该ip命令能够以 JSON 格式返回部分结果，但似乎无法格式化路由表。
以下是一些示例。
所有地址列表：ip --json address show
[{ ... },{
"ifindex": 2,
"ifname": "eth0",
"flags": ["BROADCAST","MULTICAST","UP","LOWER_UP"],
"mtu": 1500,
"qdisc": "fq_codel",
"master": "lan0",
"operstate": "UP",
"group": "default",
"txqlen": 1000,
"link_type": "ether",
"address": "44:89:3f:e9:a8:08",
"broadcast": "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff",
"addr_info": []
},{ ... }]
接口列表：ip --json link show
[{ ... },{
"ifindex": 2,
"ifname": "eth0",
"flags": ["BROADCAST","MULTICAST","UP","LOWER_UP"],
"mtu": 1500,
"qdisc": "fq_codel",
"master": "lan0",
"operstate": "UP",
"linkmode": "DEFAULT",
"group": "default",
"txqlen": 1000,
"link_type": "ether",
"address": "44:89:3f:e9:a8:08",
"broadcast": "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"
},{ ... }]
我还希望以 JSON 格式检索路线列表，但我只能检索其纯文本版本：
路线列表：（ip --json route list它仍然是纯文本）
1.1.1.2 via 192.168.255.11 dev lan0 table hopper src 192.168.254.1 metric 10
default via 10.19.1.4 dev wg0 metric 5
default via 192.168.255.11 dev lan0 metric 6
10.19.1.0/24 dev wg0 scope link
124.214.110.113 via 192.168.255.11 dev lan0 metric 4
172.17.0.0/16 dev docker0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.1 linkdown
172.18.0.0/16 dev br-fea43fdf31f1 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.0.1
172.19.0.0/16 dev br-6f9e681d15b0 proto kernel scope link src 172.19.0.1 linkdown
192.168.0.0/16 dev lan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.254.1
192.168.1.0/24 dev wan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.9
192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.255.11 dev lan0 metric 3
broadcast 127.0.0.0 dev lo table local proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1
local 127.0.0.1 dev lo table local proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1
multicast 239.255.255.250/32 from 192.168.1.109/32 table default proto 17 unresolved
由于我无法在任何地方找到解决方案，我将自己回答问题并在此留下我所做的工作。
谁知道呢，也许有一天我会再次需要它，或者也许其他人会遇到同样的问题！:-)
答案1
所以，这就是我所做的。
我使用命令jq来解析使用正则表达式的结果ip route list table all，将输出转换为 JSON。
请随意尝试一下jq和单击此处使用在线沙盒已加载此解决方案。
这是完整的命令：
ip route list table all | jq --raw-input --slurp 'split("\n") | map(capture("^(?:(?<broadcast>broadcast) ?)?(?:(?<local>local) ?)?(?:(?<multicast>multicast) ?)?(?: ?(?<network>.*?) )(?:from (?<from>\\S+) ?)?(?:via (?<via>\\S+) ?)?(?:dev (?<dev>\\S+) ?)?(?:table (?<table>\\S+) ?)?(?:proto (?<proto>\\S+) ?)?(?:scope (?<scope>\\S+) ?)?(?:src (?<src>\\S+) ?)?(?:metric (?<metric>\\d+) ?)?(?<linkdown>linkdown)?(?<unresolved>unresolved)?"; "g"))'
输出结果如下：
[
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "1.1.1.2",
"from": null,
"via": "192.168.255.11",
"dev": "lan0",
"table": "hopper",
"proto": null,
"scope": null,
"src": "192.168.254.1",
"metric": "10",
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "default",
"from": null,
"via": "10.19.1.4",
"dev": "wg0",
"table": null,
"proto": null,
"scope": null,
"src": null,
"metric": "5",
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "default",
"from": null,
"via": "192.168.255.11",
"dev": "lan0",
"table": null,
"proto": null,
"scope": null,
"src": null,
"metric": "6",
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "10.19.1.0/24",
"from": null,
"via": null,
"dev": "wg0",
"table": null,
"proto": null,
"scope": "link",
"src": null,
"metric": null,
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "124.214.110.113",
"from": null,
"via": "192.168.255.11",
"dev": "lan0",
"table": null,
"proto": null,
"scope": null,
"src": null,
"metric": "4",
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "172.17.0.0/16",
"from": null,
"via": null,
"dev": "docker0",
