我在 ping 时遇到了一些问题。作为 root 用户，如果我不指定从哪个接口进行 ping，就无法 ping。因此，如果我“ping google.com”，它不会 ping 通。但如果我像“ping -I eth0”一样 ping，则可以 ping 通。（好吧，这不是路由问题，也是其他参数的问题）。因此，我与 MONIT 合作，我喜欢告诉他，如果没有 ping，请重新启动隧道或做其他事情。因此，我更改了 /root/.bashrc 文件并添加了 ping 参数，当我登录到计算机时，我无需指定参数就可以成功 ping。但是，如果我再次像“/bin/ping google.com”一样 ping，同样的问题，它不会从 .bashrc 中获取参数。但 MONIT 不会获取 bashrc，他只是从 bin 执行（从日志文件中查看）
localhost sudo: root : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/etc/monit.d ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/ping 192.168.1.1
另外，如果我以不同的用户身份登录，情况相同，用户根本无法 ping 通。如果我以 root 身份登录并使用 ping（但为 ping 输入 .bashrc 参数），则一切正常。
因此，我想用这些参数更改默认 ping，这样就无需测量我如何执行以及与哪个用户一起执行，它将与我输入的参数一起使用。有办法吗？
###############################################################################
## Monit control file
###############################################################################
##
## Comments begin with a '#' and extend through the end of the line. Keywords
## are case insensitive. All path's MUST BE FULLY QUALIFIED, starting with '/'.
##
## Below you will find examples of some frequently used statements. For
## information about the control file and a complete list of statements and
## options, please have a look in the Monit manual.
##
##
###############################################################################
## Global section
###############################################################################
##
## Start Monit in the background (run as a daemon):
#
# set daemon 120 # check services at 2-minute intervals
# with start delay 240 # optional: delay the first check by 4-minutes (by
# # default Monit check immediately after Monit start)
#
#
## Set syslog logging with the 'daemon' facility. If the FACILITY option is
## omitted, Monit will use 'user' facility by default. If you want to log to
## a standalone log file instead, specify the full path to the log file
#
# set logfile syslog facility log_daemon
#
#
### Set the location of the Monit id file which stores the unique id for the
### Monit instance. The id is generated and stored on first Monit start. By
### default the file is placed in $HOME/.monit.id.
#
# set idfile /var/.monit.id
#
### Set the location of the Monit state file which saves monitoring states
### on each cycle. By default the file is placed in $HOME/.monit.state. If
### the state file is stored on a persistent filesystem, Monit will recover
### the monitoring state across reboots. If it is on temporary filesystem, the
### state will be lost on reboot which may be convenient in some situations.
#
# set statefile /var/.monit.state
#
## Set the list of mail servers for alert delivery. Multiple servers may be
## specified using a comma separator. By default Monit uses port 25 - it is
## possible to override this with the PORT option.
#
# set mailserver mail.bar.baz, # primary mailserver
# backup.bar.baz port 10025, # backup mailserver on port 10025
# localhost # fallback relay
#
#
## By default Monit will drop alert events if no mail servers are available.
## If you want to keep the alerts for later delivery retry, you can use the
## EVENTQUEUE statement. The base directory where undelivered alerts will be
## stored is specified by the BASEDIR option. You can limit the maximal queue
## size using the SLOTS option (if omitted, the queue is limited by space
## available in the back end filesystem).
#
# set eventqueue
# basedir /var/monit # set the base directory where events will be stored
# slots 100 # optionally limit the queue size
#
#
## Send status and events to M/Monit (for more informations about M/Monit
## see http://mmonit.com/).
#
# set mmonit http://monit:[email protected]:8080/collector
#
#
## Monit by default uses the following alert mail format:
##
## --8<--
## From: monit@$HOST # sender
## Subject: monit alert -- $EVENT $SERVICE # subject
##
## $EVENT Service $SERVICE #
## #
## Date: $DATE #
## Action: $ACTION #
## Host: $HOST # body
## Description: $DESCRIPTION #
## #
## Your faithful employee, #
## Monit #
## --8<--
##
## You can override this message format or parts of it, such as subject
## or sender using the MAIL-FORMAT statement. Macros such as $DATE, etc.
## are expanded at runtime. For example, to override the sender, use:
#
# set mail-format { from: [email protected] }
#
#
## You can set alert recipients whom will receive alerts if/when a
## service defined in this file has errors. Alerts may be restricted on
## events by using a filter as in the second example below.
#
# set alert [email protected] # receive all alerts
# set alert [email protected] only on { timeout } # receive just service-
# # timeout alert
#
#
## Monit has an embedded web server which can be used to view status of
## services monitored and manage services from a web interface. See the
## Monit Wiki if you want to enable SSL for the web server.
#
set httpd port 2812 and
use address x.x.x.x.x # only accept connection from localhost
allow 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 # allow localhost to connect to the server and
allow admin:password # require user 'admin' with password 'monit'
allow @monit # allow users of group 'monit' to connect (rw)
