subsite.1 to subsite:
grep -lr 'subsite\.1' my.domain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -i -e '/subsite\.1/s/\(subsite\)\.1/\1/g'
# Then I could delete the "duplicated" index file:
rm my.domain.com/subsite.1
最后用一个网页开发工具（firebug）发现还是少了一些javascript或者css引入的文件，我一个一个的找了出来。
答案2
wget 通常可以工作。
GNU 页面：https://www.gnu.org/software/wget
维基百科：http://wget.addictivecode.org
例子：
执行以下命令：http://www.acmecorp.com
将在您当前目录下创建一个名为 www.acmecorp.com 的目录，并递归下载所有内容。
有无数种选择。
wget --help
GNU Wget 1.11.1, a non-interactive network retriever.
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Startup:
-V, --version display the version of Wget and exit.
-h, --help print this help.
-b, --background go to background after startup.
-e, --execute=COMMAND execute a `.wgetrc'-style command.
Logging and input file:
-o, --output-file=FILE log messages to FILE.
-a, --append-output=FILE append messages to FILE.
-d, --debug print lots of debugging information.
-q, --quiet quiet (no output).
-v, --verbose be verbose (this is the default).
-nv, --no-verbose turn off verboseness, without being quiet.
-i, --input-file=FILE download URLs found in FILE.
-F, --force-html treat input file as HTML.
-B, --base=URL prepends URL to relative links in -F -i file.
Download:
-t, --tries=NUMBER set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits).
--retry-connrefused retry even if connection is refused.
-O, --output-document=FILE write documents to FILE.
-nc, --no-clobber skip downloads that would download to
existing files.
-c, --continue resume getting a partially-downloaded file.
--progress=TYPE select progress gauge type.
-N, --timestamping don't re-retrieve files unless newer than
local.
-S, --server-response print server response.
--spider don't download anything.
-T, --timeout=SECONDS set all timeout values to SECONDS.
--dns-timeout=SECS set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS.
--connect-timeout=SECS set the connect timeout to SECS.
--read-timeout=SECS set the read timeout to SECS.
-w, --wait=SECONDS wait SECONDS between retrievals.
--waitretry=SECONDS wait 1..SECONDS between retries of a retrieval.
--random-wait wait from 0...2*WAIT secs between retrievals.
--no-proxy explicitly turn off proxy.
-Q, --quota=NUMBER set retrieval quota to NUMBER.
--bind-address=ADDRESS bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host.
--limit-rate=RATE limit download rate to RATE.
--no-dns-cache disable caching DNS lookups.
--restrict-file-names=OS restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows.
--ignore-case ignore case when matching files/directories.
--user=USER set both ftp and http user to USER.
--password=PASS set both ftp and http password to PASS.
Directories:
-nd, --no-directories don't create directories.
-x, --force-directories force creation of directories.
-nH, --no-host-directories don't create host directories.
--protocol-directories use protocol name in directories.
-P, --directory-prefix=PREFIX save files to PREFIX/...
--cut-dirs=NUMBER ignore NUMBER remote directory components.
HTTP options:
--http-user=USER set http user to USER.
--http-password=PASS set http password to PASS.
--no-cache disallow server-cached data.
-E, --html-extension save HTML documents with `.html' extension.
--ignore-length ignore `Content-Length' header field.
--header=STRING insert STRING among the headers.
--max-redirect maximum redirections allowed per page.
--proxy-user=USER set USER as proxy username.
--proxy-password=PASS set PASS as proxy password.
--referer=URL include `Referer: URL' header in HTTP request.
--save-headers save the HTTP headers to file.
-U, --user-agent=AGENT identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION.
--no-http-keep-alive disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections).
--no-cookies don't use cookies.
--load-cookies=FILE load cookies from FILE before session.
--save-cookies=FILE save cookies to FILE after session.
--keep-session-cookies load and save session (non-permanent) cookies.
--post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data.
--post-file=FILE use the POST method; send contents of FILE.
--content-disposition honor the Content-Disposition header when
choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL).
--auth-no-challenge Send Basic HTTP authentication information
without first waiting for the server's
challenge.
HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options:
--secure-protocol=PR choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2,
SSLv3, and TLSv1.
--no-check-certificate don't validate the server's certificate.
--certificate=FILE client certificate file.
--certificate-type=TYPE client certificate type, PEM or DER.
--private-key=FILE private key file.
--private-key-type=TYPE private key type, PEM or DER.
--ca-certificate=FILE file with the bundle of CA's.
--ca-directory=DIR directory where hash list of CA's is stored.
--random-file=FILE file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG.
--egd-file=FILE file naming the EGD socket with random data.
FTP options:
--ftp-user=USER set ftp user to USER.
--ftp-password=PASS set ftp password to PASS.
--no-remove-listing don't remove `.listing' files.
--no-glob turn off FTP file name globbing.
--no-passive-ftp disable the "passive" transfer mode.
--retr-symlinks when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir).
--preserve-permissions preserve remote file permissions.
Recursive download:
-r, --recursive specify recursive download.
-l, --level=NUMBER maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite).
--delete-after delete files locally after downloading them.
-k, --convert-links make links in downloaded HTML point to local files.
-K, --backup-converted before converting file X, back up as X.orig.
-m, --mirror shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.
-p, --page-requisites get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page.
--strict-comments turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments.
Recursive accept/reject:
-A, --accept=LIST comma-separated list of accepted extensions.
-R, --reject=LIST comma-separated list of rejected extensions.
-D, --domains=LIST comma-separated list of accepted domains.
--exclude-domains=LIST comma-separated list of rejected domains.
--follow-ftp follow FTP links from HTML documents.
--follow-tags=LIST comma-separated list of followed HTML tags.
--ignore-tags=LIST comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags.
-H, --span-hosts go to foreign hosts when recursive.
-L, --relative follow relative links only.
-I, --include-directories=LIST list of allowed directories.
-X, --exclude-directories=LIST list of excluded directories.
-np, --no-parent don't ascend to the parent directory.
Mail bug reports and suggestions to <[email protected]>.
答案3
有httrack（离线浏览器：将网站复制到本地目录），语法是：
httrack www.example.com/bob/
它将镜像站点www.example.com/bob/并且仅镜像该站点。
然而我发现更容易使用wget，例如：
wget -m www.example.com