编辑
让我们暂时忽略下面我所写的所有内容,重新思考这个问题:如果你有自己的域名,并且想要将该域名的电子邮件发送到你的 Gmail 收件箱(而不是 Google Apps),你应该怎么做?你可以吗?最好只使用 SMTP,而不要使用 POP3。
原始问题:
- 我有一些虚荣域名,其中之一就是
amedee.be
。 - 我在 Amazon AWS 主机上运行 Debian 服务器,并带有 Postfix。
- 我也安装了SpamAssassin,并确认它可以处理最明显的垃圾邮件。
- 我正在使用 Procmail 将邮件转发到 Gmail。
- 我正在使用 Google 描述的最佳做法:https://support.google.com/a/answer/175365?hl=en
大多数电子邮件都能正常到达,这与 ServerFault 建议的类似问题不同,后者要么全部到达,要么全部不到达。但比我希望的更频繁的是(大约 1/20),我收到以下邮件/var/log/mail.log
:
Nov 30 15:01:39 ip-172-31-51-67 postfix/smtp[29724]: 4B72563149:
to=<[email protected]>,
relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.22.26]:25,
delay=2657,
delays=2657/0.2/0.07/0.18,
dsn=5.7.1,
status=bounced (host gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.22.26] said:
550-5.7.1 [52.0.177.1037] Our system has detected that this message is
550-5.7.1 likely unsolicited mail. To reduce the amount of spam sent to Gmail,
550-5.7.1 this message has been blocked. Please visit
550 5.7.1 https://support.google.com/mail/answer/188131 for more information.
y66si45484104qhc.73 - gsmtp (in reply to end of DATA command))
我已经证实这绝对是不是垃圾邮件。当相同的邮件直接发送到 Gmail 时,它会到达。
我不知道这是否是巧合,但我在将服务器从 Hetzner 移至 AWS 时开始注意到这一点。我已经使用这种设置几年了,只是在过去 2 个月里电子邮件才丢失。奇怪的是,我的新旧服务器上的 Postfix 和 Procmail 配置完全相同。
其他相关问题提到了 DKIM 和 SPF,我必须调查这些字母的含义,但过去我没有使用过它们并且它有效,所以首先我想排除其他明显的原因。
/etc/postfix/main.cf
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
body_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/checks/body_checks
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
disable_vrfy_command = yes
header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/checks/header_checks
home_mailbox = Maildir/
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
local_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
# If you can't deliver it in two hours - it can't be delivered!
#bounce_queue_lifetime = 2h
#maximal_queue_lifetime = 3h
#queue_run_delay = 3m
#minimal_backoff_time = 5m
#maximal_backoff_time = 10m
message_size_limit = 0
mime_header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/checks/mime_header_checks
mydestination =
styx,
styx.amedee.be,
ip-172-31-51-67.ec2.internal,
localhost.ec2.internal,
localhost,
intrepid,
intrepid.exabyte.be,
intrepid.amedee.be,
mail.amedee.be,
mx.amedee.be,
localhost.localdomain,
localhost.amedee.be,
amedee.be,
amed.ee,
vangasse.eu,
vangas.se,
dhertefelt.be,
dhertefe.lt,
pcrobots.amedee.be,
nowww.be
mydomain = amedee.be
myhostname = styx.amedee.be
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 10.0.0.0/8
myorigin = /etc/mailname
readme_directory = no
recipient_delimiter = -
relayhost =
smtp_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name. All Your Spam Are Belong To Us!
smtpd_client_connection_count_limit = 5
smtpd_client_restrictions =
# reject_invalid_hostname,
permit
smtpd_error_sleep_time = 10
smtpd_hard_error_limit = 5
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
# reject_invalid_hostname,
permit
smtpd_junk_command_limit = 3
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
# reject_invalid_hostname,
reject_multi_recipient_bounce,
reject_non_fqdn_recipient,
# reject_non_fqdn_sender,
reject_unauth_destination,
reject_unauth_pipelining,
reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
reject_unlisted_recipient,
permit
smtpd_relay_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
defer_unauth_destination
#smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
#smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
#smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
#smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
#smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sender_restrictions =
# reject_unknown_sender_domain,
permit
smtpd_soft_error_limit = 2
smtpd_timeout = 120
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/tls/mail.cert
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/tls/mail.key
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_use_tls = yes
#virtual_alias_domains = /etc/postfix/maps/virtual_alias_domains
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/maps/virtual_alias_maps
/etc/postfix/master.cf
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=spamassassin
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=spamassassin
pickup unix n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
user=debian-spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
/home/amedee/.procmailrc
UMASK=007
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
MAILDIR=$HOME/Maildir
LOGFILE=$HOME/log/procmail.log
SHELL=/bin/bash
VERBOSE=no
SED=/bin/sed
SENDER=`formail -c -x Return-Path`
SENDMAILFLAGS="-oi -f $SENDER"
[email protected]
#From the manpages: prevent duplicate mails
:0 Wh: msgid.lock
| formail -D 8192 msgid.cache
:0
* ^Subject: Undelivered Mail Returned to Sender
/dev/null
:0
* .*
! $GMAIL
我的问题是:我需要做什么才能让 Gmail 不再退回我转发的任何合法电子邮件?
编辑:有人将我的问题标记为该问题的重复:如何发送电子邮件并避免被归类为垃圾邮件? 然而我的问题不是关于以原始发件人身份发送电子邮件,我的问题是关于转发其他人发送的电子邮件。标记也是在我发布问题 2 分钟后完成的,这段时间不足以完全阅读它,所以我认为这是对角阅读的情况。不要难过,我们都想获得 StackExchange 声誉。
我将继续编辑这个问题,因为我会解决每个疑似重复的问题,直到我毫无疑问地证明它不是重复的。
编辑:DNS配置:
* 300 IN A 52.0.177.103
@ 300 IN A 52.0.177.103
styx 300 IN A 52.0.177.103
@ 300 IN MX 1 styx.amedee.be.
@ 300 IN SPF "v=spf1 ip4:52.0.177.103 ptr ?all"
@ 300 IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:52.0.177.103 ptr ?all"
编辑:根据 mxtoolbox.com 的说法,我的反向 DNS 与我的 SMTP 横幅不匹配。因此,我更改了我的 SMTP 横幅/etc/postfix/main.cf
:
#smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name. All Your Spam Are Belong To Us!
smtpd_banner = ec2-52-0-177-103.compute-1.amazonaws.com
并在 Postfix 重新加载后确认更改:
admin@ip-172-31-51-67:~$ telnet 127.0.0.1 25
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 ec2-52-0-177-103.compute-1.amazonaws.com
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
因此,据我所知, 的反向 DNS52.0.177.103
是ec2-52-0-177-103.compute-1.amazonaws.com
, 的 IP 地址ec2-52-0-177-103.compute-1.amazonaws.com
是52.0.177.103
。不幸的是,我更希望主机名styx.amedee.be
和反向 DNS 相同,但我认为这超出了我的控制范围。
答案1
仅使用 SMTP 无法实现这一点。您必须在个人邮件服务器(例如 Dovecot)上配置 POP3 服务,然后配置 Gmail 以使用 POP3 获取邮件。使用任何其他方法,您都有可能丢失电子邮件。