我正在使用 Zabbix 3.0 来监控我们的主要交换机，其中防火墙的端口以及其他端口显示发送或接收的丢包情况。人们会得出这样的结论：如果这些流量从交换机丢失，则可能是过度使用，丢包情况在所有端口上都是一致的，但事实并非如此。我们确实会间歇性地在虚拟机上遇到外部通信问题，该虚拟机从挂起的客户端下载数据，但这种症状与 Zabbix 读取数据之间的时间间隔，我想说，我们的下载源可能遇到问题，或者我们自己遇到问题，但我们的 ISP 当然否认有任何中断，并表明我们的丢包情况在这些时间段内一直很稳定。第一张图片显示了从 ASA 到交换机的传入端口上的丢包情况。注意：从 4:55AM 到 5:01AM，没有显示任何传出数据，值应为 0。同时，随机端口也显示此丢失，但是从 5:34AM 到 5:41AM，传入数据显示从 ASA 到交换机丢失，但同一随机端口未显示丢失。最后，从运行 Zabbix 客户端的 VM 来看，通信从未中断。
该图显示随机丢失，来自 Cisco SG200-50 交换机上的随机端口。
随机虚拟机在此时间段内没有显示任何损失。
思科支持人员感到困惑，因为如果这是一个坏的交换机，他们相信这将是一个可识别的模式，但是并没有排除当这种情况发生时交换机中可能出现的 CPU 峰值，因为我被告知无法从交换机中提取该数据，因为它是一个“小型企业级”交换机。
其他注意事项：由于 Hyper-V 主机配置了 NIC 组，因此未在 LAG 中配置端口，因为它们是在 Windows Server 2012 R2 主机上以交换机独立模式配置的。以下是使用 powershell 运行 Get-NetLbfoTeam cmdlet 的配置屏幕截图。
同时，我发现通过 VPN 隧道与监控无线接入点的远程站点之间的通信没有中断，并且 Zabbix 服务器必须通过连接到 ASA 的交换机上的端口进行通信才能到达 WAP。
当我询问 Cisco 由于此交换机具有 LAG 功能而是否应更改这一点时，他们说这应该不会对我看到的 Zabbix 中可能的数据丢失产生影响。我查看了各种 Zabbix 论坛，但找不到任何可以尝试更改的内容，但我确实调整了服务器以进行更多并发连接，从而可能消除 Zabbix 中可能导致读数不准确的某些内容。在 Zabbix 中，我目前监控不到十几个节点。我相信，在磁盘 I/O 较低的利用率较低的主机上，VM 配备 4 核和 4GB 内存就足够了。当我查看 Zabbix 服务器利用率时，它似乎利用率很低。下面是 Zabbix 3.0 服务器的简要快照。注意：我正在运行设备而不是从头开始构建，原因有二。一只是为了试用产品，二是监控的项目数量较少，监控 5 个项目应该没有问题。
