SSH 更新至 14.04：/ 的磁盘驱动器尚未准备好或不存在

2024-6-3 • tag-icon

从 13 升级到 14.04 后，我无法重新启动 Ubuntu 服务器。我该怎么做才能让它恢复正常？

我尝试通过 ssh 将服务器升级到 ubuntu 14.04。安装完成后，我看到“需要重启系统”的消息，所以我执行了“sudo reboot”。之后我无法通过 ssh 重新连接。好吧，我可以访问服务器，所以我去那里看了看。

重启后，我有一个 rEFind 和一个 Grub 引导加载程序对话框，我可以在里面选择 Ubuntu。执行此操作后，我收到消息

“The disk drive for / is not ready yet or not present.
Continue to wait, or Press S to skip mounting or M for manual recovery.”

但是，当我按“S”或“M”时，什么也没有发生。

我有一个可以在机器上访问的 Macintosh 安装，但到目前为止无法安装 ubuntu 设备。这里和 Google 上有很多关于这个主题的问题，但大多数问题都恰好需要按“M”。这对我来说是不可能的，所以我有这个问题。

当我使用高级选项在 GRUB 中启动 Ubuntu 时，我现在可以使用 Linux 3.11.0-19-generic 内核启动 Ubuntu。但是，键盘确实可以工作，因此我现在明白了为什么上面的“M”或“S”选项从未被激活。

按照 tendons 的建议，我似乎犯了一个错误，最后仍然显示上面的消息。以下是我按照此操作所做的回答：

创建 KNOPPIX-Live USB 棒并启动它（Mac 用户：“C”代表 CD/DVD/USB）
挂载分区
```
sudo mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/foo   
```

绑定 grub 需要访问的目录 

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/foo/dev  
sudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/foo/dev/pts 
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/foo/proc 
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/foo/sys

设置 chroot 环境 
```
sudo chroot /mnt/foo    
```

创建grub的配置文件： 

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

 我安装了多个操作系统，并尝试确保上述命令列出了所有操作系统（还有其他消息，如“未找到图像”）：

Generating grub.cfg ...
Found background image: /usr/share/images/desktop-base/desktop-grub.png
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-*-amd64
...
done

现在我希望将其安装到驱动器的 MBR 中
```
grub-install /dev/sda
```
退出 chroot 并卸载所有内容。
sudo umount /mnt/foo/dev/pts /mnt/foo/dev /mnt/foo/proc /mnt/foo/sys /mnt/foo
~~当我重新启动时，rEFInd 无法再启动。但是，我再次进入 grub，但~~它的行为与以前一样...

这是我的 grub.cfg - sda4 是分区，ubuntus / 位于其中。当我启动 KNOPPIX 并想要访问该分区时，我必须挂载 /dev/sda4。

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
set default="0"

