我正在尝试在 Debian 7 Wheezy 上安装 Mysql 5.6。
安装mysql数据库/文件夹后/var/lib/mysql/mysql是空的
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# apt-get install libaio1
# wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.12-debian6.0-x86_64.deb
# dpkg -i mysql-5.6.12-debian6.0-x86_64.deb
# cd /usr/local
# ln -s /opt/mysql/server-5.6 mysql
# cd mysql
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
# rm /opt/mysql/server-5.6/my.cnf
# rm /etc/mysql/my.cnf
# ln -s /var/ini/my.cnf /opt/mysql/server-5.6/my.cnf
# chown -R root .
# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
# alias mysql=/opt/mysql/server-5.6/bin/mysql
# alias mysqladmin=/opt/mysql/server-5.6/bin/mysqladmin
# service mysql start
# update-rc.d mysql defaults
我的cnf
#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html
# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram
# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0
[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /opt/mysql/server-5.6/share/english
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover = BACKUP
#max_connections = 100
#table_cache = 64
#thread_concurrency = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log = 1
#
# Error logging goes to syslog due to /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf.
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
# other settings you may need to change.
#server-id = 1
#log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
#binlog_do_db = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 16M
#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
# The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
错误
130619 14:28:13 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
2013-06-19 14:28:14 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Warning] Using pre 5.5 semantics to load error messages from /opt/mysql/server-5.6/share/english/.
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Warning] If this is not intended, refer to the documentation for valid usage of --lc-messages-dir and --language parameters.
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.12 started; log sequence number 1600637
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1';
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'.
2013-06-19 14:28:14 6582 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.user' doesn't exist
130619 14:28:14 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
答案1
我使用的是 Ubuntu（基于 Debian），并成功执行了非常相似的步骤。但是我下载的是 Debian 软件包，而不是二进制文件：
http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.11-debian6.0-x86_64.deb
然后我跑了：
sudo apt-get install libaio1
sudo groupadd mysql
sudo useradd -r -g mysql mysql
wget -O mysql-5.6.11-debian6.0-x86_64.deb \
http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.11-debian6.0-x86_64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-5.6.11-debian6.0-x86_64.deb
cd /usr/local
sudo ln -s /opt/mysql/server-5.6 mysql
cd mysql
sudo scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
sudo chown -R root .
sudo chown -R mysql data
sudo cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
sudo service mysql start
sudo ./bin/mysql_secure_installation
最后一步是可选的。
编辑
我刚刚下载了.tar.gz您使用的，这是源代码。所以基本上您需要安装 CMAKE 并自行构建 MySQL。我两周前就这么做了，这并不难（如果您之前已经在 Linux 上构建过东西 :) ），但我怀疑您是否需要承受这个负担。您只需要找出 .deb 安装报告了哪些错误，并在此处分享，以便我们提供帮助。
更新
对于启动 MySQL 的问题，在 /etc/init.d/mysql 文件中（从上述步骤中的 /opt/mysql/server-5.6/support-files/mysql.server 复制）将第 48-49 行左右的空
basedir=
datadir=
到
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
（或任何需要的路径）
注意，您可能需要在 /etc/my.cnf 中添加 [client] 和 [mysqld] 部分（此 debian 包需要此文件位于 /etc 或 /opt/mysql/server-5.6 中，而不是 /etc/mysql）
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
或者您可能在从 PHP 或其他编程语言连接时遇到问题。
答案2
我建议使用昨天发布的官方 apt repos： http://mysqlrelease.com/2014/05/theyre-here-official-mysql-repos-for-debian-and-ubuntu/
Debian 7 是受支持的平台之一。软件包格式也比 .debs 更像 Debian
答案3
使用及时发布高质量软件包的 dotdeb.org 存储库。
答案4
簡單高效：
# Update the repo list, execute :
wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-apt-config_0.2.1-1debian7_all.deb
dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.2.1-1debian7_all.deb
# Install
apt-get update
apt-get install mysql-server-5.6