CPU is idle 99.4% of the time
CPU spikes are less than 1%
Memory usage is roughly 70-75%
Network traffic us usually below 50Kbps with small spikes to around 240Kbps
100% free swap space
Zabbix value cache hits 7.21-7.46
No cache misses during the SNMP losses
以下是我的 Zabbix 服务器配置文件 /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
# This is a configuration file for Zabbix server daemon
# To get more information about Zabbix, visit http://www.zabbix.com
############ GENERAL PARAMETERS #################
### Option: ListenPort
# Listen port for trapper.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1024-32767
# Default:
# ListenPort=10051
### Option: SourceIP
# Source IP address for outgoing connections.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SourceIP=
### Option: LogType
# Specifies where log messages are written to:
# system - syslog
# file - file specified with LogFile parameter
# console - standard output
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LogType=file
### Option: LogFile
# Log file name for LogType 'file' parameter.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LogFile=
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log
### Option: LogFileSize
# Maximum size of log file in MB.
# 0 - disable automatic log rotation.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1024
# Default:
# LogFileSize=1
LogFileSize=0
### Option: DebugLevel
# Specifies debug level:
# 0 - basic information about starting and stopping of Zabbix processes
# 1 - critical information
# 2 - error information
# 3 - warnings
# 4 - for debugging (produces lots of information)
# 5 - extended debugging (produces even more information)
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-5
# Default:
# DebugLevel=3
### Option: PidFile
# Name of PID file.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# PidFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.pid
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
### Option: DBHost
# Database host name.
# If set to localhost, socket is used for MySQL.
# If set to empty string, socket is used for PostgreSQL.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBHost=localhost
### Option: DBName
# Database name.
# For SQLite3 path to database file must be provided. DBUser and DBPassword are ignored.
#
# Mandatory: yes
# Default:
# DBName=
DBName=zabbix
### Option: DBSchema
# Schema name. Used for IBM DB2 and PostgreSQL.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBSchema=
### Option: DBUser
# Database user. Ignored for SQLite.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBUser=
DBUser=zabbix
### Option: DBPassword
# Database password. Ignored for SQLite.
# Comment this line if no password is used.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBPassword=
DBPassword=gv5aLv2OKy
### Option: DBSocket
# Path to MySQL socket.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock
### Option: DBPort
# Database port when not using local socket. Ignored for SQLite.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1024-65535
# Default (for MySQL):
# DBPort=3306
############ ADVANCED PARAMETERS ################
### Option: StartPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of pollers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPollers=5
StartPollers=10
### Option: StartIPMIPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of IPMI pollers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartIPMIPollers=0
### Option: StartPollersUnreachable
# Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for unreachable hosts (including IPMI and Java).
# At least one poller for unreachable hosts must be running if regular, IPMI or Java pollers
# are started.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPollersUnreachable=1
StartPollersUnreachable=2
### Option: StartTrappers
# Number of pre-forked instances of trappers.
# Trappers accept incoming connections from Zabbix sender, active agents and active proxies.
# At least one trapper process must be running to display server availability and view queue
# in the frontend.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartTrappers=5
StartTrappers=10
### Option: StartPingers
# Number of pre-forked instances of ICMP pingers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartPingers=1
StartPingers=2
### Option: StartDiscoverers
# Number of pre-forked instances of discoverers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartDiscoverers=1
StartDiscoverers=8
### Option: StartHTTPPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of HTTP pollers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartHTTPPollers=1
StartHTTPPollers=10
### Option: StartTimers
# Number of pre-forked instances of timers.
# Timers process time-based trigger functions and maintenance periods.
# Only the first timer process handles the maintenance periods.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-1000
# Default:
# StartTimers=1
### Option: StartEscalators
# Number of pre-forked instances of escalators.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-100
# Default:
# StartEscalators=1
### Option: JavaGateway
# IP address (or hostname) of Zabbix Java gateway.
# Only required if Java pollers are started.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# JavaGateway=
JavaGateway=127.0.0.1
### Option: JavaGatewayPort
# Port that Zabbix Java gateway listens on.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1024-32767
# Default:
# JavaGatewayPort=10052
### Option: StartJavaPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of Java pollers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000
# Default:
# StartJavaPollers=0
StartJavaPollers=5
### Option: StartVMwareCollectors
# Number of pre-forked vmware collector instances.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartVMwareCollectors=0
### Option: VMwareFrequency
# How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain a new data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 10-86400
# Default:
# VMwareFrequency=60
### Option: VMwarePerfFrequency
# How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain performance data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 10-86400
# Default:
# VMwarePerfFrequency=60
### Option: VMwareCacheSize
# Size of VMware cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for storing VMware data.
# Only used if VMware collectors are started.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 256K-2G
# Default:
# VMwareCacheSize=8M
### Option: VMwareTimeout
# Specifies how many seconds vmware collector waits for response from VMware service.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-300
