Caviar Blue 硬盘有故障吗?

Caviar Blue 硬盘有故障吗?

我们有一个小型“自制”服务器,运行完全更新的 Debian Wheezy (amd64)。安装了一个硬盘:WDC WD6400AAKS。主板是 ASUS M4N68T V2。

正常负荷:

  • CPU:平均20%
  • 每周大约有 50GB 的额外空间被占用。大约有 47GB 的上传文件和 3GB 的 MySQL 数据。

我担心硬盘可能要坏了。我看到失败前我跑步的时候在几个地方:

root@SERVER:/tmp# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar Blue Serial ATA
Device Model:     WDC WD6400AAKS-XXXXXXX
Serial Number:    WD-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee XXXXXXXXXXXXX
Firmware Version: 01.03B01
User Capacity:    640,135,028,736 bytes [640 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   8
ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is:    Mon Oct 28 18:55:27 2013 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x85) Offline data collection activity
                    was aborted by an interrupting command from host.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 247) Self-test routine in progress...
                    70% of test remaining.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (11580) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 136) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x303f) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   157   146   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       5108
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2968
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   079   079   000    Old_age   Always       -       15445
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2950
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       426
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       2968
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   111   095   000    Old_age   Always       -       36
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   160   000    Old_age   Always       -       21716
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   051    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     15444         -

Error SMART Read Selective Self-Test Log failed: scsi error aborted command
Smartctl: SMART Selective Self Test Log Read Failed
root@SERVER:/tmp# 

在一个教程中,我读到预失败是即将失败的征兆,在另一个教程中,我读到事实并非如此。你们能帮我解码一下智能控制

如果我想确保数据完整性(每周大约 50GB 的新数据,在我感兴趣的整个期间最多 2TB),那么分享一些建议也很好。也许我会在 RAID4 中使用 2x2TB Caviar Black?

答案1

正如前面提到的,“Prefail”文本仅指示条目的类型。根据条目的不同,并非每个条目都是错误。例如,Spin_Up_Time 仅计算驱动器启动的频率,Load_Cycle_Count 计算磁头停放的频率。

让我停下来思考的值是 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 为 21716。这可能是由电缆损坏/松动或电子故障引起的。

如果存在表面错误,则 Reallocated_Sector_Ct、Current_Pending_Sector 或 Offline_Uncorrectable 会上升。它们都为 0,因此磁盘可能完全正常。

以下表示测试仍在进行中:

Self-test execution status:      ( 247) Self-test routine in progress...
                    70% of test remaining.

一旦完成,在“SMART 自检日志结构”部分中应该会有另一个条目。您应该使用长测试(smartctl -t long)来获取有意义的结果。记录的测试只是一个简短的测试。

关于更高的数据完整性:RAID4 至少需要 3 个磁盘,并且不再使用(由 RAID5 取代)。但对于您而言,使用 2 个磁盘的 RAID1 或使用 4 个磁盘的 RAID10 都比较合适。这两种模式都会使可用空间减半,但如果一个驱动器发生故障,仍可继续工作。RAID10 的优势在于速度更快,因为它将负载分散到更多驱动器上,并且根据哪个驱动器发生故障,即使有 2 个驱动器发生故障,也能继续工作。如果一个磁盘足够快,RAID1 也足够快(写入速度相同,读取速度加倍,以处理大量数据)。

答案2

“无错误完成”

提及 prefail 的列表显示了可能出现的错误类型及其阈值。您的最差值均未超过阈值。

获取 2 个磁盘,使用 RAID1 或获取 4 个磁盘并使用 RAID10。不使用 RAID4。

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