我是 BSD 新手，正在尝试将旧的 Packard Bell 台式机从后备箱中取出。适用于 amd64 的 FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE 的基本安装似乎进展顺利，但我在尝试让声卡正常工作时遇到了困难。
该硬件基于搭载英特尔 P4 处理器的技嘉主板，并具有使用英特尔高清晰度音频芯片组的集成音频。在 Linux 下，选择的音频驱动程序是snd_hda_intel，在 FreeBSD 下期望该snd_hda模块能够驱动音频。
安装 FreeBSD 后，声音无法正常工作，但我按照许多地方提供的在线说明进行操作，尝试kldload使用不同的驱动程序。我发现amd64 GENERIC内核已经sound预装了许多声音驱动程序，所以使用的努力kldload是错误的。然而，该文件中没有安装任何驱动程序的记录/dev/sndstat，并且试图通过键入返回错误消息来制造噪音，cat /random > /dev/dsp指出不允许该操作。
我想知道的是，我是在浪费精力让老化的声卡正常工作，还是我错过了一些技巧？
更多信息：
本节是根据答案贡献者的建议添加的。
的输出pciconf -lv具有以下音频控制器条目：
hdac0@pci0:0:27:0: class=0x040300 card=0xe0111631 chip=0x26688086 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) High Definition Audio Controller'
class = multimedia
subclass = HDA
的输出dmesg如下：
Copyright (c) 1992-2014 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE #0 r274401: Tue Nov 11 21:02:49 UTC 2014
[email protected]:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64
FreeBSD clang version 3.4.1 (tags/RELEASE_34/dot1-final 208032) 20140512
VT: running with driver "vga".
module_register: module at91_mci/mmc already exists!
Module at91_mci/mmc failed to register: 17
module_register: module sdhci_bcm/mmc already exists!
Module sdhci_bcm/mmc failed to register: 17
module_register: module sdhci_fdt/mmc already exists!
Module sdhci_fdt/mmc failed to register: 17
module_register: module sdhci_imx/mmc already exists!
Module sdhci_imx/mmc failed to register: 17
module_register: module sdhci_pci/mmc already exists!
Module sdhci_pci/mmc failed to register: 17
module_register: module sdhci_ti/mmc already exists!
Module sdhci_ti/mmc failed to register: 17
module_register: module ti_mmchs/mmc already exists!
Module ti_mmchs/mmc failed to register: 17
module_register: module mmc/mmcsd already exists!
Module mmc/mmcsd failed to register: 17
CPU: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.06GHz (3059.06-MHz K8-class CPU)
Origin = "GenuineIntel" Id = 0xf41 Family = 0xf Model = 0x4 Stepping = 1
Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE>
Features2=0x651d<SSE3,DTES64,MON,DS_CPL,TM2,CNXT-ID,CX16,xTPR>
AMD Features=0x20100800<SYSCALL,NX,LM>
TSC: P-state invariant
real memory = 3221225472 (3072 MB)
avail memory = 3090366464 (2947 MB)
Event timer "LAPIC" quality 400
ACPI APIC Table: <GBT AWRDACPI>
ioapic0 <Version 2.0> irqs 0-23 on motherboard
random: <Software, Yarrow> initialized
module_register_init: MOD_LOAD (vesa, 0xffffffff80d942e0, 0) error 19
kbd1 at kbdmux0
acpi0: <GBT AWRDACPI> on motherboard
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
acpi0: reservation of 0, a0000 (3) failed
acpi0: reservation of 100000, bfef0000 (3) failed
cpu0: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
attimer0: <AT timer> port 0x40-0x43 irq 0 on acpi0
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
Event timer "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 100
atrtc0: <AT realtime clock> port 0x70-0x73 irq 8 on acpi0
Event timer "RTC" frequency 32768 Hz quality 0
acpi_button0: <Power Button> on acpi0
pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0
pcib1: <PCI-PCI bridge> irq 16 at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
vgapci0: <VGA-compatible display> port 0x9000-0x90ff mem 0xe0000000-0xe3ffffff,0xe5000000-0xe500ffff irq 16 at device 0.0 on pci1
vgapci0: Boot video device
vgapci1: <VGA-compatible display> mem 0xe5010000-0xe501ffff at device 0.1 on pci1
hdac0: <Intel 82801F HDA Controller> mem 0xe6100000-0xe6103fff irq 16 at device 27.0 on pci0
uhci0: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-A> port 0xbc00-0xbc1f irq 23 at device 29.0 on pci0
usbus0 on uhci0
uhci1: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-B> port 0xb000-0xb01f irq 19 at device 29.1 on pci0
usbus1 on uhci1
uhci2: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-C> port 0xb400-0xb41f irq 18 at device 29.2 on pci0
usbus2 on uhci2
uhci3: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-D> port 0xb800-0xb81f irq 16 at device 29.3 on pci0
usbus3 on uhci3
ehci0: <Intel 82801FB (ICH6) USB 2.0 controller> mem 0xe6104000-0xe61043ff irq 23 at device 29.7 on pci0
usbus4: EHCI version 1.0
usbus4 on ehci0
