为了好玩，我一直在我的 OS X(10.8.4) 上使用 Web 服务器。Apache 及其 httpd.conf(/etc/apache2/) 文件和用户名.conf(/etc/apache2/users/) 文件似乎都很好，我可以从 LAN 内的任何计算机访问我的本地主机（只需输入我的内部（或外部）IP）。但是，我想在接下来的几天内暂时在我的网络之外访问我的服务器（就像访问任何网站一样）......
所以我在路由器（Asus RT-AC66U，使用 TCP）上转发了端口 80，并且 apache 的 httpd.conf 文件有listen 80。
> #
> # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the
> # configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
> # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information.
> # In particular, see
> # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html>
> # for a discussion of each configuration directive.
> #
> # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
> # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure
> # consult the online docs. You have been warned.
> #
> # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
> # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
> # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin
> # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "log/foo_log"
> # with ServerRoot set to "/usr" will be interpreted by the
> # server as "/usr/log/foo_log".
>
> #
> # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
> # configuration, error, and log files are kept.
> #
> # Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point
> # ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive
> # at a local disk. If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple
> # httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile.
> # ServerRoot "/usr"
>
> #
> # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
> # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
> # directive.
> #
> # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
> # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
> #
> #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80
>
> #
> # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
> #
> # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
> # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
> # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
> # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
> # to be loaded here.
> #
> # Example:
> # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
> # LoadModule authn_file_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_file.so LoadModule authn_dbm_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_dbm.so
> LoadModule authn_anon_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_anon.so
> LoadModule authn_dbd_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_dbd.so
> LoadModule authn_default_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_default.so
> LoadModule authz_host_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_host.so
> LoadModule authz_groupfile_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_user_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule authz_dbm_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_authz_dbm.so LoadModule authz_owner_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_authz_owner.so LoadModule authz_default_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_authz_default.so LoadModule auth_basic_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_auth_basic.so LoadModule auth_digest_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_auth_digest.so LoadModule cache_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_cache.so LoadModule disk_cache_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_disk_cache.so LoadModule mem_cache_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_mem_cache.so LoadModule dbd_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_dbd.so LoadModule dumpio_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_dumpio.so LoadModule reqtimeout_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_reqtimeout.so LoadModule ext_filter_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_ext_filter.so LoadModule include_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_include.so LoadModule filter_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_filter.so LoadModule substitute_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_substitute.so LoadModule deflate_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_deflate.so LoadModule log_config_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_log_config.so LoadModule log_forensic_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_log_forensic.so LoadModule logio_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_logio.so LoadModule env_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_env.so LoadModule mime_magic_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_mime_magic.so LoadModule cern_meta_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_cern_meta.so LoadModule expires_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_expires.so LoadModule headers_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_headers.so LoadModule ident_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_ident.so LoadModule usertrack_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_usertrack.so
> #LoadModule unique_id_module libexec/apache2/mod_unique_id.so LoadModule setenvif_module libexec/apache2/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule
> version_module libexec/apache2/mod_version.so LoadModule proxy_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule proxy_http_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_http.so LoadModule proxy_scgi_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_scgi.so LoadModule proxy_ajp_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_ajp.so LoadModule proxy_balancer_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule ssl_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_ssl.so LoadModule mime_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_mime.so LoadModule dav_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_dav.so LoadModule status_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_status.so LoadModule autoindex_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule asis_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_asis.so LoadModule info_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_info.so LoadModule cgi_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_cgi.so LoadModule dav_fs_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_dav_fs.so LoadModule vhost_alias_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_vhost_alias.so LoadModule negotiation_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule dir_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_dir.so LoadModule imagemap_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_imagemap.so LoadModule actions_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_actions.so LoadModule speling_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_speling.so LoadModule userdir_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_userdir.so LoadModule alias_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_alias.so LoadModule rewrite_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_rewrite.so LoadModule perl_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_perl.so LoadModule php5_module
> libexec/apache2/libphp5.so LoadModule hfs_apple_module
> libexec/apache2/mod_hfs_apple.so
>
> <IfModule !mpm_netware_module> <IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
> #
> # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
> # httpd as root initially and it will switch.
> #
> # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
> # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
> # running httpd, as with most system services.
> # User _www Group _www
>
> </IfModule> </IfModule>
>
> # 'Main' server configuration
> #
> # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
> # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
> # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for
> # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
> #
> # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
> # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
> # virtual host being defined.
> #
>
> #
> # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
> # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
> # as error documents. e.g. [email protected]
> # ServerAdmin [email protected]
>
> #
> # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
> # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
> # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
> #
> # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
> #
> #ServerName www.example.com:80
>
> #
> # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
> # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
> # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
> # DocumentRoot "/Library/WebServer/Documents"
>
> #
> # Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect
> # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that
> # directory (and its subdirectories).
> #
> # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of
> # features.
> #
>
> <Directory />
> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ExecCGI
> AllowOverride None
> Allow from all AuthType None </Directory>
>
>
> #
> # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
> # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
> # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
> # below.
> #
>
> #
> # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
> # <Directory "/Library/WebServer/Documents">
> #
> # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
> # or any combination of:
> # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
> #
> # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
> # doesn't give it to you.
> #
> # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
> # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
> # for more information.
> #
> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
>
> #
> # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
> # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
> # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
> #
> AllowOverride None
>
> #
> # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
> #
> Order allow,deny
> Allow from all
>
> </Directory>
>
> #
> # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
> # is requested.
> # <IfModule dir_module>
> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule>
>
> #
> # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
> # viewed by Web clients.