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}

function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}

function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,gpt4'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
fi
    font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=en_US
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
  set timeout=-1
else
  set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
    set gfxpayload="${1}"
    if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
        set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
    else
        set vt_handoff=
    fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
recordfail
    load_video
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,gpt4'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
    fi
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=/dev/sda4 ro   quit splash processor.max_cstate=2 $vt_handoff
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt4'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=/dev/sda4 ro   quit splash processor.max_cstate=2 $vt_handoff
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt4'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=/dev/sda4 ro recovery nomodeset 
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.11.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.0-19-generic-advanced-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt4'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.11.0-19-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-19-generic root=UUID=1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea ro   quit splash processor.max_cstate=2 $vt_handoff
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-19-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.11.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.0-19-generic-recovery-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt4'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.11.0-19-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-19-generic root=UUID=1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea ro recovery nomodeset 
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-19-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.11.0-18-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.0-18-generic-advanced-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt4'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.11.0-18-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-18-generic root=UUID=1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea ro   quit splash processor.max_cstate=2 $vt_handoff
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-18-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.11.0-18-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.0-18-generic-recovery-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt4'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.11.0-18-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-18-generic root=UUID=1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea ro recovery nomodeset 
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-18-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.11.0-17-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.0-17-generic-advanced-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt4'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.11.0-17-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-17-generic root=UUID=1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea ro   quit splash processor.max_cstate=2 $vt_handoff
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-17-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.11.0-17-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.11.0-17-generic-recovery-1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_gpt
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,gpt4'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.11.0-17-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-17-generic root=UUID=1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea ro recovery nomodeset 
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-17-generic
    }
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,gpt4'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
    fi
    knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf
}
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,gpt4'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt4 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt4 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt4  1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 1b12d4dd-8a3c-47b1-8b9d-7c6cbe5371ea
    fi
    linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Mac OS X (32-bit) (on /dev/sda2)' --class osx --class darwin --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-xnu-32-8a6a66edd559aa12'  {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod hfsplus
    set root='hd0,gpt2'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  8a6a66edd559aa12
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8a6a66edd559aa12
    fi
        load_video
        set do_resume=0
        if [ /var/vm/sleepimage -nt10 / ]; then
           if xnu_resume /var/vm/sleepimage; then
             set do_resume=1
           fi
        fi
        if [ $do_resume = 0 ]; then
           xnu_uuid 8a6a66edd559aa12 uuid
           if [ -f /Extra/DSDT.aml ]; then
              acpi -e /Extra/DSDT.aml
           fi
           if [ /kernelcache -nt /System/Library/Extensions ]; then
              xnu_kernel /kernelcache boot-uuid=${uuid} rd=*uuid
           else
              xnu_kernel /mach_kernel boot-uuid=${uuid} rd=*uuid
              if [ /System/Library/Extensions.mkext -nt /System/Library/Extensions ]; then
                xnu_mkext /System/Library/Extensions.mkext
              else
                xnu_kextdir /System/Library/Extensions
              fi
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/Extensions.mkext ]; then
              xnu_mkext /Extra/Extensions.mkext
           fi
           if [ -d /Extra/Extensions ]; then
              xnu_kextdir /Extra/Extensions
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/devprop.bin ]; then
              xnu_devprop_load /Extra/devprop.bin
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/splash.jpg ]; then
              insmod jpeg
              xnu_splash /Extra/splash.jpg
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/splash.png ]; then
              insmod png
              xnu_splash /Extra/splash.png
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/splash.tga ]; then
              insmod tga
              xnu_splash /Extra/splash.tga
           fi
        fi
}
menuentry 'Mac OS X (64-bit) (on /dev/sda2)' --class osx --class darwin --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-xnu-64-8a6a66edd559aa12'  {
    insmod part_gpt
    insmod hfsplus
    set root='hd0,gpt2'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2  8a6a66edd559aa12
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8a6a66edd559aa12
    fi
        load_video
        set do_resume=0
        if [ /var/vm/sleepimage -nt10 / ]; then
           if xnu_resume /var/vm/sleepimage; then
             set do_resume=1
           fi
        fi
        if [ $do_resume = 0 ]; then
           xnu_uuid 8a6a66edd559aa12 uuid
           if [ -f /Extra/DSDT.aml ]; then
              acpi -e /Extra/DSDT.aml
           fi
           if [ /kernelcache -nt /System/Library/Extensions ]; then
              xnu_kernel64 /kernelcache boot-uuid=${uuid} rd=*uuid
           else
              xnu_kernel64 /mach_kernel boot-uuid=${uuid} rd=*uuid
              if [ /System/Library/Extensions.mkext -nt /System/Library/Extensions ]; then
                xnu_mkext /System/Library/Extensions.mkext
              else
                xnu_kextdir /System/Library/Extensions
              fi
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/Extensions.mkext ]; then
              xnu_mkext /Extra/Extensions.mkext
           fi
           if [ -d /Extra/Extensions ]; then
              xnu_kextdir /Extra/Extensions
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/devprop.bin ]; then
              xnu_devprop_load /Extra/devprop.bin
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/splash.jpg ]; then
              insmod jpeg
              xnu_splash /Extra/splash.jpg
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/splash.png ]; then
              insmod png
              xnu_splash /Extra/splash.png
           fi
           if [ -f /Extra/splash.tga ]; then
              insmod tga
              xnu_splash /Extra/splash.tga
           fi
        fi
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

对我来说这似乎很好......

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