使用 Python2 访问 PulseAudio 有点棘手，但在 ctypes 的帮助下可以正常工作。问题是相同的代码无法在 Python3 中使用。显然 ctypes 中发生了一些变化，但我不知道具体是什么。
这是示例代码，它将列出所有源设备。它在 Python2 中有效，但在 Python3 中会出现严重的段错误。
# PulseAudio Source list:
import time
from ctypes import *
PA = CDLL('libpulse.so.0')
PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED = 0
PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING = 1
PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING = 2
PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME = 3
PA_CONTEXT_READY = 4
PA_CONTEXT_FAILED = 5
PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED = 6
PA_OPERATION_RUNNING = 0
PA_OPERATION_DONE = 1
PA_OPERATION_CANCELLED = 2
STRING = c_char_p
size_t = c_ulong
uint32_t = c_uint32
uint8_t = c_uint8
class pa_mainloop_api(Structure):
pass
class pa_threaded_mainloop(Structure):
pass
pa_threaded_mainloop._fields_ = []
pa_threaded_mainloop_new = PA.pa_threaded_mainloop_new
pa_threaded_mainloop_new.restype = POINTER(pa_threaded_mainloop)
pa_threaded_mainloop_new.argtypes = []
pa_threaded_mainloop_free = PA.pa_threaded_mainloop_free
pa_threaded_mainloop_free.restype = None
pa_threaded_mainloop_free.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_threaded_mainloop)]
pa_threaded_mainloop_start = PA.pa_threaded_mainloop_start
pa_threaded_mainloop_start.restype = c_int
pa_threaded_mainloop_start.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_threaded_mainloop)]
pa_threaded_mainloop_stop = PA.pa_threaded_mainloop_stop
pa_threaded_mainloop_stop.restype = None
pa_threaded_mainloop_stop.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_threaded_mainloop)]
pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api = PA.pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api
pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api.restype = POINTER(pa_mainloop_api)
pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_threaded_mainloop)]
class pa_context(Structure):
pass
pa_context._fields_ = []
class pa_spawn_api(Structure):
pass
class pa_stream(Structure):
pass
pa_stream._fields_ = []
class pa_operation(Structure):
pass
class pa_source_info(Structure):
pass
pa_source_info._fields_ = [
('name', STRING),
('index', uint32_t),
('description', STRING),
]
pa_context_flags = c_int
pa_context_flags_t = pa_context_flags
pa_context_state = c_int
pa_context_state_t = pa_context_state
pa_context_notify_cb_t = CFUNCTYPE(None, POINTER(pa_context), c_void_p)
pa_context_success_cb_t = CFUNCTYPE(None, POINTER(pa_context), c_int, c_void_p)
pa_stream_success_cb_t = CFUNCTYPE(None, POINTER(pa_stream), c_int, c_void_p)
pa_stream_request_cb_t = CFUNCTYPE(None, POINTER(pa_stream), size_t, c_void_p)
pa_stream_notify_cb_t = CFUNCTYPE(None, POINTER(pa_stream), c_void_p)
pa_source_info_cb_t = CFUNCTYPE(None, POINTER(pa_context), POINTER(pa_source_info), c_int, c_void_p)
pa_context_new = PA.pa_context_new
pa_context_new.restype = POINTER(pa_context)
pa_context_new.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_mainloop_api), STRING]
pa_context_connect = PA.pa_context_connect
pa_context_connect.restype = c_int
pa_context_connect.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_context), STRING, pa_context_flags_t, POINTER(pa_spawn_api)]
pa_context_set_state_callback = PA.pa_context_set_state_callback
pa_context_set_state_callback.restype = None
pa_context_set_state_callback.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_context), pa_context_notify_cb_t, c_void_p]
pa_context_get_state = PA.pa_context_get_state
pa_context_get_state.restype = pa_context_state_t
pa_context_get_state.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_context)]
pa_stream_set_state_callback = PA.pa_stream_set_state_callback
pa_stream_set_state_callback.restype = None
pa_stream_set_state_callback.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_stream), pa_stream_notify_cb_t, c_void_p]
pa_context_get_source_info_list = PA.pa_context_get_source_info_list
pa_context_get_source_info_list.restype = POINTER(pa_operation)
pa_context_get_source_info_list.argtypes = [POINTER(pa_context), pa_source_info_cb_t, c_void_p]
def pa_state_cb(context, userdata):
global pa_state
state = pa_context_get_state(context)
if state in [PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED, PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING, PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING,
PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME]:
pa_state = 0
elif state == PA_CONTEXT_FAILED:
pa_state = 2
elif state == PA_CONTEXT_READY:
pa_state = 1
return 0
def pa_sourcelist_cb(context, source_info, eol, userdata):
if eol==0:
print("IDX:", source_info.contents.index, " ", source_info.contents.name, "--", source_info.contents.description)
return 0
pa_ml = pa_threaded_mainloop_new()
pa_mlapi = pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api(pa_ml)
pa_ctx = pa_context_new(pa_mlapi, b"kazam-pulse")
error = -1
pa_state = 0
if pa_context_connect(pa_ctx, None, 0, None)!=0:
print("cannot connect..")
sys.exit(1)
pa_context_set_state_callback(pa_ctx, pa_context_notify_cb_t(pa_state_cb), None)
ret = pa_threaded_mainloop_start(pa_ml)
ctc = pa_context_get_state(pa_ctx)
time.sleep(1)
pa_context_get_source_info_list(pa_ctx, pa_source_info_cb_t(pa_sourcelist_cb), None);
time.sleep(1)
以下是回溯：
#0 0x00007ffff7e11fc1 in ?? ()
#1 0x00007ffff5e82d27 in pa_context_set_state (st=PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING, c=0xae7d40) at pulse/context.c:291
#2 pa_context_set_state (c=0xae7d40, st=PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING) at pulse/context.c:279
#3 0x00007ffff5e85691 in setup_context (io=0x7fffe8000910, c=0xae7d40) at pulse/context.c:561
#4 on_connection (client=<optimized out>, io=0x7fffe8000910, userdata=0xae7d40) at pulse/context.c:890
#5 0x00007ffff5a440e6 in do_call (c=0x9976c0) at pulsecore/socket-client.c:161
#6 0x00007ffff5e96ba7 in dispatch_defer (m=0x9ce180) at pulse/mainloop.c:704
#7 pa_mainloop_dispatch (m=0x9ce180) at pulse/mainloop.c:920
#8 0x00007ffff5e96de5 in pa_mainloop_iterate (m=0x9ce180, block=<optimized out>, retval=0x0) at pulse/mainloop.c:960
#9 0x00007ffff5e96e90 in pa_mainloop_run (m=0x9ce180, retval=0x0) at pulse/mainloop.c:975
#10 0x00007ffff5ea530f in thread (userdata=0x9a64a0) at pulse/thread-mainloop.c:88
#11 0x00007ffff5a4ed18 in internal_thread_func (userdata=0xa66840) at pulsecore/thread-posix.c:83
#12 0x00007ffff7bc4e9a in start_thread () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0
#13 0x00007ffff65844bd in clone () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#14 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
答案1
只是跟进。这个问题已经解决。在 Precise Pangolin 中使用 Python 3.2.3，发布的代码按预期工作。