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Nginx PHP 一直比 Apache 2.2 慢

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Nginx PHP 一直比 Apache 2.2 慢

注意：我首先在 StackOverflow 上提问，然后被发到这里。希望重复没有问题。

在 Ubuntu 13.04 上使用完整原始软件包对 Apache 2.2 和 Nginx 1.2.6 进行负载测试时，我始终看到 Nginx PHP 请求的性能低于 Apache PHP 请求的性能；我正在寻找指导，以便在任何情况下都能让我们的 Nginx 性能超过 Apache。

阿帕奇设置是相当标准的，但 Nginx 设置经过了大量定制；它们是下面列出了基准测试结果。

我使用了名为 Siege v3.0.2 的基准测试工具（http://www.joedog.org/siege-home/）分别生成单个并发用户（c1）、10 个并发用户（c10）、100 个并发用户（c100）的结果，结果如下：

Apache 结果：

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:54:12,   5982,      59.23,         338,       0.01,      101.00,        5.71,        1.00,    5982,       0
**** c1 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:55:12,    549,      59.98,          88,       0.11,        9.15,        1.47,        1.00,     549,       0
**** c1 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:56:12,   1609,      59.98,         139,       0.04,       26.83,        2.32,        1.00,    1609,       0
**** c10 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:57:12,  35983,      59.97,        2039,       0.02,      600.02,       34.00,        9.99,   35983,       0
**** c10 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:58:12,   3769,      59.98,         610,       0.16,       62.84,       10.17,        9.99,    3769,       0
**** c10 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:59:12,  10928,      59.98,         947,       0.05,      182.19,       15.79,        9.99,   10928,       0
**** c100 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 01:00:12,  44581,      59.97,        2523,       0.13,      743.39,       42.07,       98.63,   44581,       0
**** c100 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 01:01:12,   4427,      59.98,         721,       1.32,       73.81,       12.02,       97.34,    4427,       1
**** c100 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 01:02:12,  12735,      59.98,        1125,       0.47,      212.32,       18.76,       99.68,   12735,       0

Nginx 结果：

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:36:13,   9040,      59.10,         274,       0.01,      152.96,        4.64,        1.00,    9040,       0
**** c1 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:37:13,    581,      59.98,          18,       0.10,        9.69,        0.30,        1.00,     581,       0
**** c1 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:38:13,   1786,      59.59,          55,       0.03,       29.97,        0.92,        1.00,    1786,       0
**** c10 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:39:13,  44557,      59.98,        1353,       0.01,      742.86,       22.56,        9.99,   44557,       0
**** c10 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:40:13,   3766,      59.98,         120,       0.16,       62.79,        2.00,        9.98,    3766,       0
**** c10 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:41:13,  10962,      59.98,         339,       0.05,      182.76,        5.65,        9.98,   10962,       0
**** c100 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:42:13,  54463,      59.98,        1642,       0.11,      908.02,       27.38,       99.70,   54463,       0
**** c100 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:43:13,   3649,      59.98,         117,       1.62,       60.84,        1.95,       98.70,    3649,       0
**** c100 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:44:13,  10802,      59.98,         334,       0.55,      180.09,        5.57,       98.63,   10802,       0

我关心的数据来自 c100 的“PHP”和“综合”结果。Apache 的速度要快得多，我很好奇这是怎么可能的，因为网上的所有基准测试都显示相反的结果。

两台服务器均是：

  1. 运行在四核 Xeon 处理器上
  2. 8GB 内存
  3. 连接到同一网络上的 MongoDB v2.2 数据库
  4. PHP-FPM 设置为使用 100 个 PHP 进程

阿帕奇（设置非常接近库存）：

  1. 在 CentOS 5 上运行
  2. Apache 2.2
  3. mod_php

Nginx的：

  1. Ubuntu 13.04
  2. Nginx 1.2.6
  3. 带有 100 个 PHP 进程的 PHP-FPM (FastCGI)

nginx.conf

pid /run/nginx.pid;
user www-data;
worker_processes 4;


events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}


http {
    # APACHE BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
    map $request_uri $my_script_url {
        default $request_uri;
        ~^(?<script_filename>.+\.(php))(.*)?$ $script_filename; #/test.php or /test.php?hello=world
        ~^(?<script_filename>.*)(\?.*)$ $script_filename; #/tos?hello=world
        ~^(?<script_filename>.*)(\?.*)?$ $script_filename; #/tos or /tos/hello/world or /tos/hello/world?omg=what
    }


