我无法安装 lxml。系统中我有 python-lxml 包，但我需要其他...请帮忙，如果可以的话 - 我的任务是使用 virtualenv 在虚拟环境中安装 lxml 进行开发。我发现这个解决方案成功修复了 lxml 的安装：
$ sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev build-essential python-dev
$ sudo ldconfig
然后：
$ source bin/activate # for activate enviroment
(env) $ pip install lxml
但我有很多问题。
第一个问题是安装 build-essential 及其依赖项 -为什么 build-essential 失败了？
解决了！谢谢！
接下来我有这个（输出）：
(env) $ pip install lxml
...
i686-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security build/temp.linux-i686-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -lxslt -lexslt -lxml2 -lz -lm -o build/lib.linux-i686-2.7/lxml/etree.so
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lz
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'i686-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /tmp/1/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/1/build/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-DpYhbY-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /tmp/1/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /tmp/1/build/lxml
Storing debug log for failure in /home/constantia/.pip/pip.log
我读过这个说明http://lxml.de/installation.html然后尝试：
STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml
我尝试：
(env) $ STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml
...
File "buildlibxml.py", line 268, in call_subprocess
raise Exception('Command "%s" returned code %s' % (cmd_desc, returncode))
Exception: Command "make -j3" returned code 512
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/1/build/lxml
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/1/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 185, in main
return command.main(cmd_args)
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 161, in main
text = '\n'.join(complete_log)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 13: ordinal not in range(128)
我理解原因可能是 LANG 变量，因此尝试以下操作：
$ unset LANG
我有（输出）：
(env) $ STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml
...
File "buildlibxml.py", line 268, in call_subprocess
raise Exception('Command "%s" returned code %s' % (cmd_desc, returncode))
Exception: Command "make -j3" returned code 512
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/1/build/lxml
Storing debug log for failure in /home/constantia/.pip/pip.log
因此，我尝试使用 easy_install 和 STATIC_DEPS=true
我有（输出）：
(env) $ STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml
...
make[2]: *** [progname.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/easy_install-bqh5aG/lxml-3.3.5/build/tmp/libiconv-1.14/srclib'
make[1]: *** [all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/easy_install-bqh5aG/lxml-3.3.5/build/tmp/libiconv-1.14/srclib'
make: *** [all] Error 2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/1/bin/easy_install", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1909, in main
with_ei_usage(lambda:
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1896, in with_ei_usage
return f()
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1913, in <lambda>
distclass=DistributionWithoutHelpCommands, **kw
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 358, in run
self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps)
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 593, in easy_install
return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps)
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 623, in install_item
dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir)
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 809, in install_eggs
return self.build_and_install(setup_script, setup_base)
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1015, in build_and_install
self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args)
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1000, in run_setup
run_setup(setup_script, args)
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 50, in run_setup
lambda: execfile(
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 100, in run
return func()
File "/tmp/1/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 52, in <lambda>
{'__file__':setup_script, '__name__':'__main__'}
File "setup.py", line 229, in <module>
File "setup.py", line 140, in setup_extra_options
File "/tmp/easy_install-bqh5aG/lxml-3.3.5/setupinfo.py", line 57, in ext_modules
File "/tmp/easy_install-bqh5aG/lxml-3.3.5/buildlibxml.py", line 348, in build_libxml2xslt
File "/tmp/easy_install-bqh5aG/lxml-3.3.5/buildlibxml.py", line 285, in cmmi
File "/tmp/easy_install-bqh5aG/lxml-3.3.5/buildlibxml.py", line 268, in call_subprocess
Exception: Command "make -j3" returned code 512
所以我很伤心，不知道该怎么办。我希望 Stack Exchange 社区能提供帮助。
抱歉，我的问题是关于英语的（这不是我的母语）。
答案1
表示-lz名为 的库文件libz.so。此文件由包提供zlib1g-dev。运行sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev以安装包，然后重试原始命令（不带STATIC_DEPS）。