我正在尝试在框架的帮助下创建我的第一个 MVC 项目Laravel，使用服务器平台统一服务器. （统一服务器使用阿帕奇。
问题是，我似乎无法让我的路线正常工作。我怀疑这是因为在尝试访问http://localhost/项目名称/public/，我收到以下错误：
Forbidden
You don't have permission to access /project_name/public/ on this server.
即错误 403。
经过一番研究，我发现这是 .htaccess 的问题，或者是我的服务器配置的问题。这是因为，如果我理解正确的话，就是没有授予对该文件夹的访问权限。
听起来很容易修复，但我发现的所有修复方法似乎都不起作用，或者不适用于我使用的服务器平台。我一定是漏掉了什么。
此外，在浏览 localhost 中的文件夹时，公共文件夹实际上并未显示，就像其他文件夹一样。我只能通过在 URL 字段中输入路径才能“到达”它。但是，该文件夹显然存在，因为我收到 403 错误而不是 404。当然，它在文件资源管理器中显示正常。
这是我的.htaccess 文件：
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
<IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
Options -MultiViews -Indexes
</IfModule>
RewriteEngine On
# Handle Authorization Header
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Authorization} .
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
# Redirect Trailing Slashes If Not A Folder...
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (.+)/$
RewriteRule ^ %1 [L,R=301]
# Handle Front Controller...
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]
</IfModule>
对于 Uniform Server，这是 httpd.conf 文件：
#############################################
### Uniform Server - Apache Configuration ###
#############################################
# Environment variable ${PHP_SELECT} has a value of php52,
# php53, php54, php55 or php56. It is used in the following
# five define statements to select a PHP version to
# load as a module.
Define ${PHP_SELECT}
<IfDefine php53>
Include ${US_ROOTF}/core/apache2/conf/extra_us/php53.conf
</IfDefine>
<IfDefine php54>
Include ${US_ROOTF}/core/apache2/conf/extra_us/php54.conf
</IfDefine>
<IfDefine php55>
Include ${US_ROOTF}/core/apache2/conf/extra_us/php55.conf
</IfDefine>
<IfDefine php56>
Include ${US_ROOTF}/core/apache2/conf/extra_us/php56.conf
</IfDefine>
<IfDefine php70>
Include ${US_ROOTF}/core/apache2/conf/extra_us/php70.conf
</IfDefine>
<IfDefine php71>
Include ${US_ROOTF}/core/apache2/conf/extra_us/php71.conf
</IfDefine>
#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/access_log"
# with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2" will be interpreted by the
# server as "/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log", whereas "/logs/access_log"
# will be interpreted as '/logs/access_log'.
#
#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
AcceptFilter http none
EnableSendfile Off
EnableMMAP off
ServerRoot "${US_ROOTF}/core/apache2"
PidFile ${US_ROOTF}/core/apache2/logs/httpd.pid
#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen ${AP_PORT}
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule allowmethods_module modules/mod_allowmethods.so
LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
#LoadModule auth_form_module modules/mod_auth_form.so
#LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so
LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so
#LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so
#LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
#LoadModule authn_socache_module modules/mod_authn_socache.so
#LoadModule authnz_fcgi_module modules/mod_authnz_fcgi.so
#LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so
LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so
#LoadModule authz_dbd_module modules/mod_authz_dbd.so
#LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
#LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so
LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
#LoadModule buffer_module modules/mod_buffer.so
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
#LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so
#LoadModule cache_socache_module modules/mod_cache_socache.so
#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
#LoadModule charset_lite_module modules/mod_charset_lite.so
#LoadModule data_module modules/mod_data.so
LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
#LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so
#LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
#LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
#LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so
#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so
LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
#LoadModule http2_module modules/mod_http2.so
LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
#LoadModule heartbeat_module modules/mod_heartbeat.so
#LoadModule heartmonitor_module modules/mod_heartmonitor.so
#LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so
#LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so
LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so
#LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so
#LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so
#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
#LoadModule log_debug_module modules/mod_log_debug.so
#LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so
#LoadModule lua_module modules/mod_lua.so
#LoadModule macro_module modules/mod_macro.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
#LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule proxy_express_module modules/mod_proxy_express.so
#LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_html_module modules/mod_proxy_html.so
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so
#LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module modules/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so
#LoadModule ratelimit_module modules/mod_ratelimit.so
#LoadModule reflector_module modules/mod_reflector.so
#LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so
#LoadModule request_module modules/mod_request.so
#LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
#LoadModule sed_module modules/mod_sed.so
#LoadModule session_module modules/mod_session.so
#LoadModule session_cookie_module modules/mod_session_cookie.so
#LoadModule session_crypto_module modules/mod_session_crypto.so
#LoadModule session_dbd_module modules/mod_session_dbd.so
LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
#LoadModule slotmem_plain_module modules/mod_slotmem_plain.so
#LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
#LoadModule socache_dbm_module modules/mod_socache_dbm.so
#LoadModule socache_memcache_module modules/mod_socache_memcache.so
LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so
#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
#LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so
#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so
LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
#LoadModule watchdog_module modules/mod_watchdog.so
#LoadModule xml2enc_module modules/mod_xml2enc.so
#LoadModule plua_module modules/mod_plua.so
#Added new module
<IfModule http2_module>
ProtocolsHonorOrder On
Protocols h2 http/1.1
</IfModule>
<IfModule unixd_module>
User daemon
Group daemon
</IfModule>
# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#
#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents. e.g. [email protected]
#
ServerAdmin admin@${US_SERVERNAME}
#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName ${US_SERVERNAME}
#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
#mine
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride all
#Require all denied
</Directory>
#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#
#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "${US_ROOTF_WWW}"
<Directory "${US_ROOTF_WWW}">
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
# doesn't give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
#Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
Options Indexes Includes
#
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride All
#
# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
#
Require all granted
</Directory>
#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.shtml index.html.var index.htm index.php3 index.php index.lua index.pl index.cgi
</IfModule>
#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<Files ".ht*">
Require all denied
</Files>
#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error.log"
#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn
<IfModule log_config_module>
#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive (see below).
