根进程检查内存的能力

根进程检查内存的能力

我知道在 Linux 机器上,如果一个进程能够获得 root 权限,它就可以访问它通常无法访问的部分文件系统。

我想问一个 root 的 Linux 进程是否可以检查系统上任何其他进程的内存?因此,如果我有一个进程在其堆或堆栈中包含秘密,那么根进程是否能够访问它,如果是,它将如何做到这一点?

(无论是谁回答,也可以考虑 root shell 进程;我只关心具有 root 访问权限的进程)

答案1

是的,你可以,例如,请参阅这个答案 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12977179/reading-living-process-memory-without-interrupting-it

或玩/dev/<pid>/mem/dev/kmem像这样

例如使用这段代码,用户可以读取主机上任何进程的内存。

#! /usr/bin/env python
import re
import sys

print(sys.argv[1] + ".dump")
maps_file = open("/proc/"+ sys.argv[1] + "/maps", 'r')
mem_file = open("/proc/" + sys.argv[1] + "/mem", 'rb', 0)
output_file = open(sys.argv[1] + ".dump", 'wb')
for line in maps_file.readlines():  # for each mapped region
    m = re.match(r'([0-9A-Fa-f]+)-([0-9A-Fa-f]+) ([-r])', line)
    if m.group(3) == 'r':  # if this is a readable region
        start = int(m.group(1), 16)
        end = int(m.group(2), 16)
        mem_file.seek(start)  # seek to region start
        chunk = mem_file.read(end - start)  # read region contents
        output_file.write(chunk)  # dump contents to standard output
maps_file.close()
mem_file.close()
output_file.close()

ptrace另请参阅和的使用gdb,这些工​​具旨在实时执行此操作。

读取 bash shell 内存

root 读取 bash shell 内存

答案2

是的。

根功能已被破坏。现在,一个进程可以拥有它们的子集(包括根没有)。

通过查看功能手册页,我们可以看到 root 可以(通常)做什么。

我包括一个很少这里:

   CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
          Bypass file read, write, and execute permission checks.  (DAC
          is an abbreviation of "discretionary access control".)

   CAP_KILL
          Bypass permission checks for sending signals (see kill(2)).
          This includes use of the ioctl(2) KDSIGACCEPT operation.

   CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
          Bind a socket to Internet domain privileged ports (port
          numbers less than 1024).

   CAP_SYS_MODULE
          * Load and unload kernel modules (see init_module(2) and
            delete_module(2));
          * in kernels before 2.6.25: drop capabilities from the system-
            wide capability bounding set.

   CAP_SYS_TIME
          Set system clock (settimeofday(2), stime(2), adjtimex(2)); set
          real-time (hardware) clock.

   CAP_SYS_RAWIO
          * Perform I/O port operations (iopl(2) and ioperm(2));
          * access /proc/kcore;
          * employ the FIBMAP ioctl(2) operation;
          * open devices for accessing x86 model-specific registers
            (MSRs, see msr(4));
          * update /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr;
          * create memory mappings at addresses below the value
            specified by /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr;
          * map files in /proc/bus/pci;
          * open /dev/mem and /dev/kmem;
          * perform various SCSI device commands;
          * perform certain operations on hpsa(4) and cciss(4) devices;
          * perform a range of device-specific operations on other
            devices.

此处显示的模块CAP_SYS_MODULE可用于加载可以执行此操作的内核模块;CAP_SYS_RAWIO可以用来打开/dev/mem;还有其他具有其他功能的方法,包括ptrace.

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