我遇到一个问题，ubuntu 18.04 上的 kopano / postfix 无法向我自己的域发送邮件。
我的域名例如：example.com
我尝试发送一封邮件[电子邮件保护]到[电子邮件保护] 出现以下错误：
Jun 21 13:25:32 exchange postfix/qmgr[13899]: C30943A15A3: from=<not-
[email protected]>, size=3784, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Jun 21 13:25:32 exchange amavis[3249]: (03249-05) Passed CLEAN {RelayedInbound}, [xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]:63079 [xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] <not- [email protected]> -> <[email protected]>, Queue-ID: 456423A142E, Message-ID: <[email protected]>, mail_id: zhlvJZ3aV8GE, Hits: 2.2, size: 2952, queued_as: C30943A15A3, 1507 ms
Jun 21 13:25:32 exchange postfix/lmtp[16290]: connect to example.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xx]:24: Connection refused
Jun 21 13:25:32 exchange postfix/lmtp[16290]: C30943A15A3: to= <[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.01, delays=0/0/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to example.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]:24: Connection refused)
Jun 21 13:25:33 exchange postfix/smtps/smtpd[14561]: disconnect from unknown[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] ehlo=1 auth=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=6
这是 postconf -n 的输出
root@exchange:~# postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
append_dot_mydomain = no
biff = no
bounce_queue_lifetime = 10m
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
compatibility_level = 2
content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
disable_vrfy_command = yes
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
mailbox_size_limit = 0
maximal_queue_lifetime = 10m
message_size_limit = 10240000
mydestination = localhost
myhostname = exchange.example.com
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
myorigin = exchange.example.com
readme_directory = no
recipient_delimiter = +
smtp_bind_address = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP
smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_proxy_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_non_fqdn_sender
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated
smtpd_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/mailcert.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/mailcert.key
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_use_tls = yes
strict_rfc821_envelopes = yes
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
virtual_mailbox_domains = example.com
virtual_mailbox_limit = 0
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-users.cf
virtual_transport = lmtp
这是 postconf -M 的输出
root@exchange:~# postconf -M
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp -o syslog_name=postfix/$service_name
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user}
smtp-amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200 -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes -o disable_dns_lookups=yes -o max_use=20
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd -o content_filter= -o local_recipient_maps= -o relay_recipient_maps= -o smtpd_restriction_classes= -o smtpd_delay_reject=no -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= - o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining -o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions= -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8 -o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0 -o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001 -o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000 -o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0 -o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0 -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks
2003 inet n - - - - lmtp
答案1
我发现这些错误非常明显：
connect to localhost[127.0.0.1]:2003: Connection refused
status=deferred (connect to localhost[127.0.0.1]:2003: Connection refused)
您的对应行main.cf：
virtual_transport = lmtp:[localhost]:2003
virtual_transport（默认：virtual）默认邮件投递传输和最终投递到 列出的域的下一跳目的地
$virtual_mailbox_domains。此信息可以用transport(5)表格来覆盖。指定格式
transport:nexthop为运输是 中定义的邮件投递传输的名称master.cf。:nexthop目标是可选的；其语法记录在相应投递代理的手册页中。
中的默认lmtp传输master.cf是lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp使用 UNIX 套接字而不是 TCP 端口。LMTP 的默认 TCP 端口通常为 24。如果您没有专门配置 LMTP 来监听localhost:2003，那就是错误。
我们不能肯定地说你想做什么，但可能的解决方案可能包括：
- 添加
2003 inet n - - - - lmtp到master.cfOR - 删除主机名和端口，即
virtual_transport = lmtp或 - 全部删除
virtual_transport = lmtp:[localhost]:2003，即使用默认。