我在 Toshiba L30-10T 笔记本电脑上安装了 Lubuntu 14.04.2 LTS。有时，Alsa 无法在笔记本电脑启动时加载：我的电脑没有声音，我必须输入sudo alsa force-reload一两次才能恢复声音。
我还怀疑这个声音问题会导致计算机在使用过程中或关闭时死机。
当问题发生时，RealTek 模块（snd_hda_codec_realtek）似乎在 dmesg / alsa-info 文件中都无法正常启动。
有人解决过类似的问题吗？
以下是一些文件：
alsa-info 当 alsa 启动失败时：
http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=f0a6e32721ec42dc3bdbfb312d8f0c36bb33fc80
当 alsa 启动失败时，dmesg ：
[ 5.223878] excluding 0xf0300000-0xf03fffff
[ 5.244508] ath5k 0000:09:04.0: registered as 'phy0'
[ 5.754234] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
[ 5.754244] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[ 5.754248] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.754251] cfg80211: (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.754254] cfg80211: (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.754257] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.754260] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.761394] hda-intel 0000:00:14.2: Using LPIB position fix
[ 5.761514] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:14.2: irq 40 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 5.776486] hda-intel 0000:00:14.2: Enable sync_write for stable communication
[ 5.985298] init: failsafe main process (519) killed by TERM signal
[ 6.430700] ath: EEPROM regdomain: 0x64
[ 6.430707] ath: EEPROM indicates we should expect a direct regpair map
[ 6.430712] ath: Country alpha2 being used: 00
[ 6.430714] ath: Regpair used: 0x64
[ 6.444811] ieee80211 phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'minstrel_ht'
[ 6.445668] ath5k: phy0: Atheros AR2413 chip found (MAC: 0x78, PHY: 0x45)
alsa-info 当 alsa 在启动时没有失败时（snd_hda_codec_realtek 出现在模块列表中）：
http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=b8636d7b4d18375263322c2905496ea15260fd0e
当 alsa 在启动时没有失败时（realtek 出现）的 dmesg：
[ 4.735076] excluding 0xf0300000-0xf03fffff
[ 4.823552] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[ 4.857510] ath5k 0000:09:04.0: registered as 'phy0'
[ 5.038531] random: nonblocking pool is initialized
[ 5.704731] init: failsafe main process (564) killed by TERM signal
[ 5.736733] hda-intel 0000:00:14.2: Using LPIB position fix
[ 5.737024] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:14.2: irq 40 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 5.748862] hda-intel 0000:00:14.2: Enable sync_write for stable communication
[ 5.786351] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
[ 5.786360] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[ 5.786370] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.786373] cfg80211: (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.786376] cfg80211: (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.786379] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 5.786382] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[ 6.146764] autoconfig: line_outs=1 (0x15/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0) type:line
[ 6.146772] speaker_outs=1 (0x14/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 6.146775] hp_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 6.146777] mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 6.146779] inputs:
[ 6.146782] Mic=0x18
[ 6.146785] realtek: Enabling init ASM_ID=0x820d CODEC_ID=10ec0862
[ 6.156422] autoconfig: line_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0) type:line
[ 6.156431] speaker_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 6.156433] hp_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 6.156436] mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 6.156438] inputs:
[ 6.162612] input: HDA ATI SB Line Out as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.2/sound/card0/input10
[ 6.162816] input: HDA ATI SB Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.2/sound/card0/input9
[ 6.263610] ath: EEPROM regdomain: 0x64
[ 6.263617] ath: EEPROM indicates we should expect a direct regpair map
[ 6.263622] ath: Country alpha2 being used: 00
[ 6.263624] ath: Regpair used: 0x64
[ 6.277414] ieee80211 phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'minstrel_ht'
[ 6.278323] ath5k: phy0: Atheros AR2413 chip found (MAC: 0x78, PHY: 0x45)
答案1
我最终切换到带有 XFCE 的 Debian 8，并解决了我的东芝 L30-10T 笔记本电脑的声音问题。
Debian 有时仍会出现冻结现象，但频率较低。禁用 wifi 网络接口可解决计算机冻结问题。
我没有找到 Lubuntu 声音问题的根本原因。