昨晚，我注意到 Ubuntu 服务器上的系统时钟快了 5 分钟，所以我运行了“ntpdate pool.ntp.org”命令并上床睡觉。
今天早上我注意到 SAMBA 股票不起作用。查看服务器，我开始看到权限设置为？？？股票所在的交易量。
我重新启动服务器，可以看到 mdadm 失败：
[ 13.920349] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb]
[ 13.920388] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor]
[ 13.920499] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):
[ 13.920559] 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00
[ 13.922059] 00 00 00 00
[ 13.922223] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb]
[ 13.922255] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
[ 13.922316] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB:
[ 13.922347] Read(16): 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00
[ 13.922855] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 0
[ 13.922888] Buffer I/O error on device sdb, logical block 0
[ 13.922927] ata4: EH complete
[ 14.859145] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.
[ 14.859203] Dev sdb: unable to read RDB block 0
[ 14.870317] sdb: unable to read partition table
[ 14.870646] sdb: detected capacity change from 0 to 4000787030016
[ 14.870869] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[ 14.886265] random: nonblocking pool is initialized
[ 15.510741] md: bind<sdc1>
所以试图在这里解决这个问题是 mdadm.conf
cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
# mdadm.conf
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#
# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers
# auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions
CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes
# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>
# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root
# definitions of existing MD arrays
# This file was auto-generated on Mon, 16 Feb 2015 18:24:04 -0500
# by mkconf $Id$
DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid0 devices=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1
接下来，我在 RAID 中的两个磁盘上运行 smartctl 命令，它们看起来都很健康
smartctl -a -s on /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-45-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD40EZRX-00SPEB0
Serial Number: WD-WCC4E0NLZ6ED
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 20b74560f
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Oct 2 11:45:31 2015 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Disabled
=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Enabled.
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (55740) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 557) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x7035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 253 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 184 184 021 Pre-fail Always - 7775
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 15
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 093 093 000 Old_age Always - 5434
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 15
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 6
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 132 132 000 Old_age Always - 204074
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 119 109 000 Old_age Always - 33
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 96
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 49
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 199 199 000 Old_age Offline - 758
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
smartctl -a -s on /dev/sdc
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-45-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD40EZRX-00SPEB0
Serial Number: WD-WCC4E0CZDE98
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 2b6205b40
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Oct 2 11:47:29 2015 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Disabled
=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Enabled.
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (52020) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 520) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x7035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 253 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 174 174 021 Pre-fail Always - 8258
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 10
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 093 093 000 Old_age Always - 5434
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 10
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 3
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 138 138 000 Old_age Always - 188394
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 120 112 000 Old_age Always - 32
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
到目前为止，一切看起来都很好，但是当我运行 mdadm 时，我得到了这个：
mdadm -E /dev/sdc1
/dev/sdc1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x0
Array UUID : 933d1825:56122a49:779fbad0:926ab5c9
Name : BAILEYFS01:0 (local to host BAILEYFS01)
Creation Time : Tue Feb 17 17:22:13 2015
Raid Level : raid0
Raid Devices : 2
Avail Dev Size : 7814033392 (3726.02 GiB 4000.79 GB)
Data Offset : 16 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : e78061dc:86e60bc0:f4f81839:3816d74a
Update Time : Tue Feb 17 17:22:13 2015
Checksum : 1d8e1dfc - correct
Events : 0
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 1
Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
mdadm -E /dev/sdb1
mdadm: cannot open /dev/sdb1: No such file or directory
这是阵列中两个磁盘上 fdisk 的输出
fdisk -l /dev/sdb
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sdb: 4000.8 GB, 4000787030016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486401 cylinders, total 7814037168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
fdisk -l /dev/sdc
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sdc: 4000.8 GB, 4000787030016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486401 cylinders, total 7814037168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 4294967295 2147483647+ ee GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
这是parted的输出（请注意，这似乎列出了我所有的驱动器，我唯一关心的是组成我的RAID阵列、sdb和sdc的驱动器）
parted -l /dev/sdb
Model: ATA ST3250318AS (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 250GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 246GB 246GB primary ext4 boot
2 246GB 250GB 3754MB extended
5 246GB 250GB 3754MB logical linux-swap(v1)
Model: ATA WDC WD40EZRX-00S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 4001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 4001GB 4001GB ext3 primary
Model: ATA WDC WD40EZRX-00S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 4001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 4001GB 4001GB ext3 primary
Model: ATA ST3000DM001-9YN1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 3001GB 3001GB ext4 primary msftdata
Model: Seagate Desktop (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 3001GB 3001GB Basic data partition msftdata
这是两个磁盘上 gdisk -l 的输出
gdisk -l /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.8
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sdb: 7814037168 sectors, 3.6 TiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): DA484D62-BB5D-461B-9F96-EAC8A5815C7B
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 7814037134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 3693 sectors (1.8 MiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 7814035455 3.6 TiB 8300 primary
gdisk -l /dev/sdc
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.8
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sdc: 7814037168 sectors, 3.6 TiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): BDE33471-BF86-4B5F-9DAF-5D3E67AE7E40
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 7814037134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 3693 sectors (1.8 MiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 7814035455 3.6 TiB 8300 primary
我真的不知道下一步该怎么做......有什么方法可以修复这个数组吗？
答案1
一些一般性评论。
您已在两个磁盘上禁用了 SMART（或者至少没有启用它）。没有运行任何测试，之前也没有运行过任何测试。这告诉我，你无法知道磁盘是否有故障。
内核错误消息
Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed表明磁盘即将发生灾难性故障，因为它没有更多可用的备用扇区来替换当前发生故障的扇区。对于 RAID 0 阵列中的磁盘来说，这确实是个坏消息。
您可能会完全关闭电源并重新启动，但无论如何，我真的强烈建议您安装 SMART 工具并配置它们以定期测试磁盘。
答案2
感谢@casey 的评论！
运行parted和gdisk命令后，很明显磁盘是健康的，所以我不知道为什么阵列在启动时失败。
一位同事建议运行：
partprobe /dev/sdb
我这样做了，然后重新运行 mdadm 命令，现在 mdadm 可以看到 sdb
mdadm -E /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 4294967295 sectors at 1 (type ee)
mdadm -E /dev/sdc
/dev/sdc:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 4294967295 sectors at 1 (type ee)
我再次重新启动，这一次，没有错误，并且突袭已正确建立。
我可能需要弄清楚启动过程正在运行什么命令，这样如果再次发生这种情况，我可以自己手动运行该命令。
哇……这真是一个疯狂的早晨！