我最近在一台 Windows 10 计算机上安装了 Ubuntu 来实现双启动，但是由于我在安装过程中最初遇到了一些问题，导致分区变得有些混乱。
无论如何，现在 Ubuntu 可以正常启动，但我没有得到 grub 屏幕来选择使用哪个操作系统（换句话说，我被锁定在 Windows 之外）。
在一些教程中搜索后，我尝试写入sudo update-grub，但出现以下错误：
error: invalid volume.
grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sdb1. Check your device.map.
没有任何内容涉及 Windows。
此外，sdb1 是我的硬盘（没有操作系统），而 windows 安装在 sda2 上（见下文）
另一方面，我仍然可以看到 上sudo fdisk -l或 下的Windows 分区Other Locations > SSD。
有什么建议么？
更新：
这是我的分区：
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 577MB 576MB primary ntfs
2 577MB 167GB 166GB primary ntfs
3 167GB 168GB 1024MB primary fat32 boot, esp
4 168GB 254GB 86,0GB extended
5 168GB 174GB 5999MB logical linux-swap(v1)
6 174GB 254GB 80,0GB logical ext4
我也尝试添加
menuentry "Windows 10 (loader)"{
insmod part_gpt
search --set=root --file /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi --fs-uuid DA02-12A2
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}
看这里，但我Error: invalid EFI file path在启动时得到了（/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi实际上并不存在）。
更新2：
sudo fdisk-l：
Disk /dev/loop0: 93,94 MiB, 98484224 bytes, 192352 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 9,7 MiB, 9510912 bytes, 18576 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop2: 54,97 MiB, 57614336 bytes, 112528 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop3: 242,43 MiB, 254193664 bytes, 496472 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop4: 54,97 MiB, 57618432 bytes, 112536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop5: 240,82 MiB, 252493824 bytes, 493152 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop6: 160,16 MiB, 167931904 bytes, 327992 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop7: 49,8 MiB, 52203520 bytes, 101960 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 238,49 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Disk model: ADATA SU800
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0a7e098f
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1126399 1124352 549M 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 1126400 326035455 324909056 155G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3 * 326035456 328036351 2000896 977M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
/dev/sda4 328038398 496005119 167966722 80,1G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 328038400 339755007 11716608 5,6G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 339757056 496005119 156248064 74,5G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 931,53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD10EZEX-60W
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x9dba35c9
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 63 1953523119 1953523057 931,5G 42 SFS
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Disk /dev/loop8: 62,9 MiB, 65105920 bytes, 127160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop9: 27,9 MiB, 28405760 bytes, 55480 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
答案1
修复无法看到 grub 菜单的问题
最新版本的 GRUB 隐藏了超时时间。您可以在启动时按住left-shift以显示该消息，或者编辑/boot/grub/grub.conf并删除hiddenmeu并将默认值设置为 10 秒左右timeout=10
对于 grub2，编辑该/etc/default/grub文件并做以下更改：
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
注意：#符号将注释掉GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT并启用菜单
完成更改后，运行sudo update-grub以应用更改。
在我看来，这就是它的样子/etc/default/grub：
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT="0"
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE="hidden"
GRUB_TIMEOUT="5"
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL="console"
# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE="640x480"
# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID="true"
# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT="false"
export GRUB_COLOR_NORMAL="light-gray/black"
export GRUB_COLOR_HIGHLIGHT="magenta/black"
您还可以尝试使用 GUI 编辑这些值“grub 定制器”可以从 Ubuntu 软件中心下载的软件。
修复在 grub 菜单中看不到 Windows 启动管理器的问题。
另外，你似乎已经在UEFI模式和 Windows传统 BIOS。您有 2 个选择。将 Windows 更改为UEFI或者将 Ubuntu 更改为传统 BIOS。建议将 Windows 更改为UEFI因为UEFI比更好、更先进传统 BIOS。
1）将Windows更改为UEFI： 您可以通过重新安装 Windows 来实现这一点，或者您可以尝试执行这里。无论您做什么，请让用户知道您有一个备份，以防万一。
2）将 Ubuntu 更改为传统 BIOS： 你可以通过重新安装 Ubuntu 来实现这一点，但请确保你没有选择UEFI选项。（UEFI选项将有“UEFI：“在安装介质名称之前。请注意UEFI选择权和传统 BIOS选项可能有所不同。欲了解更多信息，请阅读评论中的聊天内容。