出于兼容性原因，我尝试安装早期的 gcc 和 g++ (4.6.3)，但现在 apt 似乎已损坏。似乎 apt-get install 对所有东西都如此，而不仅仅是 dpkg：
>> sudo apt-get install dpkg
Reading package lists..
Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information...
Done
dpkg is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to
remove and 0 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this
operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to
continue? [Y/n]
选择“Y”总是会导致以下结果：
Setting up gcc (4:4.8.2-1ubuntu6) ...
update-alternatives: error: alternative path /usr/bin/gcc doesn't exist
dpkg: error processing package gcc (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我在尝试安装 gcc 4.6.3 时确实运行了配置脚本，并且我可能为 --target 选项给出了错误的值。我尝试了以下各种组合但没有成功：
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg --configure -a
apt-get remove/purge/autoremove gcc
此外，Synaptic 声称没有损坏的包装。
感谢您的建议。
编辑：回应评论
>> sudo apt-get purge gcc
[sudo] password for user:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
gcc*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 42.0 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 278757 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing gcc (4:4.8.2-1ubuntu6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
>> sudo dpkg -C
The following packages are only half configured, probably due to problems
configuring them the first time. The configuration should be retried using
dpkg --configure <package> or the configure menu option in dselect:
gcc GNU C compiler
尝试删除其中任何一个都会失败，并抱怨依赖项：
>> sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep gcc
gcc install
gcc-4.6 install
gcc-4.6-base:amd64 install
gcc-4.8 install
gcc-4.8-base:amd64 install
gcc-4.9-base:amd64 install
libgcc-4.8-dev:amd64 install
libgcc1:amd64 install
>> sudo dpkg --configure -a
Setting up gcc (4:4.8.2-1ubuntu6) ...
update-alternatives: error: alternative path /usr/bin/gcc doesn't exist
dpkg: error processing package gcc (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
Errors were encountered while processing:
gcc
>> sudo dpkg -P gcc-4.9-base gcc-4.8-base gcc-4.8 1> command.out
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of gcc-4.9-base:amd64:
libgcc1:amd64 depends on gcc-4.9-base (= 4.9.1-0ubuntu1).
dpkg: error processing package gcc-4.9-base:amd64 (--purge):
dependency problems - not removing
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of gcc-4.8-base:amd64:
libitm1:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libgomp1:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libstdc++6:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libgfortran3:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libasan0:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libgcc-4.8-dev:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libtsan0:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libquadmath0:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libstdc++-4.8-dev:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
cpp-4.8 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
libatomic1:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1).
dpkg: error processing package gcc-4.8-base:amd64 (--purge):
dependency problems - not removing
dpkg: warning: ignoring request to remove gcc-4.8 which isn't installed
Errors were encountered while processing:
gcc-4.9-base:amd64
gcc-4.8-base:amd64
>> sudo dpkg -P gcc-4.6 gcc-4.6-base
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of gcc-4.6:
g++-4.6 depends on gcc-4.6 (= 4.6.4-6ubuntu2).
dpkg: error processing package gcc-4.6 (--purge):
dependency problems - not removing
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of gcc-4.6-base:amd64:
gcc-4.6 depends on gcc-4.6-base (= 4.6.4-6ubuntu2).
libstdc++6-4.6-dev depends on gcc-4.6-base (= 4.6.4-6ubuntu2).
g++-4.6 depends on gcc-4.6-base (= 4.6.4-6ubuntu2).
cpp-4.6 depends on gcc-4.6-base (= 4.6.4-6ubuntu2).
dpkg: error processing package gcc-4.6-base:amd64 (--purge):
dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
gcc-4.6
gcc-4.6-base:amd64