    # BASE SETTINGS
    charset utf-8;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    server_tokens off;


    # CLIENT CACHING SETTINGS
    add_header Last-Modified "";
    expires 7d;


    # CONNECTION SETTINGS
    client_body_timeout 15s;
    client_header_timeout 30s;
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    keepalive_requests 10000;
    keepalive_timeout 30s;
    reset_timedout_connection on;
    resolver_timeout 5s;
    send_timeout 15s;
    tcp_nopush on;


    # FASTCGI SETTINGS
    # fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=microcache:10m max_size=1000m inactive=60m;


    # FILE CACHING AND PERFORMANCE SETTINGS
    open_file_cache max=10000 inactive=20s;
    open_file_cache_errors off;
    open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
    open_file_cache_valid 30s;
    sendfile on;


    # GZIP SETTINGS
    gzip on;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_types
        text/css
        text/plain
        text/javascript
        application/javascript
        application/json
        application/x-javascript
        application/xml
        application/xml+rss
        application/xhtml+xml
        application/x-font-ttf
        application/x-font-opentype
        application/vnd.ms-fontobject
        image/svg+xml
        image/x-icon
        application/rss+xml
        application/atom_xml;
    gzip_vary on;


    # LOGGING SETTINGS
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log combined buffer=16k;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log crit;
    open_log_file_cache max=100 inactive=1m min_uses=1 valid=2m;


    # SSL SETTINGS
    # ssl_ciphers !aNULL:!eNULL:FIPS@STRENGTH;
    # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    # ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    # ssl_session_timeout 3m;


    # OTHER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION FILES
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;


    # VIRTUAL HOST CONFIGS
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

虚拟主机配置

server {
    # BASE SETTINGS
    listen 80;
    root /var/www/tbi/example/htdocs;
    # server_name local.example.com;
    server_name www.example.com;


    # LOG SETTINGS
    access_log /var/log/nginx/www.example.com.access.log combined buffer=64k;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/www.example.com.error.log crit;


    # LOCATIONS
    location / {
        index index.php index.html;
        try_files $uri @extensionless-php;
    }

    location ~ \.(ttf|otf|eot|woff)$ {
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
    }

    # location /nginx_status {
    #   See a brief synopsis of real-time, instantaneous performance
    #   stub_status on;
    # }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        expires off;

        # FASTCGI SETTINGS
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        include fastcgi_params;

        # FASTCGI CACHE SETTINGS
        # fastcgi_cache microcache;
        # fastcgi_cache_bypass $http_pragma;
        # fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$host$request_uri$request_method;
        # fastcgi_cache_methods GET HEAD;
        # fastcgi_cache_use_stale updating error timeout invalid_header http_500;
        # fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
        # fastcgi_ignore_headers "Cache-Control" "Expires" "Set-Cookie";

        # TBI ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
        fastcgi_param TBI_CONFIG /var/www/tbi/configs/;
        fastcgi_param TBI_DOMAIN example.com;
        # fastcgi_param TBI_ENV local;
        fastcgi_param TBI_ENV www;
        fastcgi_param TBI_RELEASETIME 0;

        # APACHE BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_URI $scheme://$http_host$my_script_url;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_URL $my_script_url;
    }

    location @extensionless-php {
        if (-f $request_filename.php) {
            rewrite ^/(.*)$ /$1.php last;
        }
        rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last;
    }
}

任何有关加快 Nginx 速度的建议都将不胜感激。如果可能的话，我想避免内核和 TCP/IP 调整。

答案1

PHP 将生成 FastCGI 子进程来处理 NGINX 上的 PHP 请求，因此它受限于 PHP 处理器本身的速度。Nginx 不会更快地处理/加载 PHP 代码，因为它必须“等待”FactCGI 向其发送数据，然后 FastCGI 必须等待 php 处理器。

我强烈建议在 nginx 的后端为 PHP 使用操作码缓存（想到了 Eaccelerator）。

如果这是静态 HTML，你会看到 nginx 在内容速度方面胜过 apache。

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