我正在运行sudo apt update ; sudo apt upgrade -y，安装到一半时我的电脑没电了，突然关机了。附注 - 我在 Windows 10 上使用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统。
现在，当我运行时，sudo apt upgrade我遇到了错误，我不知道该如何解决。以下是我遇到的问题：
~$ sudo apt upgrade -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpam-systemd : Depends: systemd (= 229-4ubuntu21.6) but 229-4ubuntu21.4 is installed
systemd : Depends: libsystemd0 (= 229-4ubuntu21.4) but 229-4ubuntu21.6 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
因此我尝试了一下，结果如下：
~$ sudo apt upgrade -y -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ubuntu-advantage-tools
The following packages will be upgraded:
apt-transport-https cloud-init curl distro-info-data dpkg-dev friendly-recovery gettext-base kmod libasprintf0v5 libcurl3 libcurl3-gnutls libdpkg-perl libgs9 libgs9-common libkmod2 libmspack0 libpam-systemd libsystemd0 libudev1
linux-libc-dev openssh-client openssh-server openssh-sftp-server python3-cryptography python3-requests python3-update-manager systemd systemd-sysv tzdata ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-standard udev update-manager-core yarn
34 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 5,245 kB/17.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 531 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libpam-systemd amd64 229-4ubuntu21.8 [115 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libudev1 amd64 229-4ubuntu21.8 [54.1 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 udev amd64 229-4ubuntu21.8 [993 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libsystemd0 amd64 229-4ubuntu21.8 [204 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 systemd amd64 229-4ubuntu21.8 [3,775 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 systemd-sysv amd64 229-4ubuntu21.8 [11.6 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libasprintf0v5 amd64 0.19.7-2ubuntu3.1 [6,568 B]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 gettext-base amd64 0.19.7-2ubuntu3.1 [48.0 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmspack0 amd64 0.5-1ubuntu0.16.04.3 [37.4 kB]
Fetched 5,245 kB in 15s (333 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 60877 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-systemd_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpam-systemd:amd64 (229-4ubuntu21.8) over (229-4ubuntu21.6) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libudev1_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libudev1:amd64 (229-4ubuntu21.8) over (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Setting up libudev1:amd64 (229-4ubuntu21.8) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
(Reading database ... 60877 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../udev_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking udev (229-4ubuntu21.8) over (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libsystemd0_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libsystemd0:amd64 (229-4ubuntu21.8) over (229-4ubuntu21.6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Setting up libsystemd0:amd64 (229-4ubuntu21.8) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
(Reading database ... 60877 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../systemd_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking systemd (229-4ubuntu21.8) over (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/systemd_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb (--unpack):
unable to make backup symlink for './lib/systemd/system/checkroot-bootclean.service': No such file or directory
No apport report written because the error message indicates an issue on the local system
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.10.6-1ubuntu3.3) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/systemd_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我也尝试运行sudo apt-get -f install并得到：
~$ sudo apt-get -f install
[sudo] password for andre:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
systemd
Suggested packages:
systemd-ui systemd-container
The following packages will be upgraded:
systemd
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 29 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/3,775 kB of archives.
After this operation, 8,192 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 60877 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../systemd_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking systemd (229-4ubuntu21.8) over (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/systemd_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb (--unpack):
unable to make backup symlink for './lib/systemd/system/checkroot-bootclean.service': No such file or directory
No apport report written because the error message indicates an issue on the local system
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.10.6-1ubuntu3.3) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/systemd_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我该如何修复这个问题并使我的包管理器恢复到健康状态？
答案1
我会尝试先用
sudo apt-get clean
然后尝试
sudo dpkg --configure -a
或/和
sudo apt upgrade --fix-missing
答案2
看起来该文件/var/cache/apt/archives/systemd_229-4ubuntu21.8_amd64.deb已损坏。
在尝试安装 systemd 时，包管理器假定已经有一个缓存的 deb 文件，因此只需删除它并sudo apt-get -f install再次运行。
答案3
在我的普通 Ubuntu 18.10 上，您丢失的文件确实出现了，但它只是一个符号链接，如下所示：
ls -la /lib/systemd/system/checkroot-bootclean.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 /lib/systemd/system/checkroot-bootclean.service -> /dev/null
所以给自己这样一个文件问题
sudo ln -s /dev/null /lib/systemd/system/checkroot-bootclean.service
然后重新发布
sudo apt-get -f install
然而，这只是一种预感，缺失的符号链接可能是更大问题的一部分……直到你尝试才知道
这里仅提供一些背景信息，这是我的整个 /lib/systemd/system/
scott@berghia /lib/systemd/system $ ls -la /lib/systemd/system/
total 1116
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 36864 Nov 12 14:46 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:46 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 631 Nov 3 2016 accounts-daemon.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Feb 9 2016 acpid.path
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 234 Apr 8 2016 acpid.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Feb 9 2016 acpid.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 510 Apr 14 2016 alsa-restore.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Apr 14 2016 alsa-state.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 14 2016 alsa-utils.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 283 Dec 28 2014 anacron-resume.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 183 Dec 28 2014 anacron.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142 Mar 31 2016 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 246 May 24 11:15 apport-forward.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 225 Oct 9 06:36 apt-daily.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 156 Oct 9 06:36 apt-daily.timer
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 238 Oct 9 06:36 apt-daily-upgrade.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184 Oct 9 06:36 apt-daily-upgrade.timer
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Nov 9 03:15 [email protected] -> [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1044 Apr 17 2018 avahi-daemon.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 874 Apr 17 2018 avahi-daemon.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 879 Nov 9 03:15 basic.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 28 2018 basic.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1159 Feb 22 2016 binfmt-support.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 384 Jan 18 2018 bluetooth.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 379 Nov 9 03:15 bluetooth.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 bootlogd.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 bootlogs.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 bootmisc.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 545 Apr 27 2016 brltty.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 429 Apr 27 2016 brltty-udev.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 358 Nov 9 03:15 busnames.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 15 2016 busnames.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 263 Sep 14 2015 cgmanager.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 222 Sep 14 2015 cgproxy.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 checkfs.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 checkroot-bootclean.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 checkroot.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 298 Nov 6 2015 colord.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 770 Nov 9 03:15 console-getty.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 288 Jun 16 2016 console-setup.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 742 Nov 9 03:15 console-shell.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 486 Nov 5 15:04 containerd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 791 Nov 9 03:15 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 251 Apr 5 2016 cron.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 cryptdisks-early.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 cryptdisks.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 394 Nov 9 03:15 cryptsetup-pre.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 366 Nov 9 03:15 cryptsetup.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Nov 9 03:15 ctrl-alt-del.target -> reboot.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 234 May 7 2018 cups-browsed.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142 Jun 22 14:30 cups.path