# Default:
# VMwareTimeout=10
### Option: SNMPTrapperFile
# Temporary file used for passing data from SNMP trap daemon to the server.
# Must be the same as in zabbix_trap_receiver.pl or SNMPTT configuration file.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SNMPTrapperFile=/tmp/zabbix_traps.tmp
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/zabbix/snmptrapfmt.log
### Option: StartSNMPTrapper
# If 1, SNMP trapper process is started.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1
# Default:
# StartSNMPTrapper=0
StartSNMPTrapper=1
### Option: ListenIP
# List of comma delimited IP addresses that the trapper should listen on.
# Trapper will listen on all network interfaces if this parameter is missing.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# ListenIP=0.0.0.0
# ListenIP=127.0.0.1
### Option: HousekeepingFrequency
# How often Zabbix will perform housekeeping procedure (in hours).
# Housekeeping is removing outdated information from the database.
# To prevent Housekeeper from being overloaded, no more than 4 times HousekeepingFrequency
# hours of outdated information are deleted in one housekeeping cycle, for each item.
# To lower load on server startup housekeeping is postponed for 30 minutes after server start.
# With HousekeepingFrequency=0 the housekeeper can be only executed using the runtime control option.
# In this case the period of outdated information deleted in one housekeeping cycle is 4 times the
# period since the last housekeeping cycle, but not less than 4 hours and not greater than 4 days.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-24
# Default:
# HousekeepingFrequency=1
### Option: MaxHousekeeperDelete
# The table "housekeeper" contains "tasks" for housekeeping procedure in the format:
# [housekeeperid], [tablename], [field], [value].
# No more than 'MaxHousekeeperDelete' rows (corresponding to [tablename], [field], [value])
# will be deleted per one task in one housekeeping cycle.
# SQLite3 does not use this parameter, deletes all corresponding rows without a limit.
# If set to 0 then no limit is used at all. In this case you must know what you are doing!
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-1000000
# Default:
# MaxHousekeeperDelete=5000
### Option: SenderFrequency
# How often Zabbix will try to send unsent alerts (in seconds).
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 5-3600
# Default:
# SenderFrequency=30
### Option: CacheSize
# Size of configuration cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for storing host, item and trigger data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-8G
# Default:
# CacheSize=8M
CacheSize=1G
### Option: CacheUpdateFrequency
# How often Zabbix will perform update of configuration cache, in seconds.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# CacheUpdateFrequency=60
### Option: StartDBSyncers
# Number of pre-forked instances of DB Syncers.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-100
# Default:
# StartDBSyncers=4
### Option: HistoryCacheSize
# Size of history cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for storing history data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# HistoryCacheSize=16M
HistoryCacheSize=256M
### Option: HistoryIndexCacheSize
# Size of history index cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for indexing history cache.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# HistoryIndexCacheSize=4M
### Option: TrendCacheSize
# Size of trend cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for storing trends data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 128K-2G
# Default:
# TrendCacheSize=4M
TrendCacheSize=512M
### Option: ValueCacheSize
# Size of history value cache, in bytes.
# Shared memory size for caching item history data requests.
# Setting to 0 disables value cache.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0,128K-64G
# Default:
# ValueCacheSize=8M
ValueCacheSize=32M
### Option: Timeout
# Specifies how long we wait for agent, SNMP device or external check (in seconds).
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-30
# Default:
# Timeout=3
Timeout=15
### Option: TrapperTimeout
# Specifies how many seconds trapper may spend processing new data.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-300
# Default:
# TrapperTimeout=300
### Option: UnreachablePeriod
# After how many seconds of unreachability treat a host as unavailable.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnreachablePeriod=45
### Option: UnavailableDelay
# How often host is checked for availability during the unavailability period, in seconds.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnavailableDelay=60
### Option: UnreachableDelay
# How often host is checked for availability during the unreachability period, in seconds.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# UnreachableDelay=15
### Option: AlertScriptsPath
# Full path to location of custom alert scripts.
# Default depends on compilation options.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AlertScriptsPath=${datadir}/zabbix/alertscripts
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
### Option: ExternalScripts
# Full path to location of external scripts.
# Default depends on compilation options.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# ExternalScripts=${datadir}/zabbix/externalscripts
ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts
### Option: FpingLocation
# Location of fping.
# Make sure that fping binary has root ownership and SUID flag set.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# FpingLocation=/usr/sbin/fping
FpingLocation=/usr/bin/fping
### Option: Fping6Location
# Location of fping6.
# Make sure that fping6 binary has root ownership and SUID flag set.
# Make empty if your fping utility is capable to process IPv6 addresses.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# Fping6Location=/usr/sbin/fping6
Fping6Location=/usr/bin/fping6
### Option: SSHKeyLocation
# Location of public and private keys for SSH checks and actions.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SSHKeyLocation=
### Option: LogSlowQueries
# How long a database query may take before being logged (in milliseconds).
# Only works if DebugLevel set to 3, 4 or 5.
# 0 - don't log slow queries.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600000
# Default:
# LogSlowQueries=0
LogSlowQueries=3000
### Option: TmpDir
# Temporary directory.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TmpDir=/tmp
### Option: StartProxyPollers
# Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for passive proxies.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 0-250
# Default:
# StartProxyPollers=1
### Option: ProxyConfigFrequency
# How often Zabbix Server sends configuration data to a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
# This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600*24*7
# Default:
# ProxyConfigFrequency=3600
### Option: ProxyDataFrequency
# How often Zabbix Server requests history data from a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
# This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Range: 1-3600
# Default:
# ProxyDataFrequency=1
### Option: AllowRoot
# Allow the server to run as 'root'. If disabled and the server is started by 'root', the server
# will try to switch to the user specified by the User configuration option instead.
# Has no effect if started under a regular user.
# 0 - do not allow
# 1 - allow
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# AllowRoot=0
### Option: User
# Drop privileges to a specific, existing user on the system.
# Only has effect if run as 'root' and AllowRoot is disabled.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# User=zabbix
### Option: Include
# You may include individual files or all files in a directory in the configuration file.
# Installing Zabbix will create include directory in /usr/local/etc, unless modified during the compile time.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# Include=
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.general.conf
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/
# Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/*.conf
### Option: SSLCertLocation
# Location of SSL client certificates.
# This parameter is used only in web monitoring.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SSLCertLocation=${datadir}/zabbix/ssl/certs
### Option: SSLKeyLocation
# Location of private keys for SSL client certificates.
# This parameter is used only in web monitoring.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SSLKeyLocation=${datadir}/zabbix/ssl/keys
### Option: SSLCALocation
# Override the location of certificate authority (CA) files for SSL server certificate verification.
# If not set, system-wide directory will be used.
# This parameter is used only in web monitoring and SMTP authentication.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# SSLCALocation=
####### LOADABLE MODULES #######
### Option: LoadModulePath
# Full path to location of server modules.
# Default depends on compilation options.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LoadModulePath=${libdir}/modules
### Option: LoadModule
# Module to load at server startup. Modules are used to extend functionality of the server.
# Format: LoadModule=<module.so>
# The modules must be located in directory specified by LoadModulePath.
# It is allowed to include multiple LoadModule parameters.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# LoadModule=
####### TLS-RELATED PARAMETERS #######
### Option: TLSCAFile
# Full pathname of a file containing the top-level CA(s) certificates for
# peer certificate verification.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TLSCAFile=
### Option: TLSCRLFile
# Full pathname of a file containing revoked certificates.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TLSCRLFile=
### Option: TLSCertFile
# Full pathname of a file containing the server certificate or certificate chain.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TLSCertFile=
### Option: TLSKeyFile
# Full pathname of a file containing the server private key.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# TLSKeyFile=
通过推理，我回到了交换机，但是我如何获得足够的数据以便 Cisco 更换交换机或在下一次更新中解决根本原因。交换机运行的是固件 1.4.0.88 和启动 1.3.5.06，而 Cisco 支持并未声明任何特定更新将专门解决交换机 SNMP 数据的准确性问题。除了更新固件（我将在下一次计划停机期间更新其他系统）之外，我也会这样做。有什么建议可以帮助确定这个根本原因吗？