#
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
<IfModule logio_module>
# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
</IfModule>
#
# If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
#
CustomLog "logs/access.log" combined
</IfModule>
<IfModule alias_module>
Alias /us_docs "${US_ROOTF}/docs/"
#opt1>phpMyAdmin opt2>Adminer opt3>phpMyBaskupPro
Alias /us_opt1 "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_opt1/"
Alias /us_opt2 "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_opt2/"
Alias /us_opt3 "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_opt3/"
Alias /us_pac "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_pac/"
Alias /us_mongoadmin "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_mongoadmin/"
Alias /us_pear "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_pear/"
Alias /us_splash "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_splash/"
Alias /us_extra "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_extra/"
Alias /webalizer "${US_ROOTF}/webalizer/"
Alias /us_test_access "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_access/www/"
#
# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
# client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
# directives as to Alias.
#
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "${US_ROOTF}/cgi-bin/"
</IfModule>
<IfModule cgid_module>
#
# ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX
# socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.
#
#Scriptsock logs/cgisock
</IfModule>
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/docs/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
#== Default phpMyAdmin
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_opt1/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
#== Default Adminer
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_opt2/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
#== Default phpMyBackupPro
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_opt3/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
#== PAC - Location to serve proxy.pac
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_pac/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_mongoadmin/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_pear/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_splash/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_extra/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/webalizer/">
Options Indexes Includes
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/us_access/www/">
Require all granted
</Directory>
#
# "c:/Apache24/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/cgi-bin/">
AllowOverride All
Options ExecCGI
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "${US_ROOTF}/home/admin/www/cgi-bin/">
AllowOverride All
Options ExecCGI
Require all granted
</Directory>
<IfModule mime_module>
#
# TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
# filename extension to MIME-type.
#
TypesConfig conf/mime.types
#
# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
#
#AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
#
# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
#
#AddEncoding x-compress .Z
#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
#
# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
#
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
# PAC files e.g proxy.pac
AddType application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig .pac
#used for configuring auto detect setting using DNS
#AddType application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig .dat
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c>
MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>
# Supplemental configuration
#
# The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be
# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of
# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as
# necessary.
# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
# Multi-language error messages
#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
# Fancy directory listings
Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf
# Language settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf
# User home directories
#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
# Real-time info on requests and configuration
Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
##====== VIRTUAL HOST ===========
#To enable uncomment next line
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf
# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf
# Various default settings
Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
<IfModule ssl_module>
# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
</IfModule>
# Deflate Module configuration
<IfModule deflate_module>
Include conf/extra/httpd-deflate.conf
</IfModule>
# FastCGI Module configuration
<IfModule fcgid_module>
Include conf/extra/httpd-fcgid.conf
</IfModule>
# Proxy Html Module configuration
<IfModule proxy_html_module>
Include conf/extra/httpd-proxy-html.conf
</IfModule>
# Uptime Module configuration
<IfModule uptime_module>
Include conf/extra/httpd-uptime.conf
</IfModule>
# Uniform Server Lua config
<IfModule lua_module>
Include conf/extra/us_lua.conf
</IfModule>
# Uniform Server pLua config
<IfModule plua_module>
Include conf/extra/us_plua.conf
</IfModule>
# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
#
# Note: The following must must be present to support
# starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
# but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
#
<IfModule ssl_module>
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_winnt_module>
ThreadStackSize 8888888
</IfModule>
编辑1：
我检查了我的 apache 错误日志并发现了以下内容：
[2017 年 12 月 1 日星期五 12：24：50.572746] [rewrite：error] [pid 20384：tid 1844] [client ::1：60851] AH00670：选项 FollowSymLinks 和 SymLinksIfOwnerMatch 均已关闭，因此 RewriteRule 指令也被禁止，因为它具有类似的规避目录限制的能力：C：/Users/Admin/Uniform/UniServerZ/www/project_name/public/
啊哈！所以也许这确实是我的服务器配置？
答案1
我可以通过如下编辑 httpd.config 来解决 403 错误：
DocumentRoot "${US_ROOTF_WWW}"
<Directory "${US_ROOTF_WWW}">
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
# doesn't give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
#Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
Options Indexes Includes
#
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride All
#
# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
#
Require all granted
#ADDED THIS
#Options FollowSymLinks
Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
</Directory>