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 175 Jun 22 14:30 cups.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 116 Jun 22 14:30 cups.socket
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Nov 9 03:15 dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service -> systemd-hostnamed.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Nov 9 03:15 dbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.service -> systemd-localed.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Nov 9 03:15 dbus-org.freedesktop.login1.service -> systemd-logind.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Nov 9 03:15 dbus-org.freedesktop.network1.service -> systemd-networkd.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Nov 9 03:15 dbus-org.freedesktop.resolve1.service -> systemd-resolved.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Nov 9 03:15 dbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.service -> systemd-timedated.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 491 Jan 12 2017 dbus.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106 Jan 12 2017 dbus.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1010 Nov 9 03:15 debug-shell.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Nov 9 03:15 default.target -> graphical.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 670 Nov 9 03:15 dev-hugepages.mount
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 624 Nov 9 03:15 dev-mqueue.mount
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 10 2016 display-manager.service.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 428 Oct 23 2015 dns-clean.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 924 Jul 12 09:39 dnsmasq.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1599 Nov 6 19:51 docker.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1009 Nov 9 03:15 emergency.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 431 Nov 9 03:15 emergency.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 501 Nov 9 03:15 exit.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 364 Aug 2 2015 fail2ban.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 134 Aug 20 2016 failsafe-graphical.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 232 Aug 20 2016 failsafe-x.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 440 Nov 9 03:15 final.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 618 Oct 2 14:43 friendly-recovery.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 172 Oct 2 14:43 friendly-recovery.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 fuse.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 117 Jan 18 2018 fwupdate-cleanup.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1536 Nov 9 03:15 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 342 Nov 7 19:01 getty-static.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 460 Nov 9 03:15 getty.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 getty.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 239 Mar 10 2017 gpu-manager.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 558 Nov 9 03:15 graphical.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 graphical.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 halt.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 487 Nov 9 03:15 halt.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 22 12:44 halt.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 447 Nov 9 03:15 hibernate.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 hostname.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 hwclock.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 468 Nov 9 03:15 hybrid-sleep.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 497 Nov 30 2016 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 133 Feb 28 2017 iio-sensor-proxy.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Nov 9 03:15 initrd-cleanup.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 553 Nov 9 03:15 initrd-fs.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 790 Nov 9 03:15 initrd-parse-etc.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 526 Nov 9 03:15 initrd-root-fs.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 640 Nov 9 03:15 initrd-switch-root.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 691 Nov 9 03:15 initrd-switch-root.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 22 12:44 initrd-switch-root.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 671 Nov 9 03:15 initrd.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Nov 9 03:15 initrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 201 Jun 1 2014 ipmievd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 376 Mar 10 2016 kerneloops.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 501 Nov 9 03:15 kexec.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 22 12:44 kexec.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 285 Jun 16 2016 keyboard-setup.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 killprocs.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Nov 9 03:15 kmod.service -> systemd-modules-load.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 677 Nov 9 03:15 kmod-static-nodes.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 506 Mar 31 2017 lightdm.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 234 Aug 17 2014 lighttpd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 199 Apr 5 2014 lm-sensors.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 395 Nov 9 03:15 local-fs-pre.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 507 Nov 9 03:15 local-fs.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 local-fs.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 Nov 9 03:15 machine.slice
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 473 Nov 9 03:15 mail-transport-agent.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 268 Jan 24 2018 ModemManager.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Nov 9 03:15 module-init-tools.service -> systemd-modules-load.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 motd.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 mountall-bootclean.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 mountall.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 mountdevsubfs.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 mountkernfs.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 mountnfs-bootclean.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 mountnfs.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 492 Nov 9 03:15 multi-user.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 multi-user.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 735 Nov 30 2016 networking.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 364 Nov 2 16:15 NetworkManager-dispatcher.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Nov 2 16:15 network-manager.service -> NetworkManager.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 857 Nov 2 16:15 NetworkManager.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 303 Nov 2 16:15 NetworkManager-wait-online.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 464 Nov 9 03:15 network-online.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 461 Nov 9 03:15 network-pre.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 480 Nov 9 03:15 network.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 514 Nov 9 03:15 nss-lookup.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 473 Nov 9 03:15 nss-user-lookup.