我刚刚用 Postfix、Dovecot 和 Mysql 设置了一个邮件服务器。我可以向 Gmail、Hotmail 等发送/接收电子邮件，但从特定 Microsoft Mail Exchange 服务器（使用 Outlook）发送的邮件会从我的服务器退回。奇怪的是，我可以从我的服务器向这台 Microsoft 服务器发送邮件，没有任何问题，但反之则不行。我甚至尝试将此服务器的 IP 添加到 Postfix 上的“mynetworks”，但到目前为止没有成功。mail.log 或 mail.err 上也没有显示任何内容
以下是退回的详细信息：
Delivery has failed to these recipients or groups:
'[email protected]' ([email protected]) <mailto:[email protected]>
The e-mail address you entered couldn't be found. Please check the recipient's e-mail address and try to resend the message. If the problem continues, please contact your helpdesk.
Diagnostic information for administrators:
Generating server: xxx.MSserver.tdl
[email protected]
#550 5.1.1 RESOLVER.ADR.RecipNotFound; not found ##
Original message headers:
Received: from xxx.MSserver.tdl ([xxx:xxx]) by
xxx.MSserver.tdl ([xx:xxx]) with mapi id
14.03.0361.001; Sun, 5 Nov 2017 11:09:02 +0100
Content-Type: application/ms-tnef; name="winmail.dat"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
From: "[email protected]" <[email protected]>
To: "'[email protected]'" <[email protected]>
Subject: adsdsadsaads
Thread-Topic: adsdsadsaads
Thread-Index: AdNWHhlzozN+mupPTPWC2nI6WYXmdA==
Date: Sun, 5 Nov 2017 11:09:01 +0100
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Accept-Language: en-US, de-DE
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach:
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator: <[email protected]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Originating-IP: [xxxxx]
这是我的main.cf：
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (xxx)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/xxxxx.com/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/letsencrypt/live/xxxxx.com/privkey.pem
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.com/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_security_level = encrypt
smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.com/fullchain.pem
smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.com/fullchain.pem
smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.com/privkey.pem
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_ask_ccert = yes
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 4
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_sasl_authenticated,
permit_mynetworks,
reject_unauth_destination
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail
virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
#smtpd_relay_restrictions = defer_unauth_destination
mydomain = mydomain.com
myhostname = mail.mydomain.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = localhost
#relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
这是我的master.cf
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - y - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
policy-spf unix - n n - - spawn
user=nobody argv=/usr/bin/policyd-spf
答案1
您提到您刚刚设置了邮件服务器 - 这是否包括更新 DNS 记录？如果 DNS 记录最近已更改，则新记录可能尚未完全传播。
你可以用类似这样的工具来确认这一点https://dnschecker.org它显示了不同服务器之间的 DNS 传播。
#550 5.1.1 RESOLVER.ADR.RecipNotFound;您收到的错误也支持这一点 - 有关更多信息这里。该页面还提到检查您发送邮件的电子邮件地址中是否存在拼写错误。
如果原因在于 DNS 缓存，则您只需等到 Exchange 服务器的 DNS 记录更新。