我为 Nvidia GPU (GTX 285) 安装了 OpenCL，但是 OpenCL 不起作用。
clinfo（和其他应用程序）显示此错误：
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
...
beignet-opencl-icd: no supported GPU found, this is probably the wrong
opencl-icd package for this hardware
(If you have multiple ICDs installed and OpenCL works, you can ignore this message)
我安装的软件包是：
niko@desk:~/binaries/bin$ apt list --installed|grep icd
beignet-opencl-icd/xenial,now 1.1.1-2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
nvidia-opencl-icd-340/xenial-updates,now 340.104-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
nvidia-opencl-icd-340-updates/xenial-updates,now 340.104-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
ocl-icd-libopencl1/xenial,now 2.2.8-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
niko@desk:~/binaries/bin$ apt list --installed|grep nvidia
nvidia-340/xenial-updates,now 340.104-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
nvidia-340-uvm/xenial-updates,now 340.104-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed,auto-removable]
nvidia-opencl-dev/xenial,now 7.5.18-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
nvidia-opencl-icd-340/xenial-updates,now 340.104-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
nvidia-opencl-icd-340-updates/xenial-updates,now 340.104-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
nvidia-prime/xenial,now 0.8.2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
nvidia-settings/xenial,now 361.42-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
niko@desk:~/binaries/bin$ apt list --installed|grep -i opencl
beignet-opencl-icd/xenial,now 1.1.1-2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
nvidia-opencl-dev/xenial,now 7.5.18-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
nvidia-opencl-icd-340/xenial-updates,now 340.104-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
nvidia-opencl-icd-340-updates/xenial-updates,now 340.104-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
ocl-icd-libopencl1/xenial,now 2.2.8-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
opencl-headers/xenial,xenial,now 2.0~svn32091-2 all [installed]
unity-scope-openclipart/xenial,xenial,now 0.1+13.10.20130723-0ubuntu1 all [installed]
完整clinfo输出如下：
root@desk:/home/niko/binaries/bin# clinfo
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
beignet-opencl-icd: no supported GPU found, this is probably the wrong opencl-icd package for this hardware
(If you have multiple ICDs installed and OpenCL works, you can ignore this message)
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
beignet-opencl-icd: no supported GPU found, this is probably the wrong opencl-icd package for this hardware
(If you have multiple ICDs installed and OpenCL works, you can ignore this message)
Number of platforms 2
Platform Name NVIDIA CUDA
Platform Vendor NVIDIA Corporation
Platform Version OpenCL 1.1 CUDA 6.5.51
Platform Profile FULL_PROFILE
Platform Extensions cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_icd cl_khr_gl_sharing cl_nv_compiler_options cl_nv_device_attribute_query cl_nv_pragma_unroll cl_nv_copy_opts
Platform Extensions function suffix NV
Platform Name Intel Gen OCL Driver
Platform Vendor Intel
Platform Version OpenCL 1.2 beignet 1.1.1
Platform Profile FULL_PROFILE
Platform Extensions cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_spir cl_khr_icd
Platform Extensions function suffix Intel
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
DRM_IOCTL_I915_GEM_APERTURE failed: Invalid argument
Assuming 131072kB available aperture size.
May lead to reduced performance or incorrect rendering.
get chip id failed: -1 [22]
param: 4, val: 0
beignet-opencl-icd: no supported GPU found, this is probably the wrong opencl-icd package for this hardware
(If you have multiple ICDs installed and OpenCL works, you can ignore this message)
Platform Name NVIDIA CUDA
Number of devices 2
Device Name GeForce GTX 285
Device Vendor NVIDIA Corporation
Device Vendor ID 0x10de
Device Version OpenCL 1.0 CUDA
Driver Version 340.104
Device OpenCL C Version OpenCL C 1.1
Device Type GPU
Device Profile FULL_PROFILE
Device Topology (NV) PCI-E, 06:00.0
Max compute units 30
Max clock frequency 1476MHz
Compute Capability (NV) 1.3
Max work item dimensions 3
Max work item sizes 512x512x64
Max work group size 512
Preferred work group size multiple 32
Warp size (NV) 32
Preferred / native vector sizes
char 1 / 1
short 1 / 1
int 1 / 1
long 1 / 1
half 0 / 0 (n/a)
float 1 / 1
double 1 / 1 (cl_khr_fp64)
Half-precision Floating-point support (n/a)
Single-precision Floating-point support (core)
Denormals No
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero Yes
Round to infinity Yes
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add Yes
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Double-precision Floating-point support (cl_khr_fp64)
Denormals Yes
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero Yes
Round to infinity Yes
