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带有换行符、逗号和引号的 zsh 别名

tag-icon • tag-icon shell awk zsh gnu-screen alias
带有换行符、逗号和引号的 zsh 别名

在我的 zshrc 中，我有一个这样的别名：

alias sl='screen -list'

它符合我的需要（查看我正在运行的屏幕），但输出相当难看：

[pts/7]~% sl
There are screens on:
        32765.quotes-api        (04/26/2015 11:09:18 AM)        (Detached)
        5055.gitsync-test       (04/07/2015 09:24:04 PM)        (Detached)
        15074.gitsync-interceptor       (03/31/2015 10:39:45 AM)        (Detached)
        4662.eloquent-api    (03/29/2015 11:37:26 AM)        (Detached)
        16177.Dropbox   (03/17/2015 03:53:44 PM)        (Detached)
        18803.gitsync-todo-api-py       (03/06/2015 08:21:24 AM)        (Detached)
        796.website (01/31/2015 01:56:02 PM)        (Detached)
        7874.gitsync-optionals  (01/29/2015 02:27:24 PM)        (Detached)
        28474.linkbag   (12/16/2014 09:56:39 AM)        (Detached)
        10839.datapump  (10/13/2014 02:16:26 PM)        (Detached)
        5118.resr-api-python        (09/13/2014 12:28:33 PM)        (Detached)
        7619.dataglobbing    (09/03/2014 08:34:13 PM)        (Detached)
        10583.rest-api-dataglobbing  (09/03/2014 01:06:21 AM)        (Detached)
        11705.save-functions    (08/12/2014 01:00:58 PM)        (Detached)
14 Sockets in /var/run/screen/S-tuvokki.

所以我开始格式化它并得到以下内容：

 screen -list|grep -v There|grep -v Sockets|awk 'BEGIN { format = " %-35s %-10s %s\n"
         printf format, "Name", "Active", "Status"
         printf format, "----", "------", "------" }
       { printf format, $1, $2, $5 }'

但是我如何将其放入别名中，就像我之前使用的简单命令一样？

仅将所有内容放在一行上是行不通的。我试图转义引号，使用双引号而不是单引号给出解析错误。我还尝试将其包装在一个函数中，但 awk 命令似乎依赖于换行符，并且不喜欢所有指令都在一行上。

答案1

您可以通过三种方法解决这个问题。

一：只使用一个函数。别名用于简单的文本宏，而您的第二个示例则不是。

sl() {
screen -list|grep -v There|grep -v Sockets|awk 'BEGIN { format = " %-35s %-10s %s\n"
         printf format, "Name", "Active", "Status"
         printf format, "----", "------", "------" }
       { printf format, $1, $2, $5 }'
}

二：使用quote-linewidget正确转义整个命令

# type the entire command out like you would interactively.
% screen -list|grep -v There|grep -v Sockets|awk 'BEGIN { format = " %-35s %-10s %s\n"
     printf format, "Name", "Active", "Status"
     printf format, "----", "------", "------" }
   { printf format, $1, $2, $5 }'
# use quote-line which transform the line into:
% 'screen -list|grep -v There|grep -v Sockets|awk '\''BEGIN { format = " %-35s %-10s %s\n"
     printf format, "Name", "Active", "Status"
     printf format, "----", "------", "------" }
   { printf format, $1, $2, $5 }'\'''
# prepend alias sl= to the newly escaped line:
% alias sl='screen -list|grep -v There|grep -v Sockets|awk '\''BEGIN { format = " %-35s %-10s %s\n"
     printf format, "Name", "Active", "Status"
     printf format, "----", "------", "------" }
   { printf format, $1, $2, $5 }'\'''

第三：只使用一个函数。别名用于简单的文本宏。

sl() {
screen -list|grep -v There|grep -v Sockets|awk 'BEGIN { format = " %-35s %-10s %s\n"
         printf format, "Name", "Active", "Status"
         printf format, "----", "------", "------" }
       { printf format, $1, $2, $5 }'
}

awk 示例也不依赖换行符，但您需要;在同一行上分隔多个语句。

screen -list|grep -v There|grep -v Sockets|awk 'BEGIN { format = " %-35s %-10s %s
"; printf format, "Name", "Active", "Status"; printf format, "----", "------", "------" } { printf format, $1, $2, $5 }'

将工作。

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