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354 Nov 9 03:15 paths.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 412 May 9 2018 plymouth-halt.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 426 May 9 2018 plymouth-kexec.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 May 9 2018 plymouth-log.service -> plymouth-read-write.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 421 May 9 2018 plymouth-poweroff.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194 May 9 2018 plymouth-quit.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 200 May 9 2018 plymouth-quit-wait.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 244 May 9 2018 plymouth-read-write.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 416 May 9 2018 plymouth-reboot.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 May 9 2018 plymouth.service -> plymouth-quit.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 532 May 9 2018 plymouth-start.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 291 May 9 2018 plymouth-switch-root.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182 Jan 14 2016 polkitd.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Nov 11 2015 portmap.service -> rpcbind.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 337 Jul 16 12:22 postgresql.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1356 Jul 16 12:22 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 552 Nov 9 03:15 poweroff.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 poweroff.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 207 Jan 27 2016 pppd-dns.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 377 Nov 9 03:15 printer.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Nov 9 03:15 procps.service -> systemd-sysctl.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 693 Nov 9 03:15 proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 603 Nov 9 03:15 proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 568 Nov 9 03:15 quotaon.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 612 Nov 9 03:15 rc-local.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Nov 9 03:15 rc.local.service -> rc-local.service
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 rc-local.service.d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 rc.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 rcS.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 reboot.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 543 Nov 9 03:15 reboot.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 reboot.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 396 Nov 9 03:15 remote-fs-pre.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 482 Nov 9 03:15 remote-fs.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 978 Nov 9 03:15 rescue.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 486 Nov 9 03:15 rescue.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 rescue.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 420 Nov 29 2017 resolvconf.service
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 resolvconf.service.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 rmnologin.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 407 Nov 10 2015 rpcbind.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 128 Nov 5 2015 rpcbind.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 500 Nov 9 03:15 rpcbind.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 188 Feb 24 2014 rsync.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Apr 5 2016 rsyslog.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1055 Oct 26 2015 rtkit-daemon.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Nov 9 03:15 runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Nov 9 03:15 runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 18 2016 runlevel1.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Nov 9 03:15 runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 18 2016 runlevel2.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Nov 9 03:15 runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 18 2016 runlevel3.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Nov 9 03:15 runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 18 2016 runlevel4.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Nov 9 03:15 runlevel5.target -> graphical.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 18 2016 runlevel5.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Nov 9 03:15 runlevel6.target -> reboot.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 30 2017 saned.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 309 Apr 25 2015 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 132 Dec 12 2014 saned.socket
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 sendsigs.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1038 Nov 9 03:15 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 269 Jan 31 2017 setvtrgb.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 402 Nov 9 03:15 shutdown.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 153 Nov 7 19:01 sigpwr-container-shutdown.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 362 Nov 9 03:15 sigpwr.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 sigpwr.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 single.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 420 Nov 9 03:15 sleep.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 403 Nov 9 03:15 -.slice
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 409 Nov 9 03:15 slices.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 380 Nov 9 03:15 smartcard.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 252 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.autoimport.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 320 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.core-fixup.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 172 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.failure.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 322 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.seeded.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 411 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 372 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.snap-repair.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 281 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.snap-repair.timer
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 281 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 503 Oct 25 06:00 snapd.system-shutdown.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 356 Nov 9 03:15 sockets.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:46 sockets.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 380 Nov 9 03:15 sound.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 stop-bootlogd.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 stop-bootlogd-single.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 441 Nov 9 03:15 suspend.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 353 Nov 9 03:15 swap.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 715 Nov 9 03:15 sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 518 Nov 9 03:15 sysinit.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:46 sysinit.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 719 Nov 9 03:15 sys-kernel-config.mount
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 662 Nov 9 03:15 sys-kernel-debug.mount
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1235 Nov 9 03:15 syslog.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 646 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-ask-password-console.path
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 653 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-ask-password-console.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 490 May 9 2018 systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 467 May 9 2018 systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 574 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-ask-password-wall.path