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add Yes
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Address bits 32, Little-Endian
Global memory size 2146762752 (1.999GiB)
Error Correction support No
Max memory allocation 536690688 (511.8MiB)
Unified memory for Host and Device No
Integrated memory (NV) No
Minimum alignment for any data type 128 bytes
Alignment of base address 2048 bits (256 bytes)
Global Memory cache type None
Image support Yes
Max number of samplers per kernel 16
Max 2D image size 4096x16383 pixels
Max 3D image size 2048x2048x2048 pixels
Max number of read image args 128
Max number of write image args 8
Local memory type Local
Local memory size 16384 (16KiB)
Registers per block (NV) 16384
Max constant buffer size 65536 (64KiB)
Max number of constant args 9
Max size of kernel argument 4352 (4.25KiB)
Queue properties
Out-of-order execution Yes
Profiling Yes
Profiling timer resolution 1000ns
Execution capabilities
Run OpenCL kernels Yes
Run native kernels No
Kernel execution timeout (NV) Yes
Concurrent copy and kernel execution (NV) Yes
Number of async copy engines 1
Device Available Yes
Compiler Available Yes
Device Extensions cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_icd cl_khr_gl_sharing cl_nv_compiler_options cl_nv_device_attribute_query cl_nv_pragma_unroll cl_nv_copy_opts cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_fp64
Device Name GeForce 8400 GS
Device Vendor NVIDIA Corporation
Device Vendor ID 0x10de
Device Version OpenCL 1.0 CUDA
Driver Version 340.104
Device OpenCL C Version OpenCL C 1.0
Device Type GPU
Device Profile FULL_PROFILE
Device Topology (NV) PCI-E, 07:00.0
Max compute units 2
Max clock frequency 918MHz
Compute Capability (NV) 1.1
Max work item dimensions 3
Max work item sizes 512x512x64
Max work group size 512
Preferred work group size multiple 32
Warp size (NV) 32
Preferred / native vector sizes
char 1 / 1
short 1 / 1
int 1 / 1
long 1 / 1
half 0 / 0 (n/a)
float 1 / 1
double 0 / 0 (n/a)
Half-precision Floating-point support (n/a)
Single-precision Floating-point support (core)
Denormals No
Infinity and NANs Yes
Round to nearest Yes
Round to zero Yes
Round to infinity Yes
IEEE754-2008 fused multiply-add Yes
Support is emulated in software No
Correctly-rounded divide and sqrt operations No
Double-precision Floating-point support (n/a)
Address bits 32, Little-Endian
Global memory size 268238848 (255.8MiB)
Error Correction support No
Max memory allocation 134217728 (128MiB)
Unified memory for Host and Device No
Integrated memory (NV) No
Minimum alignment for any data type 128 bytes
Alignment of base address 2048 bits (256 bytes)
Global Memory cache type None
Image support Yes
Max number of samplers per kernel 16
Max 2D image size 4096x16383 pixels
Max 3D image size 2048x2048x2048 pixels
Max number of read image args 128
Max number of write image args 8
Local memory type Local
Local memory size 16384 (16KiB)
Registers per block (NV) 8192
Max constant buffer size 65536 (64KiB)
Max number of constant args 9
Max size of kernel argument 4352 (4.25KiB)
Queue properties
Out-of-order execution Yes
Profiling Yes
Profiling timer resolution 1000ns
Execution capabilities
Run OpenCL kernels Yes
Run native kernels No
Kernel execution timeout (NV) No
Concurrent copy and kernel execution (NV) Yes
Number of async copy engines 1
Device Available Yes
Compiler Available Yes
Device Extensions cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_icd cl_khr_gl_sharing cl_nv_compiler_options cl_nv_device_attribute_query cl_nv_pragma_unroll cl_nv_copy_opts cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global_int32_extended_atomics
Platform Name Intel Gen OCL Driver
Number of devices 0
NULL platform behavior
clGetPlatformInfo(NULL, CL_PLATFORM_NAME, ...) NVIDIA CUDA
clGetDeviceIDs(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ALL, ...) Success [NV]
clCreateContext(NULL, ...) [default] Success [NV]
clCreateContext(NULL, ...) [other] <error: no devices in non-default plaforms>
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU) No devices found in platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) No platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ACCELERATOR) No devices found in platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_CUSTOM) No devices found in platform
clCreateContextFromType(NULL, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_ALL) No platform
ICD loader properties
ICD loader Name OpenCL ICD Loader
ICD loader Vendor OCL Icd free software
ICD loader Version 2.2.8
ICD loader Profile OpenCL 1.2
NOTE: your OpenCL library declares to support OpenCL 1.2,
but it seems to support up to OpenCL 2.1 too.
root@desk:/home/niko/binaries/bin#
这可能是什么问题？
答案1
我在 Ubuntu 上针对 openCL 的检查清单：
运行工具和应用程序的用户需要访问视频设备。对于 Ubuntu，这需要将其放入“视频”组中。
如果您想访问英特尔 CPU 上的 GPU，请在 BIOS 中激活“板载视频”。
有启发式方法可以通过 XServer 找到 ICD。因此，使用“DISPLAY= clinfo”等命令取消设置 DISPLAY 变量可能会有所帮助，具体取决于您的终端访问（SSH 或直接或在 X 内）
使用专有的 NVidia 驱动程序。Nouveau 到 2020/1 年将不再支持 openCL