到目前为止，我不确定我的 SSD 是否快要坏了，或者我是否有其他问题。一开始我开始ata COMRESET 失败（错误 =-16）在启动时，但计算机可以正常启动和运行，除了偶尔挂起。
我认为错误的原因是由于下载错误导致校验和不匹配（事实证明 Kubuntu 使用 SHA256 而不是 MD5 作为校验和）并再次下载了 Kubuntu 16.04.2。
在重新安装之前，我安装了 Windows（原谅我 Stallman），并使用它来更新 SSD 的固件 - 因为生产厂家没有也不会提供适用于 Linux 的更新程序，而且 Windows 没有报告驱动器的任何问题，因为我检查了几次，并使用更新工具（这也是一个检查工具）进行了检查，它表明 SSD 是干净的。
我不想更新 BIOS，因为如果我操作错误，它可能会损坏我的电脑。
磁盘运行良好，没有数据丢失，唯一的故障指标是我启动时有时显示的消息，当我从活动磁盘启动时，这是我启动到活动模式之前得到的一部分。
[ 7.332980] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient
(ready=0) [ 11.877170] ata3: COMRESET failed (errno=-16). [
17.237292] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) [ 21.934657] ata3: COMRESET failed
(errno=-16). [
27.294779] ata3: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) Limiting link speed to 1.5 GB
我使用 Parted Magic 检查了它，这是我得到的日志，它通过了所有测试，并且 SMART 显示它是健康的（制造商工具也是如此）。
smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [i686-linux-3.10.4-pmagic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: SPCC Solid State Disk
Serial Number: F4C3075B14D000003262
Firmware Version: S9FM02.8
User Capacity: 120,034,123,776 bytes [120 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: 8
ATA Standard is: ACS-3 (revision not indicated)
Local Time is: Fri Apr 21 10:43:21 2017 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 30) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3341
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1455
168 Unknown_Attribute 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
170 Unknown_Attribute 0x0013 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 25
173 Unknown_Attribute 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 50135087
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 51
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0023 070 070 000 Pre-fail Always - 30
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
218 Unknown_Attribute 0x0000 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 8428
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2691971
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 217 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 217 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 0 hours (0 days + 0 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 00 10 47 68 e0 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x00684710 = 6833936
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ca 00 00 10 47 68 e0 00 00:02:23.733 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 10 46 68 e0 00 00:02:23.732 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 10 45 68 e0 00 00:02:23.731 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 10 44 68 e0 00 00:02:23.730 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 10 43 68 e0 00 00:02:23.729 WRITE DMA
Error 216 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 0 hours (0 days + 0 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 00 10 23 68 e0 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x00682310 = 6824720
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ca 00 00 10 23 68 e0 00 00:02:18.108 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 10 22 68 e0 00 00:02:18.108 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 10 21 68 e0 00 00:02:18.107 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 10 20 68 e0 00 00:02:18.106 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 10 1f 68 e0 00 00:02:18.105 WRITE DMA
Error 215 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 0 hours (0 days + 0 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 00 f8 15 68 e0 Error: ABRT at LBA = 0x006815f8 = 6821368
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c5 00 00 f8 15 68 e0 00 00:02:13.687 WRITE MULTIPLE
c5 00 00 f8 14 68 e0 00 00:02:13.661 WRITE MULTIPLE
ca 00 18 f8 17 68 e0 00 00:02:13.661 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 f8 16 68 e0 00 00:02:13.660 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 f8 15 68 e0 00 00:02:13.656 WRITE DMA
Error 214 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 0 hours (0 days + 0 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 00 f8 14 68 e0 Error: ABRT at LBA = 0x006814f8 = 6821112
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c5 00 00 f8 14 68 e0 00 00:02:13.661 WRITE MULTIPLE
ca 00 18 f8 17 68 e0 00 00:02:13.661 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 f8 16 68 e0 00 00:02:13.660 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 f8 15 68 e0 00 00:02:13.656 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 f8 14 68 e0 00 00:02:13.651 WRITE DMA
Error 213 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 0 hours (0 days + 0 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
84 51 00 f8 15 68 e0 Error: ICRC, ABRT at LBA = 0x006815f8 = 6821368
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ca 00 00 f8 15 68 e0 00 00:02:13.656 WRITE DMA
ca 00 00 f8 14 68 e0 00 00:02:13.651 WRITE DMA
c8 00 09 20 6a c8 e0 00 00:02:13.633 READ DMA
c8 00 07 28 16 03 e1 00 00:02:13.630 READ DMA
06 01 01 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:13.614 [RESERVED]
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Conveyance offline Completed without error 00% 3341 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 3341 -
# 3 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 3149 -
# 4 Conveyance offline Completed without error 00% 3148 -
# 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 3148 -
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 2197 -
# 7 Conveyance offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
# 8 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
Note: selective self-test log revision number (0) not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 0
Note: revision number not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
当我使用另一个磁盘并从活动磁盘启动时，它没有显示消息。
是我的固态硬盘快坏了？我用了快一年了。我太害怕使用我的电脑了，我想确保磁盘是完好无损且可用，还是坏了需要更换。
在所有情况下，我都不会使用此磁盘来存储数据，因为它是一个小型驱动器（只有 111 GB），我使用它只是为了让计算机启动更快并运行程序更快。
附言：我没有安装任何定制或特殊软件。
PSS：以前有恢复日志的问题，现在已经没有了。
答案1
到目前为止，磁盘似乎正在工作，错误数为 217。可能是因为我下载的 ISO 已损坏，导致启动速度非常慢，然后我不得不对其进行调整以使其运行得更快？
我所做的是在 Windows 下安装 SSD 固件更新（由于制造商缺少软件），然后全新安装 Kubuntu 16.04.2
因此我将这个问题标记为已解决，直至另行通知。
关于启动缓慢以及解决方法的调整，我的问题如下：
关于 SSD 错误及可能的修复方法的问题：