pcib2: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 30.0 on pci0
pci2: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib2
ath0: <Atheros 9220> mem 0xe6000000-0xe600ffff irq 20 at device 0.0 on pci2
ath0: [HT] enabling HT modes
ath0: [HT] 1 stream STBC receive enabled
ath0: [HT] 1 stream STBC transmit enabled
ath0: [HT] 2 RX streams; 2 TX streams
ath0: AR9220 mac 128.2 RF5133 phy 13.0
ath0: 2GHz radio: 0x0000; 5GHz radio: 0x00c0
pci2: <simple comms, generic modem> at device 1.0 (no driver attached)
rl0: <RealTek 8139 10/100BaseTX> port 0xa400-0xa4ff mem 0xe6014000-0xe60140ff irq 21 at device 5.0 on pci2
miibus0: <MII bus> on rl0
rlphy0: <RealTek internal media interface> PHY 0 on miibus0
rlphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
rl0: Ethernet address: 00:14:85:40:4d:00
pci2: <serial bus, FireWire> at device 7.0 (no driver attached)
isab0: <PCI-ISA bridge> at device 31.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <Intel ICH6 SATA150 controller> port 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0xf000-0xf00f at device 31.2 on pci0
ata0: <ATA channel> at channel 0 on atapci0
ata1: <ATA channel> at channel 1 on atapci0
uart0: <16550 or compatible> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0
uart1: <16550 or compatible> port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on acpi0
ppc0: <Parallel port> port 0x378-0x37f,0x778-0x77b irq 7 drq 3 on acpi0
ppc0: Generic chipset (ECP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/16 bytes threshold
ppbus0: <Parallel port bus> on ppc0
lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
ppi0: <Parallel I/O> on ppbus0
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> port 0x60,0x64 irq 1 on acpi0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
orm0: <ISA Option ROMs> at iomem 0xc0000-0xcbfff,0xcc000-0xd3fff,0xd4000-0xd4fff on isa0
p4tcc0: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu0
random: unblocking device.
usbus0: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
fuse-freebsd: version 0.4.4, FUSE ABI 7.8
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec
hdacc0: <Realtek ALC880 HDA CODEC> at cad 2 on hdac0
hdaa0: <Realtek ALC880 Audio Function Group> at nid 1 on hdacc0
usbus1: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus2: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus3: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
ugen0.1: <Intel> at usbus0
uhub0: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus0
ugen1.1: <Intel> at usbus1
uhub1: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus1
ugen2.1: <Intel> at usbus2
uhub2: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus2
ugen3.1: <Intel> at usbus3
uhub3: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus3
usbus4: 480Mbps High Speed USB v2.0
ugen4.1: <Intel> at usbus4
uhub4: <Intel EHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus4
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub3: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
ada0 at ata0 bus 0 scbus0 target 0 lun 0
ada0: <ST3200826AS 3.03> ATA-7 SATA 1.x device
ada0: Serial Number 5ND1T70S
ada0: 150.000MB/s transfers (SATA, UDMA5, PIO 8192bytes)
ada0: 190782MB (390721968 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C)
ada0: Previously was known as ad0
cd0 at ata1 bus 0 scbus1 target 0 lun 0
cd0: <HL-DT-ST DVD-ROM GDR8163B 0N21> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device
cd0: 66.700MB/s transfers (UDMA4, ATAPI 12bytes, PIO 65534bytes)
cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
cd1 at ata1 bus 0 scbus1 target 1 lun 0
cd1: <PHILIPS DVDR1628P1 Q2.4> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device
cd1: Serial Number V7121S52961724
cd1: 33.300MB/s transfers (UDMA2, ATAPI 12bytes, PIO 65534bytes)
cd1: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
Timecounter "TSC-low" frequency 1529530837 Hz quality 1000
Root mount waiting for: usbus4
Root mount waiting for: usbus4
Root mount waiting for: usbus4
uhub4: 8 ports with 8 removable, self powered
Root mount waiting for: usbus4
Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ada0p2 [rw]...