"table": null,
"proto": "kernel",
"scope": "link",
"src": "172.17.0.1",
"metric": null,
"linkdown": "linkdown",
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "172.18.0.0/16",
"from": null,
"via": null,
"dev": "br-fea43fdf31f1",
"table": null,
"proto": "kernel",
"scope": "link",
"src": "172.18.0.1",
"metric": null,
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "172.19.0.0/16",
"from": null,
"via": null,
"dev": "br-6f9e681d15b0",
"table": null,
"proto": "kernel",
"scope": "link",
"src": "172.19.0.1",
"metric": null,
"linkdown": "linkdown",
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "192.168.0.0/16",
"from": null,
"via": null,
"dev": "lan0",
"table": null,
"proto": "kernel",
"scope": "link",
"src": "192.168.254.1",
"metric": null,
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "192.168.1.0/24",
"from": null,
"via": null,
"dev": "wan0",
"table": null,
"proto": "kernel",
"scope": "link",
"src": "192.168.1.9",
"metric": null,
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "192.168.1.0/24",
"from": null,
"via": "192.168.255.11",
"dev": "lan0",
"table": null,
"proto": null,
"scope": null,
"src": null,
"metric": "3",
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": "broadcast",
"local": null,
"multicast": null,
"network": "127.0.0.0",
"from": null,
"via": null,
"dev": "lo",
"table": "local",
"proto": "kernel",
"scope": "link",
"src": "127.0.0.1",
"metric": null,
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": "local",
"multicast": null,
"network": "127.0.0.1",
"from": null,
"via": null,
"dev": "lo",
"table": "local",
"proto": "kernel",
"scope": "host",
"src": "127.0.0.1",
"metric": null,
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": null
},
{
"broadcast": null,
"local": null,
"multicast": "multicast",
"network": "239.255.255.250/32",
"from": "192.168.1.109/32",
"via": null,
"dev": null,
"table": "default",
"proto": "17",
"scope": null,
"src": null,
"metric": null,
"linkdown": null,
"unresolved": "unresolved"
}
]
这已经满足了我的需要，但是，如果你有空闲时间，还有改进的空间：可以删除所有空值，“度量”值可以转换为数字，“广播”、“本地”、“多播”、“链接关闭”和“未解决”可以是布尔值。
答案2
我编写了一个名为的 cli 工具jc，它将转换netstat -r命令route输出为 JSON。
$ jc netstat -rn | jq
[
{
"destination": "0.0.0.0",
"gateway": "192.168.71.2",
"genmask": "0.0.0.0",
"route_flags": "UG",
"mss": 0,
"window": 0,
"irtt": 0,
"iface": "ens33",
"kind": "route",
"route_flags_pretty": [
"UP",
"GATEWAY"
]
},
{
"destination": "172.17.0.0",
"gateway": "0.0.0.0",
"genmask": "255.255.0.0",
"route_flags": "U",
"mss": 0,
"window": 0,
"irtt": 0,
"iface": "docker0",
"kind": "route",
"route_flags_pretty": [
"UP"
]
},
{
"destination": "192.168.71.0",
"gateway": "0.0.0.0",
"genmask": "255.255.255.0",
"route_flags": "U",
"mss": 0,
"window": 0,
"irtt": 0,
"iface": "ens33",
"kind": "route",
"route_flags_pretty": [
"UP"
]
}
]
$ jc route | jq
[
{
"destination": "default",
"gateway": "gateway",
"genmask": "0.0.0.0",
"flags": "UG",
"metric": 100,
"ref": 0,
"use": 0,
"iface": "ens33",
"flags_pretty": [
"UP",
"GATEWAY"
]
},
{
"destination": "172.17.0.0",
"gateway": "0.0.0.0",
"genmask": "255.255.0.0",
"flags": "U",
"metric": 0,
"ref": 0,
"use": 0,
"iface": "docker0",
"flags_pretty": [
"UP"
]
},
{
"destination": "192.168.71.0",
"gateway": "0.0.0.0",
"genmask": "255.255.255.0",
"flags": "U",
"metric": 100,
"ref": 0,
"use": 0,
"iface": "ens33",
"flags_pretty": [
"UP"
]
}
]
还支持数十种其他命令。
答案3
默认情况下，iproute2 实用程序支持 --json 选项，例如
ip --json address show
ip --json link show
etc..
它以 JSON 格式列出所有配置/统计数据。
但在某些情况下，例如路由，它仅列出特定的路由表。要列出所有表，您可以明确使用以下命令：
ip --json route show table all
您还可以使用其名称获取特定表，例如：
ip --json route show table default
[我不知道你是否已经得到答案，如果没有，我希望这对你有帮助...再见:)]