我安装了 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS。然后我将其与 Windows 7 进行了双启动。使用实时 USB 启动修复后，它显示
启动成功修复
但我仍然看不到 GRUB 屏幕，它直接启动 Windows 7。
修剪启动信息输出 - 完整报告是粘贴在这里
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Syslinux MBR (5.00 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> No known boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: swap
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 7/2008: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
sda4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 7/2008: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: iso9660
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: /mnt/BootInfo/sdb1: /dev/sdb1 already mounted or mount point busy.
sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT16
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sdb2 starts
at sector 0. But according to the info from fdisk,
sdb2 starts at sector 3737268. According to the info
in the boot sector, sdb2 has 0 sectors.
Mounting failed: mount: /mnt/BootInfo/sdb1: /dev/sdb1 already mounted or mount point busy.
mount: /mnt/BootInfo/sdb2: /dev/sdb2 already mounted or mount point busy.
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 2,046 199,313,407 199,311,362 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 183,689,216 199,313,407 15,624,192 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda2 296,970,240 492,281,855 195,311,616 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 * 492,281,856 492,486,655 204,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda4 492,486,656 697,081,855 204,595,200 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdb: 7.5 GiB, 8004304896 bytes, 15633408 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 0 3,815,135 3,815,136 0 Empty
/dev/sdb2 3,737,268 3,741,939 4,672 ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
/dev/sdb1 overlaps with /dev/sdb2
GUID Partition Table detected, but does not seem to be used.
Partition Attrs Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System
/dev/sdb1 + R 0 3,815,079 3,815,080 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sdb2 + R 3,737,268 3,741,939 4,672 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
Attributes: R=Required, N=No Block IO, B=Legacy BIOS Bootable, +=More bits set
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/loop1 squashfs
/dev/loop2 squashfs
/dev/loop3 squashfs
/dev/loop4 squashfs
/dev/loop5 squashfs
/dev/loop6 squashfs
/dev/loop7 squashfs
/dev/sda2 ac3b70ee-5ea2-4bff-925e-2bfdd2574a58 ext4
/dev/sda3 0A146176146165A3 ntfs System Reserved
/dev/sda4 020C70DE0C70CDE3 ntfs
/dev/sda5 3a8dabde-ff2c-46d4-8521-2ecb9e2e06e3 swap
/dev/sdb1 2018-07-25-03-21-56-00 iso9660 Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS amd64
/dev/sdb2 0D5F-1DB6 vfat
========================= "ls -l /dev/disk/by-id" output: ======================
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 14 14:08 ata-ST500LM021-1KJ152_W624KNNP -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 ata-ST500LM021-1KJ152_W624KNNP-part1 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 ata-ST500LM021-1KJ152_W624KNNP-part2 -> ../../sda2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 ata-ST500LM021-1KJ152_W624KNNP-part3 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 ata-ST500LM021-1KJ152_W624KNNP-part4 -> ../../sda4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 ata-ST500LM021-1KJ152_W624KNNP-part5 -> ../../sda5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 14 14:07 usb-SanDisk_Cruzer_Switch_4C532000060807117464-0:0 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:07 usb-SanDisk_Cruzer_Switch_4C532000060807117464-0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:07 usb-SanDisk_Cruzer_Switch_4C532000060807117464-0:0-part2 -> ../../sdb2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 14 14:08 wwn-0x5000c50082dcbba1 -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 wwn-0x5000c50082dcbba1-part1 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 wwn-0x5000c50082dcbba1-part2 -> ../../sda2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 wwn-0x5000c50082dcbba1-part3 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 wwn-0x5000c50082dcbba1-part4 -> ../../sda4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 14 14:08 wwn-0x5000c50082dcbba1-part5 -> ../../sda5
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime)
/dev/sdb /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048)
