经过研究，没有找到适合我的问题的相关答案。我有 2 台笔记本电脑和一台运行 Lucid 的 PC。笔记本电脑现在已更新到 2.6.32-45，但 PC 仍停留在 2.6.32-42，而其他软件则照常更新。我认为 PC 一定出了问题，但我找出问题的能力非常有限。我怎样才能让 PC 像笔记本电脑一样更新较新的内核？
wijit@aeh:~$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
[sudo] password for wijit:
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS _Lucid Lynx_ - Release i386 (20110211.1) lucid Release.gpg
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS _Lucid Lynx_ - Release i386 (20110211.1)/ lucid/main Translation-en_US
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS _Lucid Lynx_ - Release i386 (20110211.1)/ lucid/restricted Translation-en_US
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid Release.gpg
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid/main Translation-en_US
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg
Ign http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid/restricted Translation-en_US
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid/universe Translation-en_US
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid/multiverse Translation-en_US
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates Release.gpg
Get:1 http://linux.dropbox.com lucid Release.gpg [489B]
Ign http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/restricted Translation-en_US
Hit http://archive.canonical.com lucid Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ lucid/partner Translation-en_US
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/universe Translation-en_US
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net lucid Release.gpg
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ppa/ubuntu/ lucid/main Translation-en_US
Hit http://packages.medibuntu.org lucid Release.gpg
Get:2 http://linux.dropbox.com lucid Release [2,599B]
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/multiverse Translation-en_US
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security Release.gpg
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-security/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-security/restricted Translation-en_US
Hit http://archive.canonical.com lucid Release
Get:3 http://linux.dropbox.com lucid/main Packages [1,029B]
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-security/universe Translation-en_US
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net lucid Release
Ign http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-security/multiverse Translation-en_US
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid Release
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates Release
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security Release
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid/main Packages
Hit http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner Packages
Ign http://packages.medibuntu.org/ lucid/free Translation-en_US
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net lucid/main Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid/restricted Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid/main Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid/restricted Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid/universe Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid/universe Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid/multiverse Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid/multiverse Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates/main Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates/restricted Packages
Ign http://packages.medibuntu.org/ lucid/non-free Translation-en_US
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates/main Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates/restricted Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates/universe Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates/universe Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates/multiverse Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-updates/multiverse Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security/main Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security/restricted Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security/main Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security/restricted Sources
Hit http://packages.medibuntu.org lucid Release
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security/universe Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security/universe Sources
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security/multiverse Packages
Hit http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th lucid-security/multiverse Sources
Hit http://packages.medibuntu.org lucid/free Packages
Hit http://packages.medibuntu.org lucid/non-free Packages
Fetched 4,117B in 4s (827B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libc6-i686 vim-common vim-tiny
7 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 11.5MB of archives.
After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/main libc-bin 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12 [731kB]
Get:2 http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/main libc6 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12 [3,909kB]
Get:3 http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/main libc6-i686 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12 [1,240kB]
Get:4 http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/main libc-dev-bin 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12 [213kB]
Get:5 http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/main libc6-dev 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12 [4,891kB]
Get:6 http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/main vim-tiny 2:7.2.330-1ubuntu3.1 [341kB]
Get:7 http://ubuntu-archive.sit.kmutt.ac.th/ lucid-updates/main vim-common 2:7.2.330-1ubuntu3.1 [174kB]
Fetched 11.5MB in 15s (743kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 240412 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libc-bin 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.11 (using .../libc-bin_2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc-bin ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up libc-bin (2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12) ...
(Reading database ... 240412 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libc6 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.11 (using .../libc6_2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc6 ...
Setting up libc6 (2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
(Reading database ... 240412 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libc6-i686 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.11 (using .../libc6-i686_2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc6-i686 ...
Preparing to replace libc-dev-bin 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.11 (using .../libc-dev-bin_2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc-dev-bin ...
Preparing to replace libc6-dev 2.11.1-0ubuntu7.11 (using .../libc6-dev_2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc6-dev ...
Preparing to replace vim-tiny 2:7.2.330-1ubuntu3 (using .../vim-tiny_2%3a7.2.330-1ubuntu3.1_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement vim-tiny ...
Preparing to replace vim-common 2:7.2.330-1ubuntu3 (using .../vim-common_2%3a7.2.330-1ubuntu3.1_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement vim-common ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up libc6-i686 (2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12) ...
Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12) ...
Setting up libc6-dev (2.11.1-0ubuntu7.12) ...
Setting up vim-common (2:7.2.330-1ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up vim-tiny (2:7.2.330-1ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
wijit@aeh:~$
抱歉回复迟了。这台旧电脑在我家。这是 dpkg 的结果：
wijit@aeh:~$ dpkg -l | grep linux-image
rc linux-image-2.6.32-40-generic 2.6.32-40.87 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86
rc linux-image-2.6.32-41-generic 2.6.32-41.94 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86
ii linux-image-2.6.32-42-generic 2.6.32-42.96 Linux kernel image for version 2.6.32 on x86
wijit@aeh:~$
答案1
显然，您的系统缺少元软件包linux-image-generic。这是用于引入较新内核版本的东西。要安装它，请运行
sudo apt-get install linux-image-generic
这应该会安装最新的可用内核，重启后即可使用。
要删除旧内核和头文件，您可以运行以下命令，或者使用如何删除旧内核版本：
dpkg -l linux-* | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e `uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-"` | grep -e [0-9] | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge
...顺便说一句，右边的列没有任何问题。
答案2
最后一个数字是补丁级别。它与版本无关。
在没有正确信息的情况下，我会说笔记本电脑内核比 PC 内核拥有更多的 ubuntu 特定补丁（并不是说这个数字都是 ubuntu 特定的）。
两台机器都运行 2.6.32。
因此在你的例子中。两台机器都运行
主要 2
次要 6
微型 32
补丁（来自 Debian、你、Ubuntu、会计 Bob、随机人员 64）45 或 42
对于版本比较来说，最后一个数字实际上并不重要。