我目前正在 MS 2012 R2 计算机上运行 WSUS 服务器。它应该更新企业网络中的所有计算机。
目前我面临的问题是，只有部分计算机和部分服务器能够成功从服务器获取更新。其他计算机无法获取更新，并创建了以下错误日志，您可以在下面找到。此外，所有出错的计算机也未在 WSUS 服务器上注册/在已注册计算机列表中找不到。
2017-04-06 11:15:25:256 1076 340 Agent ** START ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates]
2017-04-06 11:15:25:256 1076 340 Agent *********
2017-04-06 11:15:25:256 1076 340 Agent * Online = Yes; Ignore download priority = No
2017-04-06 11:15:25:256 1076 340 Agent * Criteria = "IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction='Installation' or IsPresent=1 and DeploymentAction='Uninstallation' or IsInstalled=1 and DeploymentAction='Installation' and RebootRequired=1 or IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction='Uninstallation' and RebootRequired=1"
2017-04-06 11:15:25:256 1076 340 Agent * ServiceID = {3DA21691-E39D-4DA6-8A4B-B43877BCB1B7} Managed
2017-04-06 11:15:25:256 1076 340 Agent * Search Scope = {Machine}
2017-04-06 11:15:25:257 1076 340 Setup Checking for agent SelfUpdate
2017-04-06 11:15:25:257 1076 340 Setup Client version: Core: 7.6.7601.23453 Aux: 7.6.7601.23453
2017-04-06 11:15:25:298 1076 340 Misc WARNING: WinHttp: SendRequestToServerForFileInformation failed with 0x80190193
2017-04-06 11:15:25:298 1076 340 Misc WARNING: WinHttp: ShouldFileBeDownloaded failed with 0x80190193
2017-04-06 11:15:25:298 1076 340 Misc WARNING: DownloadFileInternal failed for http://servername.domain.de:8530/selfupdate/wuident.cab: error 0x80190193
2017-04-06 11:15:25:298 1076 340 Setup FATAL: DownloadCab failed, err = 0x80190193
2017-04-06 11:15:25:298 1076 340 Setup WARNING: SelfUpdate check failed to download package information, error = 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:15:25:298 1076 340 Setup FATAL: SelfUpdate check failed, err = 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:15:25:299 1076 340 Agent * WARNING: Skipping scan, self-update check returned 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:15:25:299 1076 340 Agent * WARNING: Exit code = 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:15:25:299 1076 340 Agent *********
2017-04-06 11:15:25:299 1076 340 Agent ** END ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates]
2017-04-06 11:15:25:299 1076 340 Agent *************
2017-04-06 11:15:25:299 1076 340 Agent WARNING: WU client failed Searching for update with error 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:15:25:300 1076 1940 AU >>## RESUMED ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {0A53A94C-53EA-41FA-8C59-948374CB3C99}]
2017-04-06 11:15:25:300 1076 1940 AU # WARNING: Search callback failed, result = 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:15:25:300 1076 1940 AU # WARNING: Failed to find updates with error code 80244018
2017-04-06 11:15:25:300 1076 1940 AU #########
2017-04-06 11:15:25:300 1076 1940 AU ## END ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {0A53A94C-53EA-41FA-8C59-948374CB3C99}]
2017-04-06 11:15:25:300 1076 1940 AU #############
2017-04-06 11:15:25:301 1076 1940 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2017-04-06 11:15:25:301 1076 1940 AU AU setting next detection timeout to 2017-04-06 12:50:32
2017-04-06 11:15:25:302 1076 1940 AU Setting AU scheduled install time to 2017-04-07 10:00:00
2017-04-06 11:15:25:302 1076 1940 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2017-04-06 11:15:25:303 1076 1940 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0
2017-04-06 11:15:28:342 1076 340 Report REPORT EVENT: {330E68D8-2A4F-4CE2-BE80-DE664DD99254} 2017-04-06 11:15:23:342+0200 1 148 101 {D67661EB-2423-451D-BF5D-13199E37DF28} 1 80244018 SelfUpdate Failure Software Synchronization Windows Update Client failed to detect with error 0x80244018.