> # <FilesMatch "^\.([Hh][Tt]|[Dd][Ss]_[Ss])">
> Order allow,deny
> Deny from all
> Satisfy All </FilesMatch>
>
> #
> # Apple specific filesystem protection.
> # <Files "rsrc">
> Order allow,deny
> Deny from all
> Satisfy All </Files> <DirectoryMatch ".*\.\.namedfork">
> Order allow,deny
> Deny from all
> Satisfy All </DirectoryMatch>
>
> #
> # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
> # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
> # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
> # ErrorLog "/private/var/log/apache2/error_log"
>
> #
> # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
> # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
> # alert, emerg.
> # LogLevel warn
>
> <IfModule log_config_module>
> #
> # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
> # a CustomLog directive (see below).
> #
> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
>
> <IfModule logio_module>
> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
> </IfModule>
>
> #
> # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
> # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
> # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*
> # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
> # logged therein and *not* in this file.
> #
> CustomLog "/private/var/log/apache2/access_log" common
>
> #
> # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
> # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
> #
> #CustomLog "/private/var/log/apache2/access_log" combined </IfModule>
>
> <IfModule alias_module>
> #
> # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
> # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client
> # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
> # Example:
> # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar
>
> #
> # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
> # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
> # Example:
> # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
> #
> # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
> # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely
> # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
> # the filesystem path.
>
> #
> # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
> # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
> # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
> # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
> # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
> # directives as to Alias.
> #
> ScriptAliasMatch ^/cgi-bin/((?!(?i:webobjects)).*$) "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables/$1"
>
> </IfModule>
>
> <IfModule cgid_module>
> #
> # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX
> # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.
> #
> #Scriptsock /private/var/run/cgisock </IfModule>
>
> #
> # "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
> # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
> # <Directory "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables">
> AllowOverride None
> Options None
> Order allow,deny
> Allow from all </Directory>
>
> #
> # DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document
> # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
> # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
> # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications
> # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
> # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
> # text.
> # DefaultType text/plain
>
> <IfModule mime_module>
> #
> # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
> # filename extension to MIME-type.
> #
> TypesConfig /private/etc/apache2/mime.types
>
> #
> # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
> # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
> #
> #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
> #
> # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
> # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
> #
> #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
> #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
> #
> # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
> # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
> #
> AddType application/x-compress .Z
> AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
>
> #
> # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
> # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
> # or added with the Action directive (see below)
> #
> # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
> # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
> #
> AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
>
> # For type maps (negotiated resources):
> #AddHandler type-map var
>
> #
> # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
> #
> # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
> # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
> #
> AddType text/html .shtml
> AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule>
>
> #
> # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
> # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile
> # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
> #
> #MIMEMagicFile /private/etc/apache2/magic
>
> #
> # Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
> # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
> #
> # Some examples:
> #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
> #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
> #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
> #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
> #
>
> #
> # MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before
> # returning the entire resource, or one of the special
> # values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.
> # Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.
> #MaxRanges unlimited
>
> #
> # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
> # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver
> # files. This usually improves server performance, but must
> # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
> # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
> # broken on your system.
> #
> #EnableMMAP off
> #EnableSendfile off
>
> # 6894961 TraceEnable off
>
> # Supplemental configuration
> #
> # The configuration files in the /private/etc/apache2/extra/ directory can be
> # included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of
> # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as
> # necessary.
>
> # Server-pool management (MPM specific) Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
>
> # Multi-language error messages
> #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
>
> # Fancy directory listings Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf
>
> # Language settings Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-languages.conf
>
> # User home directories Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
>
> # Real-time info on requests and configuration
> #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-info.conf
>
> # Virtual hosts
> #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
>
> # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-manual.conf
>
> # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
> #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-dav.conf
>
> # Various default settings
> #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-default.conf
>
> # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
> #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
> #
> # Note: The following must must be present to support
> # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
> # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
> # <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> Include /private/etc/apache2/other/*.conf
我的用户名.conf 文件（如果适用）（仅输入 ip 不会加载此页面[而是会弹出“它有效”文本] 输入 /~用户名将要）：
<Directory "/Library/Webserver/CGI-executables/cgi-bin">
AddHandler perl-script .pl
PerlHandler ModPerl::Registry
Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Includes ExecCGI
DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
但是，在多次重新启动并启动服务器，并使用listen xxx.xxx.x.xxx:80配置文件，以及在我的 mac os x 和路由器上打开和关闭防火墙，使用在线端口检查站点（以及在 LAN 之外访问它）之后，端口 80 仍然关闭并且网站无法加载。
我尝试了一下curl 'http://localhost:80'，curl -v 'http://localhost:4567/'以确保我这边没有问题，而且它们都毫无问题地显示了页面的 html 内容。
如果重要的话，我还可以通过 ftp 进入我的服务器并传输/设置文件/文件夹的权限，不会出现任何问题。
如何才能在 LAN 之外成功访问我的外部 IP？
答案1
最有可能的问题是您的互联网服务提供商封锁了 80 端口。有办法解决这个问题。但首先让我们验证一下这不是服务器或防火墙的问题。
确定这是否是防火墙或路由器的问题的最快方法是更改路由器上的端口转发，将非标准、未使用的外部端口转发到 Apache 服务器上的端口 80，将 Apache 服务器上的端口 80 转发到非标准、未使用的外部端口。尝试通过该端口访问您的外部 IP（例如使用端口 8080：http:// 1.2.3.4:8080）如果您现在可以正常浏览您的网站，则意味着您的 ISP 正在阻止到端口 80 的流量。使用家庭网络时大多数情况下都是这种情况。
要解决您的问题，需要使用允许将域名定向到非标准端口的动态 DNS 服务器。或者只需使用 http:yourip:port