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ========================
Unknown MBR on /dev/sdb
00000000 45 52 08 00 00 00 90 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ER..............|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000020 33 ed fa 8e d5 bc 00 7c fb fc 66 31 db 66 31 c9 |3......|..f1.f1.|
00000030 66 53 66 51 06 57 8e dd 8e c5 52 be 00 7c bf 00 |fSfQ.W....R..|..|
00000040 06 b9 00 01 f3 a5 ea 4b 06 00 00 52 b4 41 bb aa |.......K...R.A..|
00000050 55 31 c9 30 f6 f9 cd 13 72 16 81 fb 55 aa 75 10 |U1.0....r...U.u.|
00000060 83 e1 01 74 0b 66 c7 06 f3 06 b4 42 eb 15 eb 02 |...t.f.....B....|
00000070 31 c9 5a 51 b4 08 cd 13 5b 0f b6 c6 40 50 83 e1 |1.ZQ....[...@P..|
00000080 3f 51 f7 e1 53 52 50 bb 00 7c b9 04 00 66 a1 b0 |?Q..SRP..|...f..|
00000090 07 e8 44 00 0f 82 80 00 66 40 80 c7 02 e2 f2 66 |[email protected]|
000000a0 81 3e 40 7c fb c0 78 70 75 09 fa bc ec 7b ea 44 |.>@|..xpu....{.D|
000000b0 7c 00 00 e8 83 00 69 73 6f 6c 69 6e 75 78 2e 62 ||.....isolinux.b|
000000c0 69 6e 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 63 6f |in missing or co|
000000d0 72 72 75 70 74 2e 0d 0a 66 60 66 31 d2 66 03 06 |rrupt...f`f1.f..|
000000e0 f8 7b 66 13 16 fc 7b 66 52 66 50 06 53 6a 01 6a |.{f...{fRfP.Sj.j|
000000f0 10 89 e6 66 f7 36 e8 7b c0 e4 06 88 e1 88 c5 92 |...f.6.{........|
00000100 f6 36 ee 7b 88 c6 08 e1 41 b8 01 02 8a 16 f2 7b |.6.{....A......{|
00000110 cd 13 8d 64 10 66 61 c3 e8 1e 00 4f 70 65 72 61 |...d.fa....Opera|
00000120 74 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6c 6f 61 64 |ting system load|
00000130 20 65 72 72 6f 72 2e 0d 0a 5e ac b4 0e 8a 3e 62 | error...^....>b|
00000140 04 b3 07 cd 10 3c 0a 75 f1 cd 18 f4 eb fd 00 00 |.....f....|
000001c0 01 00 00 74 e0 fa 00 00 00 00 e0 36 3a 00 00 fe |...t.......6:...|
000001d0 ff ff ef fe ff ff b4 06 39 00 40 12 00 00 00 00 |........9.@.....|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
/dev/sdb1: unknown GPT attributes
1000000000000001
/dev/sdb2: unknown GPT attributes
1000000000000001
Unknown BootLoader on sdb1
00000000 45 52 08 00 00 00 90 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ER..............|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000020 33 ed fa 8e d5 bc 00 7c fb fc 66 31 db 66 31 c9 |3......|..f1.f1.|
00000030 66 53 66 51 06 57 8e dd 8e c5 52 be 00 7c bf 00 |fSfQ.W....R..|..|
00000040 06 b9 00 01 f3 a5 ea 4b 06 00 00 52 b4 41 bb aa |.......K...R.A..|
00000050 55 31 c9 30 f6 f9 cd 13 72 16 81 fb 55 aa 75 10 |U1.0....r...U.u.|
00000060 83 e1 01 74 0b 66 c7 06 f3 06 b4 42 eb 15 eb 02 |...t.f.....B....|
00000070 31 c9 5a 51 b4 08 cd 13 5b 0f b6 c6 40 50 83 e1 |1.ZQ....[...@P..|
00000080 3f 51 f7 e1 53 52 50 bb 00 7c b9 04 00 66 a1 b0 |?Q..SRP..|...f..|
00000090 07 e8 44 00 0f 82 80 00 66 40 80 c7 02 e2 f2 66 |[email protected]|
000000a0 81 3e 40 7c fb c0 78 70 75 09 fa bc ec 7b ea 44 |.>@|..xpu....{.D|
000000b0 7c 00 00 e8 83 00 69 73 6f 6c 69 6e 75 78 2e 62 ||.....isolinux.b|
000000c0 69 6e 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 63 6f |in missing or co|
000000d0 72 72 75 70 74 2e 0d 0a 66 60 66 31 d2 66 03 06 |rrupt...f`f1.f..|
000000e0 f8 7b 66 13 16 fc 7b 66 52 66 50 06 53 6a 01 6a |.{f...{fRfP.Sj.j|
000000f0 10 89 e6 66 f7 36 e8 7b c0 e4 06 88 e1 88 c5 92 |...f.6.{........|
00000100 f6 36 ee 7b 88 c6 08 e1 41 b8 01 02 8a 16 f2 7b |.6.{....A......{|
00000110 cd 13 8d 64 10 66 61 c3 e8 1e 00 4f 70 65 72 61 |...d.fa....Opera|
00000120 74 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6c 6f 61 64 |ting system load|
00000130 20 65 72 72 6f 72 2e 0d 0a 5e ac b4 0e 8a 3e 62 | error...^....>b|
00000140 04 b3 07 cd 10 3c 0a 75 f1 cd 18 f4 eb fd 00 00 |.....f....|
000001c0 01 00 00 74 e0 fa 00 00 00 00 e0 36 3a 00 00 fe |...t.......6:...|
000001d0 ff ff ef fe ff ff b4 06 39 00 40 12 00 00 00 00 |........9.@.....|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
File descriptor 10 (/proc/7892/mountinfo) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 15283: bash
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[89099]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 15283: bash
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION :
=================== log of boot-repair 20181214_1407 ===================
boot-repair version : 4ppa65
boot-sav version : 4ppa65
boot-sav-extra version : 4ppa65
glade2script version : 3.2.3~ppa4
grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sdb1. Check your device.map.