ugen0.2: <vendor 0x058f> at usbus0
umass0: <vendor 0x058f USB Reader, class 0/0, rev 1.10/1.00, addr 2> on usbus0
umass0: SCSI over Bulk-Only; quirks = 0x4001
umass0:2:0:-1: Attached to scbus2
da0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 scbus2 target 0 lun 0
da0: <Generic USB SD Reader 1.00> Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device
da0: Serial Number 2004888
da0: 1.000MB/s transfers
da0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
da0: quirks=0x2<NO_6_BYTE>
da1 at umass-sim0 bus 0 scbus2 target 0 lun 1
da1: <Generic USB CF Reader 1.01> Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device
da1: Serial Number 2004888
da1: 1.000MB/s transfers
da1: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
da1: quirks=0x2<NO_6_BYTE>
da2 at umass-sim0 bus 0 scbus2 target 0 lun 2
da2: <Generic USB SM Reader 1.02> Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device
da2: Serial Number 2004888
da2: 1.000MB/s transfers
da2: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
da2: quirks=0x2<NO_6_BYTE>
da3 at umass-sim0 bus 0 scbus2 target 0 lun 3
da3: <Generic USB MS Reader 1.03> Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device
da3: Serial Number 2004888
da3: 1.000MB/s transfers
da3: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
da3: quirks=0x2<NO_6_BYTE>
ugen3.2: <Logitech> at usbus3
wlan0: Ethernet address: 00:24:01:ee:97:ea
ums0: <Logitech USB-PS2 Optical Mouse, class 0/0, rev 2.00/11.10, addr 2> on usbus3
ums0: 3 buttons and [XYZ] coordinates ID=0
WARNING: attempt to domain_add(bluetooth) after domainfinalize()
据我从主板上的象形文字来看，该板是Gigabyte GA-81915PM.我希望这对某人来说比对我更重要！
答案1
假设snd_hda驱动程序正在加载（确实如此），缺乏工作声音表明驱动程序冲突或默认配置错误。为了解决这个问题，我添加了以下行以/boot/loader.conf打开详细消息dmesg：
boot_verbose="YES"
这样做可以使dmesg输出变得更加有用，其中包含各种附加信息（请参阅这个链接事实证明这是必读的内容）。
从中提取有用的东西dmesg给了我这样的东西：
hdac0: <Intel 82801F HDA Controller> mem 0xe6100000-0xe6103fff irq 16 at device 27.0 on pci0
hdac0: PCI card vendor: 0x1631, device: 0xe011
hdac0: HDA Driver Revision: 20120126_0002
hdac0: Config options: on=0x00000000 off=0x00000000
hdac0: attempting to allocate 1 MSI vectors (1 supported)
hdac0: using IRQ 256 for MSI
hdac0: Caps: OSS 4, ISS 4, BSS 0, NSDO 1, 64bit, CORB 256, RIRB 256
hdacc0: <Realtek ALC880 HDA CODEC> at cad 2 on hdac0
hdaa0: <Realtek ALC880 Audio Function Group> at nid 1 on hdacc0
hdaa0: Subsystem ID: 0x08800000
hdaa0: NumGPIO=2 NumGPO=0 NumGPI=0 GPIWake=0 GPIUnsol=1
hdaa0: GPIO0: disabled
hdaa0: GPIO1: disabled
hdaa0: Original pins configuration:
hdaa0: nid 0x as seq device conn jack loc color misc
hdaa0: 20 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 21 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 22 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 23 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 24 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 25 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 26 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 27 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 28 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 29 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 30 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 31 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: Patching widget caps nid=29 0x00400000 -> 0x00700000
hdaa0: Patched pins configuration:
hdaa0: nid 0x as seq device conn jack loc color misc
hdaa0: 20 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 21 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 22 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 23 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 24 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 25 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 26 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 27 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 28 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 30 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 31 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: Tracing input monitor
hdaa0: Tracing other input monitors
hdaa0: Tracing beeper
hdaa0: FG config/quirks: forcestereo ivref50 ivref80 ivref100 ivref
音频设备的所有引脚都已分配默认值，导致它们被禁用，因此没有配置任何设备。