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 681 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-ask-password-wall.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 724 Nov 9 03:15 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 959 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-binfmt.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 650 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-bootchart.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1024 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-bus-proxyd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 409 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-bus-proxyd.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 497 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-exit.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 551 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-fsckd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 540 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-fsckd.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 674 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-fsck-root.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 648 Nov 9 03:15 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 544 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-halt.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 631 Nov 9 03:15 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 501 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-hibernate.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 710 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-hostnamed.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 778 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-hwdb-update.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 519 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-hybrid-sleep.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 480 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-initctl.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 524 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-initctl.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 607 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-journald-audit.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1090 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-journald-dev-log.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1276 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-journald.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 842 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-journald.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 731 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-journal-flush.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 557 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-kexec.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 691 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-localed.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1179 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-logind.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 693 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-machine-id-commit.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 967 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-modules-load.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 175 Nov 7 19:01 systemd-networkd-resolvconf-update.path
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 715 Nov 7 19:01 systemd-networkd-resolvconf-update.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1277 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-networkd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 591 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-networkd.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 685 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 553 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-poweroff.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 614 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-quotacheck.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 717 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-random-seed.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 548 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-reboot.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 757 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-remount-fs.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 907 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-resolved.service
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 systemd-resolved.service.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 696 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-rfkill.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 617 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-rfkill.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 497 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-suspend.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 653 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-sysctl.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 655 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-timedated.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1032 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-timesyncd.service
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 systemd-timesyncd.service.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 598 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 450 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 703 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 683 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 578 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-udevd-control.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 570 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 825 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-udevd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 823 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-udev-settle.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 743 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-udev-trigger.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 757 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 754 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-update-utmp.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 573 Nov 9 03:15 systemd-user-sessions.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 436 Nov 9 03:15 system.slice
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 585 Nov 9 03:15 system-update.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 254 Apr 18 2017 thermald.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 Nov 9 03:15 timers.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 14:45 timers.target.wants
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 395 Nov 9 03:15 time-sync.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 571 Mar 7 2016 [email protected]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Nov 9 03:15 udev.service -> systemd-udevd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 196 Apr 1 2016 udisks2.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 241 Mar 3 2015 ufw.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 umountfs.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 umountnfs.service -> /dev/null
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 umountroot.service -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 417 Nov 9 03:15 umount.target
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451 Jun 15 2016 upower.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Nov 9 03:15 urandom.service -> systemd-random-seed.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 401 Feb 24 2015 ureadahead.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 250 Feb 24 2015 ureadahead-stop.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242 Feb 24 2015 ureadahead-stop.timer
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178 Oct 5 2015 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 183 Jan 4 2016 usbmuxd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 528 Nov 9 03:15 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 392 Nov 9 03:15 user.slice
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 189 May 16 10:59 uuidd.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 126 May 16 10:59 uuidd.socket
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 167 Mar 3 2016 [email protected]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 253 Jul 27 2017 whoopsie.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 266 Aug 9 14:52 wpa_supplicant.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 9 03:15 x11-common.service -> /dev/null
当然，你的上述目录的内容可能会有所不同，但这可能有助于你了解大概情况...显然，对 systemd 的胡乱操作正在执行从头到身的移植，因此 YMMV