Warning: The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 2048 bytes, but Linux says it is 512 bytes.
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
boot-repair is executed in live-session (Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS, bionic, Ubuntu, x86_64)
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash --- maybe-ubiquity
ls: cannot access '/home/usr/.config': No such file or directory
=================== os-prober:
/dev/sda3:Windows 7:Windows:chain
=================== blkid:
/dev/sda2: UUID="ac3b70ee-5ea2-4bff-925e-2bfdd2574a58" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="26508a31-02"
/dev/sda3: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="0A146176146165A3" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="26508a31-03"
/dev/sda4: UUID="020C70DE0C70CDE3" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="26508a31-04"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop3: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop4: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop5: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop6: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop7: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="3a8dabde-ff2c-46d4-8521-2ecb9e2e06e3" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="26508a31-05"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="2018-07-25-03-21-56-00" LABEL="Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS amd64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="663eb4c4" PTTYPE="dos" PARTUUID="663eb4c4-01"
/dev/sdb2: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="0D5F-1DB6" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="663eb4c4-02"
1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 0 Linux, 0 MacOS, 1 Windows, 0 unknown type OS.
Windows not detected by os-prober on sda4.
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
=================== UEFI/Legacy mode:
This live-session is not in EFI-mode.
EFI in dmesg.
[ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 0x00000000D9F0D720 000042 (v01 00000000 00000000)
SecureBoot maybe enabled.
=================== PARTITIONS & DISKS:
sda2 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, notbiosboot, /mnt/boot-sav/sda2.
sda3 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, notbiosboot, /mnt/boot-sav/sda3.
sda4 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, notbiosboot, /mnt/boot-sav/sda4.
sda : not-GPT, BIOSboot-not-needed, has-no-EFIpart, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, 2046 sectors * 512 bytes
=================== parted -lm:
BYT;
/dev/sda:500GB:scsi:512:4096:msdos:ATA ST500LM021-1KJ15:;
1:1048kB:102GB:102GB:::;
5:94.0GB:102GB:8000MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
2:152GB:252GB:100GB:ext4::;
3:252GB:252GB:105MB:ntfs::boot;
4:252GB:357GB:105GB:ntfs::;
BYT;
/dev/sdb:8004MB:scsi:512:512:unknown:SanDisk Cruzer Switch:;
=================== lsblk:
KNAME TYPE FSTYPE SIZE LABEL
loop0 loop squashfs 1.8G
loop1 loop squashfs 86.9M
loop2 loop squashfs 34.7M
loop3 loop squashfs 140.9M
loop4 loop squashfs 2.3M
loop5 loop squashfs 13M
loop6 loop squashfs 14.5M
loop7 loop squashfs 3.7M
sda disk 465.8G
sda1 part 1K
sda2 part ext4 93.1G
sda3 part ntfs 100M System Reserved
sda4 part ntfs 97.6G
sda5 part swap 7.5G
sdb disk iso9660 7.5G Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS amd64
sdb1 part iso9660 1.8G Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS amd64
sdb2 part vfat 2.3M Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS amd64
KNAME ROTA RO RM STATE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 1 1 0 /rofs
loop1 1 1 0 /snap/core/4917
loop2 1 1 0 /snap/gtk-common-themes/319
loop3 1 1 0 /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/70
loop4 1 1 0 /snap/gnome-calculator/180
loop5 1 1 0 /snap/gnome-characters/103
loop6 1 1 0 /snap/gnome-logs/37
loop7 1 1 0 /snap/gnome-system-monitor/51
sda 1 0 0 running
sda1 1 0 0
sda2 1 0 0 /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
sda3 1 0 0 /mnt/boot-sav/sda3
sda4 1 0 0 /mnt/boot-sav/sda4
sda5 1 0 0 [SWAP]
sdb 1 0 1 running /cdrom
sdb1 1 0 1
sdb2 1 0 1
=================== mount:
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=1948892k,nr_inodes=487223,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=394016k,mode=755)
/dev/sdb on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048)
/dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime)
/cow on / type overlay (rw,relatime,lowerdir=//filesystem.squashfs,upperdir=/cow/upper,workdir=/cow/work)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=25,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=15764)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
tracefs on /sys/kernel/debug/tracing type tracefs (rw,relatime)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/999 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=394012k,mode=700,uid=999,gid=999)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/999/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=999,group_id=999)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_4917.snap on /snap/core/4917 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gtk-common-themes_319.snap on /snap/gtk-common-themes/319 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-3-26-1604_70.snap on /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/70 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-calculator_180.snap on /snap/gnome-calculator/180 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-characters_103.snap on /snap/gnome-characters/103 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-logs_37.snap on /snap/gnome-logs/37 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-system-monitor_51.snap on /snap/gnome-system-monitor/51 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/dev/sda2 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda2 type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
