问题
我有一台运行 LAMP 堆栈的 Debian 服务器。今天下午我的 MySQL 服务器莫名其妙地崩溃了，我似乎无法重新启动它。
当我尝试使用命令启动它时，service mysql start没有输出，也没有运行 mysql 实例。错误日志也没有记录任何内容。
我尝试过
当我尝试使用mysqld控制台中的命令启动新实例时，我只收到以下消息：
171113 18:44:52 [Warning] Using unique option prefix key_buffer instead of key_buffer_size is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
171113 18:44:52 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.5.55-0+deb7u1) starting as process 6279 ...
但是使用 top 命令检查正在运行的进程列表显示没有正在运行的 mysql 实例。
检查 /var/log/mysql/error.log 时我得到以下信息：
171113 15:02:08 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 372845412514
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite
InnoDB: buffer...
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 372846067858
171113 15:02:08 InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
InnoDB: Progress in percents: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
171113 15:02:09 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
171113 15:02:10 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 372846067858
171113 15:02:10 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306
171113 15:02:10 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1';
171113 15:02:10 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'.
171113 15:02:10 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: No such file or directory
171113 15:02:10 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ?
171113 15:02:10 [ERROR] Aborting
171113 15:02:10 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
171113 15:02:10 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 372846067942
171113 15:02:10 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete
171113 15:05:25 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
171113 15:05:25 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
171113 15:05:25 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
171113 15:05:25 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
171113 15:05:25 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
171113 15:05:25 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
171113 15:05:25 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
171113 15:05:25 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
171113 15:05:25 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
171113 15:05:26 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 372846067942
mysqld: Too many arguments (first extra is 'stop').
Use --verbose --help to get a list of available options
171113 15:05:26 [ERROR] Aborting
171113 15:05:26 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
171113 15:05:27 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 372846067942
171113 15:05:27 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete
171113 15:09:15 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
171113 15:09:15 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
171113 15:09:15 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
171113 15:09:15 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
171113 15:09:15 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
171113 15:09:15 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
171113 15:09:15 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
171113 15:09:15 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
171113 15:09:15 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
171113 15:09:16 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 372846067942
171113 15:09:16 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306
171113 15:09:16 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1';
171113 15:09:16 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'.
171113 15:09:16 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: No such file or directory
171113 15:09:16 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ?
171113 15:09:16 [ERROR] Aborting
171113 15:09:16 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
171113 15:09:17 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 372846067942
171113 15:09:17 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete
171113 15:10:04 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
171113 15:10:04 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
171113 15:10:04 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
171113 15:10:04 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
171113 15:10:04 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
171113 15:10:04 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
171113 15:10:04 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
171113 15:10:04 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
171113 15:10:05 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
171113 15:10:06 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 372846067942
171113 15:10:06 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306
171113 15:10:06 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1';
171113 15:10:06 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'.
171113 15:10:06 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: No such file or directory
171113 15:10:06 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ?
171113 15:10:06 [ERROR] Aborting
171113 15:10:06 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
171113 15:10:06 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 372846067942
171113 15:10:06 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete
171113 15:10:16 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
171113 15:10:16 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
171113 15:10:16 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
171113 15:10:16 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
171113 15:10:16 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
171113 15:10:16 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
171113 15:10:16 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
171113 15:10:16 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
171113 15:10:16 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
171113 15:10:17 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 372846067942
mysqld: Too many arguments (first extra is 'stop').
Use --verbose --help to get a list of available options
171113 15:10:17 [ERROR] Aborting
171113 15:10:17 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
171113 15:10:17 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 372846067942
171113 15:10:17 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete
171113 18:44:53 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
171113 18:44:53 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
171113 18:44:53 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
171113 18:44:53 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
171113 18:44:53 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
171113 18:44:53 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
171113 18:44:53 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
171113 18:44:53 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
171113 18:44:53 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
171113 18:44:54 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 372846067942
mysqld: Too many arguments (first extra is 'start').
Use --verbose --help to get a list of available options
171113 18:44:54 [ERROR] Aborting
171113 18:44:54 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
171113 18:44:55 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 372846067942
171113 18:44:55 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete
因此，至少该mysqld命令显示了一个错误...但我却一无所知。
简短回顾
service mysql restart什么也没做mysqld给出控制台输出但立即停止并引发错误（错误日志如上所示）
有人能指出正确的方向来弄清楚如何：
- 通过首选的“服务方式”重新启动我的 mysql 服务器进程
- 避免将来再发生此类情况
编辑：有一些进展
我玩了一会儿，找到了一个让它运行的粗暴方法，目前为止。在命令mysqld中创建文件夹后，就可以正常工作了。但这感觉非常不合时宜，每次服务器重启时我都必须在 /var/run 中重新创建 mysqld 文件夹。/var/run/mysqldmysqld
在 /var/run 中创建 mysqld 文件夹后，我得到以下输出：root@id93401-vps002:~# mysqld
171113 20:31:30 [Warning] Using unique option prefix key_buffer instead of key_buffer_size is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
171113 20:31:30 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.5.55-0+deb7u1) starting as process 2048 ...
这至少暂时能让网站维持运转。我目前正在使用 来维护 mysql nohup mysqld。
我的配置文件位于/etc/mysql/my.cnf
# GNU nano 2.2.6 File: my.cnf
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html
# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram
# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
GNU nano 2.2.6 File: my.cnf
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
GNU nano 2.2.6 File: my.cnf
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html
# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram
# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0
[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched myisam-recover-options = BACKUP
#max_connections = 100
#table_cache = 64
#thread_concurrency = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#slow_query_log = 1
#slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change.
#server-id = 1
#log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
#binlog_do_db = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
# # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 16M
#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
# The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
答案1
发布的第一个线索是要求您在 my.cnf 中将 key_buffer = 16M 更改为 key_buffer_size = 16M。