我遇到了以下问题，并在 Google 上搜索了数周。因为我真的不知道问题出在哪里，所以我在这里提问，希望能找到一些 ldap 或 ssl 天才 :)
我有一个运行良好的 openLdap 服务器和一个独立的客户端机器（均运行 Linux Ubuntu 16.04.5）。连接正常。现在我想使用 ldaps 保护连接。
首先，我改变了 SLAPD_SERVICES
/etc/默认/slapd
从ldap:/// ldapi:///到ldap:/// ldaps:/// ldapi:///
然后我创建了一个自己的 CA，它具有自签名证书和 ldap 服务器密钥、csr 和 crt（由我构建的 CA 签名）。
我已将自己的 ca.crt 复制到受信任的证书中
在 /usr/local/share/ca-证书/
并执行此命令：
sudo 更新 ca 证书
我已将 ca.crt、ldap.key 和 ldap.crt 复制到 openldap/etc/ldap/ssl/files并使其归属于 openldap (chown & chgrp)
完成此操作后，我按照教程进行操作（https://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=Debian_9&p=openldap&f=4）创建 mod_ssl.ldif
#修改 SSL 配置文件
dn: cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcTLSCACertificateFile
olcTLSCACertificateFile: /etc/ldap/ssl/files/ca.crt
-
replace: olcTLSCertificateFile
olcTLSCertificateFile: /etc/ldap/ssl/files/ldap.crt
-
replace: olcTLSCertificateKeyFile
olcTLSCertificateKeyFile: /etc/ldap/ssl/files/ldap.key
创建 ldif 后，我想使用此命令将其添加到我的配置中
ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f mod_ssl.ldif
该命令的输出是：
#root@ldap-server:/etc/ldap/schema# ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f mod_ssl.ldif SASL/EXTERNAL 身份验证已启动 SASL 用户名：gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth SASL SSF：0 修改条目“cn=config” ldap_result：无法联系 LDAP 服务器（-1）
执行此命令后，我的 slapd 就死了。（--> 在执行此命令之前netstat -tulpan和之后检查了开放端口。）
使用以下命令重启 slapd/etc/init.d/slapd restart
我使用 loglevel -1 启用了 slapd 的日志记录
据我了解，日志完全干净，没有任何问题。
尾部-f / var / log / syslog
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on 1 descriptor
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: slap_listener_activate(11):
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=9 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=10 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=11 busy
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: >>> slap_listener(ldapi:///)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: listen=11, new connection on 16
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on 1 descriptor
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: added 16r (active) listener=(nil)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 fd=16 ACCEPT from PATH=/var/run/slapd/ldapi (PATH=/var/run/slapd/ldapi)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=9 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=10 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=11 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on 2 descriptors
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: 16r
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: read active on 16
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=9 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=10
active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=11 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: connection_get(16)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: connection_get(16): got connid=1001
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: connection_read(16): checking for input on id=1001
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: op tag 0x60, time 1539932357
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on 1 descriptor
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=9 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=10 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=11 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=0 do_bind
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: >>> dnPrettyNormal: <>
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <<< dnPrettyNormal: <>, <>
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=0 BIND dn="" method=163
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: do_bind: dn () SASL mech EXTERNAL
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: ==> sasl_bind: dn="" mech=EXTERNAL datalen=0
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: SASL Canonicalize [conn=1001]: authcid="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: slap_sasl_getdn: conn 1001 id=gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth [len=55]
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: ==>slap_sasl2dn: converting SASL name gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth to a DN
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <==slap_sasl2dn: Converted SASL name to <nothing>
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: SASL Canonicalize [conn=1001]: slapAuthcDN="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: SASL proxy authorize [conn=1001]: authcid="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" authzid="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=0 BIND authcid="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" authzid="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: SASL Authorize [conn=1001]: proxy authorization allowed authzDN=""
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: send_ldap_sasl: err=0 len=-1
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=0 BIND dn="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" mech=EXTERNAL sasl_ssf=0 ssf=71
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: do_bind: SASL/EXTERNAL bind: dn="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth" sasl_ssf=0
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: send_ldap_response: msgid=1 tag=97 err=0
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server kernel: [ 1801.480222] slapd[1468]: segfault at 35 ip 00007f1093e55360 sp 00007f104bffc268 error 4 in libgmp.so.10.3.0[7f1093e41000+7f000]
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=0 RESULT tag=97 err=0 text=
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <== slap_sasl_bind: rc=0
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on 1 descriptor
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: 16r
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: read active on 16
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=9 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=10 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=11 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: connection_get(16)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: connection_get(16): got connid=1001
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: connection_read(16): checking for input on id=1001
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: op tag 0x66, time 1539932357
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=1 do_modify
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=1 do_modify: dn (cn=config)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: >>> dnPrettyNormal: <cn=config>
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <<< dnPrettyNormal: <cn=config>, <cn=config>
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=1 modifications:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: #011add: olcTLSCACertificateFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: #011#011one value, length 33