/dev/sda3 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 type fuseblk (rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096)
/dev/sda4 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda4 type fuseblk (rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096)
=================== ls:
/sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range hidden holders inflight integrity power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/sys/block/sdb (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range hidden holders inflight integrity power queue range removable ro sdb1 sdb2 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/dev (filtered): autofs block bsg btrfs-control bus char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency cuse disk dri drm_dp_aux0 drm_dp_aux1 ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse hidraw0 hpet hugepages hwrng i2c-0 i2c-1 i2c-2 i2c-3 i2c-4 i2c-5 i2c-6 i2c-7 initctl input kmsg kvm lightnvm log mapper mcelog media0 mei0 mem memory_bandwidth mqueue net network_latency network_throughput null port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sdb sdb1 sdb2 sg0 sg1 shm snapshot snd stderr stdin stdout uhid uinput urandom userio v4l vfio vga_arbiter vhci vhost-net vhost-vsock video0 wmi zero
ls /dev/mapper: control
=================== df -Th:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 385M 1.7M 384M 1% /run
/dev/sdb iso9660 1.9G 1.9G 0 100% /cdrom
/dev/loop0 squashfs 1.8G 1.8G 0 100% /rofs
/cow overlay 1.9G 462M 1.5G 24% /
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 30M 1.9G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 8.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 520K 1.9G 1% /tmp
tmpfs tmpfs 385M 48K 385M 1% /run/user/999
/dev/loop1 squashfs 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/core/4917
/dev/loop2 squashfs 35M 35M 0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/319
/dev/loop3 squashfs 141M 141M 0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/70
/dev/loop4 squashfs 2.4M 2.4M 0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/180
/dev/loop5 squashfs 13M 13M 0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/103
/dev/loop6 squashfs 15M 15M 0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/37
/dev/loop7 squashfs 3.8M 3.8M 0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/51
/dev/sda2 ext4 92G 28G 60G 32% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
/dev/sda3 fuseblk 100M 25M 76M 25% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3
/dev/sda4 fuseblk 98G 25G 73G 26% /mnt/boot-sav/sda4
=================== fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/loop0: 1.8 GiB, 1864450048 bytes, 3641504 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 86.9 MiB, 91099136 bytes, 177928 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop2: 34.7 MiB, 36323328 bytes, 70944 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop3: 140.9 MiB, 147722240 bytes, 288520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop4: 2.3 MiB, 2433024 bytes, 4752 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop5: 13 MiB, 13619200 bytes, 26600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop6: 14.5 MiB, 15196160 bytes, 29680 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop7: 3.7 MiB, 3887104 bytes, 7592 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x26508a31
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2046 199313407 199311362 95G 5 Extended
/dev/sda2 296970240 492281855 195311616 93.1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 * 492281856 492486655 204800 100M 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda4 492486656 697081855 204595200 97.6G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda5 183689216 199313407 15624192 7.5G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Disk /dev/sdb: 7.5 GiB, 8004304896 bytes, 15633408 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x663eb4c4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 0 3815135 3815136 1.8G 0 Empty
/dev/sdb2 3737268 3741939 4672 2.3M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
=================== Recommended repair
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility will restore the [(generic mbr)] MBR in sda, and make it boot on sda3.
Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s fix-windows-boot
Quantity of real Windows: 1
Will restore the MBR_TO_RESTORE : sda (generic mbr) into sda
dd if=/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
Boot successfully repaired.
You can now reboot your computer.答案1
首先尝试按 f9[某些设备可能有不同的键] 打开启动选项菜单，然后从那里选择 ubuntu。一旦您的 ubuntu 成功启动。打开终端并检查 grub 是否已安装
sudo apt-get install grub
最后
sudo update-grub
此命令识别除 ubuntu 之外是否有其他操作系统，并将该操作系统添加到 grub 列表中