allow @users readonly # allow users of group 'users' to connect readonly
#
###############################################################################
## Services
###############################################################################
##
## Check general system resources such as load average, cpu and memory
## usage. Each test specifies a resource, conditions and the action to be
## performed should a test fail.
#
# check system myhost.mydomain.tld
# if loadavg (1min) > 4 then alert
# if loadavg (5min) > 2 then alert
# if memory usage > 75% then alert
# if cpu usage (user) > 70% then alert
# if cpu usage (system) > 30% then alert
# if cpu usage (wait) > 20% then alert
#
#
## Check a file for existence, checksum, permissions, uid and gid. In addition
## to alert recipients in the global section, customized alert can be sent to
## additional recipients by specifying a local alert handler. The service may
## be grouped using the GROUP option. More than one group can be specified by
## repeating the 'group name' statement.
#
# check file apache_bin with path /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
# if failed checksum and
# expect the sum 8f7f419955cefa0b33a2ba316cba3659 then unmonitor
# if failed permission 755 then unmonitor
# if failed uid root then unmonitor
# if failed gid root then unmonitor
# alert [email protected] on {
# checksum, permission, uid, gid, unmonitor
# } with the mail-format { subject: Alarm! }
# group server
#
#
## Check that a process is running, in this case Apache, and that it respond
## to HTTP and HTTPS requests. Check its resource usage such as cpu and memory,
## and number of children. If the process is not running, Monit will restart
## it by default. In case the service is restarted very often and the
## problem remains, it is possible to disable monitoring using the TIMEOUT
## statement. This service depends on another service (apache_bin) which
## is defined above.
#
# check process apache with pidfile /usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid
# start program = "/etc/init.d/httpd start" with timeout 60 seconds
# stop program = "/etc/init.d/httpd stop"
# if cpu > 60% for 2 cycles then alert
# if cpu > 80% for 5 cycles then restart
# if totalmem > 200.0 MB for 5 cycles then restart
# if children > 250 then restart
# if loadavg(5min) greater than 10 for 8 cycles then stop
# if failed host www.tildeslash.com port 80 protocol http
# and request "/somefile.html"
# then restart
# if failed port 443 type tcpssl protocol http
# with timeout 15 seconds
# then restart
# if 3 restarts within 5 cycles then timeout
# depends on apache_bin
# group server
#
#
## Check filesystem permissions, uid, gid, space and inode usage. Other services,
## such as databases, may depend on this resource and an automatically graceful
## stop may be cascaded to them before the filesystem will become full and data
## lost.
#
# check filesystem datafs with path /dev/sdb1
# start program = "/bin/mount /data"
# stop program = "/bin/umount /data"
# if failed permission 660 then unmonitor
# if failed uid root then unmonitor
# if failed gid disk then unmonitor
# if space usage > 80% for 5 times within 15 cycles then alert
# if space usage > 99% then stop
# if inode usage > 30000 then alert
# if inode usage > 99% then stop
# group server
#
#
## Check a file's timestamp. In this example, we test if a file is older
## than 15 minutes and assume something is wrong if its not updated. Also,
## if the file size exceed a given limit, execute a script
#
# check file database with path /data/mydatabase.db
# if failed permission 700 then alert
# if failed uid data then alert
# if failed gid data then alert
# if timestamp > 15 minutes then alert
# if size > 100 MB then exec "/my/cleanup/script" as uid dba and gid dba
#
#
## Check directory permission, uid and gid. An event is triggered if the
## directory does not belong to the user with uid 0 and gid 0. In addition,
## the permissions have to match the octal description of 755 (see chmod(1)).
#
# check directory bin with path /bin
# if failed permission 755 then unmonitor
# if failed uid 0 then unmonitor
# if failed gid 0 then unmonitor
#
#
## Check a remote host availability by issuing a ping test and check the
## content of a response from a web server. Up to three pings are sent and
## connection to a port and an application level network check is performed.
#
# check host myserver with address 192.168.1.1
# if failed icmp type echo count 3 with timeout 3 seconds then alert
# if failed port 3306 protocol mysql with timeout 15 seconds then alert
# if failed url http://user:[email protected]:8080/?querystring
# and content == 'action="j_security_check"'
# then alert
#
#
###############################################################################
## Includes
###############################################################################
##
## It is possible to include additional configuration parts from other files or
## directories.
#
# include /etc/monit.d/*
#
#
# set daemon mode timeout to 1 minute
set daemon 60
# Include all files from /etc/monit.d/
include /etc/monit.d/*
亲切的问候
答案1
您可以创建一个“新的” ping 命令（例如 bash 脚本）：
（将您的实际 ping 命令重命名为 ping.back）
mv /bin/ping /bin/ping.back
（使用 vim/nano/whatever 编辑新的“ping”命令）
vim /bin/ping
（将其放入文件中并保存）
/bin/bash #!/bin/bash
/bin/ping.back -I eth0 $*
（现在，赋予文件 rwx-rxrx 权限）
chmod 755 /bin/ping
玩！
答案2
/etc/bashrc在(中创建命令别名或者可能/etc/profile.d）
alias ping='ping -I eth0'
答案3
您可以使用 iptables 标记 ICMP 数据包，并使用 iproute2 强制输出接口。它不像 Abdón 的解决方案那么简单，但它应该可以工作。
再见！