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: #011replace: olcTLSCertificateFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: #011#011one value, length 35
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: #011replace: olcTLSCertificateKeyFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: #011#011one value, length 35
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=1 MOD dn="cn=config"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: conn=1001 op=1 MOD attr=olcTLSCACertificateFile olcTLSCertificateFile olcTLSCertificateKeyFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: result not in cache (olcTLSCACertificateFile)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: add access to "cn=config" "olcTLSCACertificateFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_get: [1] attr olcTLSCACertificateFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: access to entry "cn=config", attr "olcTLSCACertificateFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: to value by "gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth", (=0)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= check a_dn_pat: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] applying manage(=mwrscxd) (stop)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] mask: manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => slap_access_allowed: add access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: add access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: result not in
cache (olcTLSCertificateFile)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: delete access to "cn=config" "olcTLSCertificateFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_get: [1] attr olcTLSCertificateFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: access to entry "cn=config", attr "olcTLSCertificateFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: to all values by "gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth", (=0)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= check a_dn_pat: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] applying manage(=mwrscxd) (stop)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] mask: manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => slap_access_allowed: delete access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: delete access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: result not in cache (olcTLSCertificateFile)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: add access to "cn=config" "olcTLSCertificateFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_get: [1] attr olcTLSCertificateFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: access to entry "cn=config", attr "olcTLSCertificateFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: to value by "gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth", (=0)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= check a_dn_pat: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] applying manage(=mwrscxd) (stop)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] mask: manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => slap_access_allowed: add access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: add access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: result not in cache (olcTLSCertificateKeyFile)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: delete access to "cn=config" "olcTLSCertificateKeyFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_get: [1] attr olcTLSCertificateKeyFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: access to entry "cn=config", attr "olcTLSCertificateKeyFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: to all values by "gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth", (=0)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= check a_dn_pat: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] applying
manage(=mwrscxd) (stop)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] mask: manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => slap_access_allowed: delete access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: delete access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: result not in cache (olcTLSCertificateKeyFile)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: add access to "cn=config" "olcTLSCertificateKeyFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_get: [1] attr olcTLSCertificateKeyFile
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: access to entry "cn=config", attr "olcTLSCertificateKeyFile" requested
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => acl_mask: to value by "gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth", (=0)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= check a_dn_pat: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] applying manage(=mwrscxd) (stop)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: <= acl_mask: [1] mask: manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => slap_access_allowed: add access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: => access_allowed: add access granted by manage(=mwrscxd)
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: slap_queue_csn: queueing 0x7f104bffc340 20181019065917.048487Z#000000#000#000000
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_required entry (cn=config), objectClass "olcGlobal"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "objectClass"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "cn"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "olcArgsFile"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "olcLogLevel"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type
"olcPidFile"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "olcToolThreads"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "structuralObjectClass"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "entryUUID"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "creatorsName"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "createTimestamp"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "olcTLSCACertificateFile"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "olcTLSCertificateFile"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "olcTLSCertificateKeyFile"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "entryCSN"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "modifiersName"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: oc_check_allowed type "modifyTimestamp"
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on 1 descriptor
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: activity on:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]:
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=9 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=10 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
Oct 19 08:59:17 ldap-server slapd[1464]: daemon: epoll: listen=11 active_threads=0 tvp=zero
最后但并非最不重要的一点是，这是我的输出
网络状态-tulpan
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q 本地地址 外部地址 状态 PID/程序名称
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* 监听
992/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:* 侦听 1535/slapd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:* 侦听 1535/slapd
更新：我已将我的 ldap-client 机器配置为使用 ldaps（在配置 ldaps 之前，通过 ldap 一切都运行正常：389）
- 从 ldap 服务器添加了 CA.crt，并像上面描述的那样信任它
- 更改
/etc/ldap/ldap.conf并添加新受信任 CA.crt 的路径 - 更改
/etc/ldap.conf为使用 ldaps 并取消注释 ssl start_tls 行 - 执行命令后更改了 ldap uri
sudo dpkg-reconfigure ldap-auth-config
我重新启动了客户端机器，并在我的 ldap 服务器上打开了 tcpdump，监听客户端的 ip 和端口范围 389-636 的所有连接
10:00:27.149772 IP ldap-client.52803 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [S], seq 1684570111, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 4294902186 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:00:27.149813 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52803: Flags [S.], seq 3586026827, ack 1684570112, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1292850 ecr 4294902186,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:00:27.149924 IP ldap-client.52803 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [.], ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902186 ecr 1292850], length 0
10:00:27.151549 IP ldap-client.52803 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [P.], seq 1:118, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902186 ecr 1292850], length 117
10:00:27.151567 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52803: Flags [.], ack 118, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1292850 ecr 4294902186], length 0
10:00:27.151949 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52803: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack 118, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1292850 ecr 4294902186], length 0
10:00:27.152095 IP ldap-client.52803 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [.], ack 2, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902187 ecr 1292850], length 0
10:00:27.152157 IP ldap-client.52803 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [F.], seq 118, ack 2, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902187 ecr 1292850], length 0
10:00:27.152174 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52803: Flags [.], ack 119, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1292850 ecr 4294902187], length 0
10:00:27.152288 IP ldap-client.52804 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [S], seq 1697088540, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 4294902187 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:00:27.152305 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52804: Flags [S.], seq 2792459463, ack 1697088541, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1292850 ecr 4294902187,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:00:27.152360 IP ldap-client.52804 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [.], ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902187 ecr 1292850], length 0
10:00:27.152502 IP ldap-client.52804 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [P.], seq 1:118, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902187 ecr 1292850], length 117
10:00:27.152512 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52804: Flags [.], ack 118, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1292850 ecr 4294902187], length 0
10:00:27.152909 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52804: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack 118, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1292850 ecr 4294902187], length 0
10:00:27.152998 IP ldap-client.52804 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [F.], seq 118, ack 2, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902187 ecr 1292850], length 0
10:00:27.153010 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52804: Flags [.], ack 119, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1292850 ecr 4294902187], length 0
10:00:28.153396 IP ldap-client.52805 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [S], seq 592612370, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 4294902437 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:00:28.153437 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52805: Flags [S.], seq 1983710944, ack 592612371, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1293101 ecr 4294902437,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:00:28.153580 IP ldap-client.52805 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [.], ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902437 ecr 1293101], length 0
10:00:28.153759 IP ldap-client.52805 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [P.], seq 1:118, ack 1, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902437 ecr 1293101], length 117
10:00:28.153767 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52805: Flags [.], ack 118, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1293101 ecr 4294902437], length 0
10:00:28.154285 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52805: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack 118, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1293101 ecr 4294902437], length 0
10:00:28.154413 IP ldap-client.52805 > ldap-server.ldaps: Flags [F.], seq 118, ack 2, win 229, options [nop,nop,TS val 4294902437 ecr 1293101], length 0
10:00:28.154423 IP ldap-server.ldaps > ldap-client.52805: Flags [.], ack 119, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 1293101 ecr 4294902437], length 0
^C
513 packets captured
513 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
61 packets dropped by interface
我希望有人知道我的问题并能帮助我:) 问候 Tabby
答案1
这是不是真正的答案，但我缺少 50 点声望点来添加评论：
如果您使用以下命令从客户端角度进行调试，您可能会深入了解错误：
ldapsearch -x -LLL -ZZ -d 1
/etc/ldap/ssl/files我怀疑这可能会泄露有关证书错误的信息。另外，由于您使用的是 Ubuntu，请在末尾添加以下内容，以确保 AppArmor 不会阻止对证书的访问：
/etc/ldap/ssl/files/ r,
/etc/ldap/ssl/files/* r,
您可以通过 检查 AppArmor 错误journalctl -xaeu apparmor。
您可以openldap通过以下命令检查用户是否确实可以读取身份验证所需的文件：
sudo -u openldap head -1 /etc/ldap/ssl/files/*
另外，您永远不应该使用 LDAPS，而应该使用 LDAP+STARTTLS，如LDAP 安全性的最佳实践作者：安德鲁·芬德利（Andrew Findlay）。
另外，请尝试在要显示为等宽字体的文本前添加 4 个空格，以使您的帖子更具可读性。
答案2
终于我成功了。我在这篇博客中找到了答案https://web.archive.org/web/20150530064010/http://rogermoffatt.com/2011/08/24/ubuntu-openldap-with-ssltls/
为密钥和证书创建这 2 个 .pem 文件后，我关注了博客，更改了 .pem 文件的所有权并创建了 ldif 文件。
此外，我已将证书添加到受信任的证书中，并将路径添加到 /etc/ldap/ldap.conf，并在其中添加新行 TLS_REQCERT never。
在客户端，我复制了 certificate.pem 并将其转换为 .crt 文件，然后我将 bpth 文件添加到受信任的证书并对其进行了更新
我已从 /etc/ldap.conf 中取消注释 ssl start_tls ssl on 行，并在同一文件中将 uri 从 ldap:// 设置为 ldaps://
对于使用 ssh 脚本从 ldap 服务器获取 ssh 密钥的用户，需要调整脚本中的 uri
就是这样！