首先是 OS SDD 故障，然后是主板故障，后来是新的主板/cpu/ram，我有一个带有单个工作磁盘的 RAID1，我试图重新安装它，以便我可以添加新的替换磁盘。
但要做到这一点，我需要使用 mdadm 来组装它....但 mdadm 报告超级块不起作用。（顺便说一句，我不是程序员或系统管理员，只是一个业余爱好者，我不知道这些东西到底意味着什么）
以下是我的 mdadm.conf 的内容：
# mdadm.conf
#
# !NB! Run update-initramfs -u after updating this file.
# !NB! This will ensure that initramfs has an uptodate copy.
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#
# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers
# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>
# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root
# definitions of existing MD arrays
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=1a544a98:559ba1df:81b67841:7640bf5d name=lovelace:0
# This configuration was auto-generated on Sat, 21 Jan 2023 18:40:25 -0600 by mkconf
遵循此建议这里我决定运行以下命令并得到以下输出：
┌─ ~
└─➤ mdadm --assemble --scan --verbose /dev/md0 /dev/sdb
mdadm: must be super-user to perform this action
┌─ ~
└─➤ sudo !!
sudo mdadm --assemble --scan --verbose /dev/md0 /dev/sdb
[sudo] password for aslan:
mdadm: looking for devices for /dev/md0
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop16 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got b94e0a62)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop16
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop15 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 89924e23)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop15
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop14 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 89ab2deb)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop14
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop13 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 3e22646e)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop13
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop12 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 3e22646e)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop12
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop10 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 08e76eab)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop10
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop11 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 448ff4ed)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop11
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop9 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 6042ae44)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop9
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop8 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 6405001a)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop8
mdadm: /dev/sdb is busy - skipping
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/sda (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 000005d3)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/sda
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/nvme0n1p2 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 00000476)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/nvme0n1p2
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/nvme0n1p1 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 00000000)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/nvme0n1p1
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/nvme0n1 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 00000000)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/nvme0n1
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop7 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 6405001a)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop7
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop6 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got c4b43b1a)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop6
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop5 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got c4b43b1a)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop5
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop4 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 3a23b8f9)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop4
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop3 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 3a23b8f9)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop3
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop2 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 764c0e15)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop2
mdadm: No super block found on /dev/loop1 (Expected magic a92b4efc, got 764c0e15)
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop1
mdadm: /dev/loop0 is too small for md: size is 8 sectors.
mdadm: no RAID superblock on /dev/loop0
mdadm: /dev/sdb not identified in config file.
lsblk 读数：
┌─ ~
└─➤ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0
7:0 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop1
7:1 0 55.6M 1 loop /snap/core18/2667
loop2
7:2 0 55.6M 1 loop /snap/core18/2679
loop3
7:3 0 62M 1 loop /snap/core20/1587
loop4
7:4 0 63.3M 1 loop /snap/core20/1778
loop5
7:5 0 238.7M 1 loop /snap/firefox/2277
loop6
7:6 0 239.1M 1 loop /snap/firefox/2311
loop7
7:7 0 400.8M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/112
loop8
7:8 0 346.3M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/119
loop9
7:9 0 91.7M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
loop10
7:10 0 263.8M 1 loop /snap/nextcloud/33054
loop11
7:11 0 265.6M 1 loop /snap/nextcloud/33493
loop12
7:12 0 45.9M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/582
loop13
7:13 0 45.9M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/638
loop14
7:14 0 49.8M 1 loop /snap/snapd/17950
loop15
7:15 0 284K 1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/14
loop16
7:16 0 304K 1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/49
sda 8:0 0 3.6T 0 disk /media/aslan/archive1
sdb 8:16 0 2.7T 0 disk
└─md0
9:0 0 0B 0 md
nvme0n1
259:0 0 931.5G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1
│ 259:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
└─nvme0n1p2
259:2 0 931G 0 part /var/snap/firefox/common/host-hunspell
blkdid 输出：
┌─ ~
└─➤ blkid
/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="A220-90FF" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="0c5cbefa-f89b-4a6b-9fb3-af849a49a342"
/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="e1011499-b5df-4a86-b6ba-0ce0aa1df65b" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="d370bb37-a2eb-4b1b-991b-22cc25cf2a48"
/dev/sdb: UUID="1a544a98-559b-a1df-81b6-78417640bf5d" UUID_SUB="6aa3c8b4-fd85-548f-629b-1207ce00114b" LABEL="lovelace:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sda: LABEL="archive1" UUID="64e34e9d-427c-4ece-bf97-6e1475229e2e" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
编辑：我复制了该驱动器，并尝试运行 fsck 来修复新驱动器，并得到以下结果：
sudo fsck.ext4 -v /dev/md0
[sudo] password for aslan:
e2fsck 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
fsck.ext4: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/md0
The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
or
e2fsck -b 32768 <device>
添加 mdadm 详细信息：
┌─ ~
└─➤ sudo !!
sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Raid Level : raid1
Total Devices : 1
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
State : inactive
Working Devices : 1
Name : lovelace:0 (local to host lovelace)
UUID : 1a544a98:559ba1df:81b67841:7640bf5d
Events : 4286
Number Major Minor RaidDevice
- 8 0 - /dev/sda
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : 1a544a98:559ba1df:81b67841:7640bf5d
Name : lovelace:0 (local to host lovelace)
Creation Time : Tue Jul 31 13:49:48 2018
Raid Level : raid1
Raid Devices : 2
Avail Dev Size : 5860268976 sectors (2.73 TiB 3.00 TB)
Array Size : 2930134464 KiB (2.73 TiB 3.00 TB)
Used Dev Size : 5860268928 sectors (2.73 TiB 3.00 TB)
Data Offset : 264192 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=264112 sectors, after=1953504048 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 6aa3c8b4:fd85548f:629b1207:ce00114b
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Sun Nov 6 21:19:33 2022
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 24 sectors
Checksum : 9ad9915f - correct
Events : 4286
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)