sudo apt-get update
Hit http://download.virtualbox.org trusty InRelease
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Ign http://linux.dropbox.com trusty InRelease
Ign http://dl.google.com stable InRelease
Hit http://linux.dropbox.com trusty Release.gpg
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Hit http://linux.dropbox.com trusty Release
Hit http://download.virtualbox.org trusty/contrib amd64 Packages
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg
Hit http://linux.dropbox.com trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg
Hit http://linux.dropbox.com trusty/main i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Ign http://archive.canonical.com trusty InRelease
Hit http://download.virtualbox.org trusty/contrib i386 Packages
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Sources
Get:1 https://dl.winehq.org trusty InRelease
Hit http://archive.canonical.com trusty Release.gpg
Ign https://dl.winehq.org trusty InRelease
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Sources
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main amd64 Packages
Get:2 https://dl.winehq.org trusty/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign https://dl.winehq.org trusty/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign https://dl.winehq.org trusty/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Sources
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty Release
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Sources
Hit http://archive.canonical.com trusty Release
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Sources
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main amd64 Packages
Hit https://dl.winehq.org trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Sources
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages
Ign http://download.virtualbox.org trusty/contrib Translation-en_US
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse Sources
Hit https://dl.winehq.org trusty/main i386 Packages
Hit http://archive.canonical.com trusty/partner amd64 Packages
Ign http://download.virtualbox.org trusty/contrib Translation-en
Get:3 https://dl.winehq.org trusty/main Translation-en_US
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse Sources
Hit http://archive.canonical.com trusty/partner i386 Packages
Ign http://linux.dropbox.com trusty/main Translation-en_US
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
Ign http://linux.dropbox.com trusty/main Translation-en
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://archive.canonical.com trusty/partner Translation-en
Ign https://dl.winehq.org trusty/main Translation-en_US
Ign https://dl.winehq.org trusty/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted i386 Packages
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse i386 Packages
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Sources
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_US
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Sources
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/multiverse Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Translation-en_US
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en_US
Fetched 4,701 B in 7s (607 B/s)
Reading package lists...
W: GPG error: https://dl.winehq.org trusty InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 818A435C5FCBF54A
sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="14.04.5 LTS, Trusty Tahr"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS"
VERSION_ID="14.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
linux-generic is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
root@CLM1001-Ubuntu:/home/stephen# apt-cache policy linux-generic
linux-generic:
Installed: 3.13.0.139.148
Candidate: 3.13.0.139.148
Version table:
*** 3.13.0.139.148 0
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
3.13.0.24.28 0
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/CzMVv.jpg
答案1
您的系统似乎尚未更新到 HWE 堆栈。从此图中可以看出，3.13 是 GA 内核，2016 年 8 月建议用户更新到 HWE 堆栈。
以下是官方 wiki 中针对 14.04 的流程页。
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS - 值得信赖的塔尔羊
14.04.2 和更新的版本默认会附带更新的内核和 X 堆栈。如果您使用旧媒体安装，则可以使用以下命令安装源自 16.04（Xenial）的较新 HWE 内核：
桌面
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-core-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-xenial libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial
多架构桌面
如果你运行多架构桌面（例如，用于游戏或 Wine 的 amd64 上的 i386 和 amd64），你可能会发现需要一个稍微复杂的命令，如下所示：
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-core-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-video-all-lts-xenial xserver-xorg-input-all-lts-xenial libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-xenial libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-xenial:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-xenial:i386
服务器
安装源自16.04（xenial）的HWE内核：
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-xenial
当我这样做时，我对 Multiarch Desktop 部分有一个疑问 - 我怎么知道这是否适用于我？参考：如何判断我的系统是否是“多架构”的？
答案是使用命令
dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
如果您得到输出，则表明您的系统是多架构的。
在尝试任何此类操作之前，我建议您备份您的系统。
答案2
我认为这可能是一个答案：1) 我将 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver 安装在安装 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 的同一硬盘上的一个空分区中。2) 然后我玩了一下 GRUB2 并将 grub-install 到该硬盘上。然后，当我重新启动时，我的 Ubuntu 14.04 出现了内核 4.4.0-109-generic。以防万一，我想补充一下，这个系统有两个分区，其中有“/boot/grub”目录。其中一个是在一年前左右安装 Debian 8 时创建的。所以，现在我在同一个磁盘上有三个操作系统，这正是我想要的，Ubuntu 14.04 是我的默认操作系统。我预料到的一个副作用是视频驱动程序会定期使我的显示器变黑，我在尝试 Ubuntu 16.04 和 Ubuntu 18.04 时也看到了这种情况。我有 AMD RS880 [Radeon HD 4250] 显卡。除非我能找到一种方法来获得适用于此显卡的驱动程序，否则我将不得不忍受这种情况。感谢大家的帮助。Askubuntu 是一个很棒的资源。我几乎通过 askubuntu 找到了所有解决方案。如果我能弄清楚如何操作，我将把此问题标记为已回答。