要将默认值更改为合理的值，需要修改启动时配置，这是通过向/boot/device.hints.这里似乎有很大的灵活性，但我尝试了以下方法，这足以让音频输出立即工作：
hint.hdaa.0.nid20.config="as=1 seq=0 device=Speaker conn=Fixed loc=Onboard color=Unknown"
hint.hdaa.0.nid21.config="as=2 seq=0 device=Line-out conn=Jack loc=Rear color=Green"
hint.hdaa.0.nid27.config="as=2 seq=15 device=Headphones conn=Jack loc=Front color=Green"
现在检查dmesg结果：
hdac0: <Intel 82801F HDA Controller> mem 0xe6100000-0xe6103fff irq 16 at device 27.0 on pci0
hdac0: PCI card vendor: 0x1631, device: 0xe011
hdac0: HDA Driver Revision: 20120126_0002
hdac0: Config options: on=0x00000000 off=0x00000000
hdac0: attempting to allocate 1 MSI vectors (1 supported)
hdac0: using IRQ 256 for MSI
hdac0: Caps: OSS 4, ISS 4, BSS 0, NSDO 1, 64bit, CORB 256, RIRB 256
hdacc0: <Realtek ALC880 HDA CODEC> at cad 2 on hdac0
hdaa0: <Realtek ALC880 Audio Function Group> at nid 1 on hdacc0
hdaa0: Subsystem ID: 0x08800000
hdaa0: NumGPIO=2 NumGPO=0 NumGPI=0 GPIWake=0 GPIUnsol=1
hdaa0: GPIO0: disabled
hdaa0: GPIO1: disabled
hdaa0: Original pins configuration:
hdaa0: nid 0x as seq device conn jack loc color misc
hdaa0: 20 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 21 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 22 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 23 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 24 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 25 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 26 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 27 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 28 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 29 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 30 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: 31 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0
hdaa0: Patching widget caps nid=29 0x00400000 -> 0x00700000
hdaa0: Patching pin config nid=20 0x00000000 -> 0x99100010
hdaa0: Patching pin config nid=21 0x00000000 -> 0x01004020
hdaa0: Patching pin config nid=27 0x00000000 -> 0x0220402f
hdaa0: Patched pins configuration:
hdaa0: nid 0x as seq device conn jack loc color misc
hdaa0: 20 99100010 1 0 Speaker Fixed Unknown Onboard Unknown 0
hdaa0: 21 01004020 2 0 Line-out Jack Unknown Rear Green 0
hdaa0: 22 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 23 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 24 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 25 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 26 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 27 0220402f 2 15 Headphones Jack Unknown Front Green 0
hdaa0: 28 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 30 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 31 00000000 0 0 Line-out Jack Unknown 0x00 Unknown 0 DISA
hdaa0: 2 associations found:
hdaa0: Association 0 (1) out:
hdaa0: Pin nid=20 seq=0
hdaa0: Association 1 (2) out:
hdaa0: Pin nid=21 seq=0
hdaa0: Pin nid=27 seq=15
hdaa0: Tracing association 0 (1)
hdaa0: Pin 20 traced to DAC 2
hdaa0: Association 0 (1) trace succeeded
hdaa0: Tracing association 1 (2)
hdaa0: Pin 21 traced to DAC 3
hdaa0: Pin 27 traced to DAC 3 and hpredir 0
hdaa0: Association 1 (2) trace succeeded
hdaa0: Looking for additional DAC for association 0 (1)
hdaa0: Looking for additional DAC for association 1 (2)
hdaa0: Tracing input monitor
hdaa0: Tracing other input monitors
hdaa0: Tracing beeper
hdaa0: nid 29 traced to out
hdaa0: Pin sense: nid=20 sense=0xffffffff (connected)
hdaa0: Headphones redirection for association 1 nid=27 using unsolicited responses.
hdaa0: Redirect output to: main
hdaa0: FG config/quirks: forcestereo ivref50 ivref80 ivref100 ivref
pcm0: <Realtek ALC880 (Onboard Analog Speaker)> at nid 20 on hdaa0
pcm1: <Realtek ALC880 (Analog 2.0+HP)> at nid 21,27 on hdaa0
显示重新配置的引脚允许创建两个音频输出设备，pcm0并且pcm1。/dev/sndstat确认这一点的内容：
Installed devices:
pcm0: <Realtek ALC880 (Onboard Analog Speaker)> (play) default
pcm1: <Realtek ALC880 (Analog 2.0+HP)> (play)
让麦克风工作留给读者作为练习！
答案2
查看 FreeBSD 文档，您应该发出：
# kldload snd_hda
然后做
# cat /dev/sndstat
如果这不起作用，请尝试加载所有驱动程序：
# kldload snd_driver
# cat /dev/sndstat
执行以下操作来测试声音：
# cat /random >/dev/dsp
更多信息：
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/sound-setup.html
如果这不起作用，您可以尝试：
pciconf -lv
这将提供有关板载声卡中使用的确切芯片组的更多详细信息。
dmesg您还可以发布加载内核模块时的输出。
请提供主板的具体型号。