2017-04-06 11:15:28:342 1076 340 Report REPORT EVENT: {2656CBA2-80CE-4BBA-957A-151199F6E93B} 2017-04-06 11:15:25:298+0200 1 148 101 {D67661EB-2423-451D-BF5D-13199E37DF28} 1 80244018 SelfUpdate Failure Software Synchronization Windows Update Client failed to detect with error 0x80244018.
2017-04-06 11:15:28:367 1076 340 Report CWERReporter::HandleEvents - WER report upload completed with status 0x8
2017-04-06 11:15:28:367 1076 340 Report WER Report sent: 7.6.7601.23453 0x80244018(0) 67661EB-2423-451D-BF5D-13199E37DF28 Scan 1 0 SelfUpdate {3DA21691-E39D-4DA6-8A4B-B43877BCB1B7} 0
2017-04-06 11:15:28:381 1076 340 Report CWERReporter::HandleEvents - WER report upload completed with status 0x8
2017-04-06 11:15:28:381 1076 340 Report WER Report sent: 7.6.7601.23453 0x80244018(0) 67661EB-2423-451D-BF5D-13199E37DF28 Scan 1 0 SelfUpdate {3DA21691-E39D-4DA6-8A4B-B43877BCB1B7} 0
2017-04-06 11:17:12:532 1076 340 PT WARNING: Cached cookie has expired or new PID is available
2017-04-06 11:17:12:532 1076 340 PT Initializing simple targeting cookie, clientId = 799543b3-e459-460a-9f6a-1f43b08beb43, target group = , DNS name = m341
2017-04-06 11:17:12:532 1076 340 PT Server URL = http://servername.domain.de:8530/SimpleAuthWebService/SimpleAuth.asmx
2017-04-06 11:17:12:580 1076 340 PT WARNING: GetAuthorizationCookie failure, error = 0x80244018, soap client error = 10, soap error code = 0, HTTP status code = 403
2017-04-06 11:17:12:580 1076 340 PT WARNING: Failed to initialize Simple Targeting Cookie: 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:17:12:580 1076 340 PT WARNING: PopulateAuthCookies failed: 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:17:12:580 1076 340 PT WARNING: RefreshCookie failed: 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:17:12:580 1076 340 PT WARNING: RefreshPTState failed: 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:17:12:580 1076 340 PT WARNING: PTError: 0x80244018
2017-04-06 11:17:12:580 1076 340 Report WARNING: Reporter failed to upload events with hr = 80244018.
http://servername.domain.de:8530/SimpleAuthWebService/SimpleAuth.asmx有趣的是，我可以使用简单的网络浏览器（Mozilla Firefox）从受影响的机器成功访问 URL 。
答案1
解决方案
客户端
显然，导致原始问题中描述的错误的问题之一显然是受影响计算机的代理设置所致（例如，如 [1] 中所述）（有关更多信息，netsh请WinHTTP参阅 [2]）。根据 [1] 中的论坛帖子，执行以下命令是解决问题的第一步。
netsh winhttp reset proxy
cmd执行上述任一命令后，ps服务器必须重新启动。随后，wuauclt可以使用工具 [3] 尝试在受影响的计算机上自动配置更新：
wuauclt /detectnow /resetauthorization
wuauclt /reportnow
执行这些命令后，可以启动 Windows 更新实用程序来搜索更新。此时客户端应该成功找到更新。如果现在尝试安装，更新实用程序可能会返回错误代码 80244017。要解决此错误，必须对 WSUS 服务器进行一些修改。
服务器端
Jeff Graves [4] 可以排除与错误分配包含更新的 WSUS 服务器文件夹访问权限相关的错误。要纠正此错误，必须确保用户组（客户端）有权READ访问（NFTS权限）以下文件夹（ROOT-DIR即包含底层文件夹结构的分区）：
{ROOT-DIR}\WSUS\WsusContent
这里设置文件夹的权限非常重要，WsusContent因为仅为WSUS目录设置权限是不够的。
参考
[1]https://www.administrator.de/frage/windows-update-fehler-code-0x80244018-exchange-2010-332674.html
[2] Microsoft Technet (2011) - 为 WinHTTP 配置代理设置
[3] Microsoft Technet (2003) - 附录 H：wuauclt 实用程序
[4] Jeff Graves (2012) - WSUS 和更新下载失败 0x80244017 -http://jeffgraves.me/2012/07/27/wsus-and-update-download-failure-80244017/