昨天，我开始在 PC 上安装 ubuntu 时遇到问题。我认为这可能是由软件包升级引起的，因为我早上能够正确启动，但在安装升级后却无法启动。白天，我注意到某些应用程序无法正常启动，例如 Zoom、Microsoft Teams 或 sftp 客户端 - 所有这些都只显示伪像而不是应用程序窗口。其他应用程序（如文件资源管理器、phpstorm 或 chrome）运行正常。
在尝试启动其他应用程序失败后，我决定重启电脑，但不幸的是电脑根本无法启动。屏幕上显示的只是一个白屏，上面有数百个彩色像素。显然是 GPU 的问题。经过一番谷歌搜索，我发现在 grub 中设置 nomodeset 选项可能会有帮助，是的 - 我能够进入 Ubuntu，但是我设置了双显示器，而且它只处于镜像屏幕模式。进入显示选项卡时没有显示任何要配置的显示器。同样，显然是 GPU 的问题...
由于至少可以打开 PC，我可以看到日志，并提供解决此问题所需的任何信息。dmesg 日志：
[ 3.995615] kernel: [drm] radeon: dpm initialized
[ 3.997327] kernel: [drm] Found VCE firmware/feedback version 50.0.1 / 17!
[ 3.997334] kernel: [drm] GART: num cpu pages 524288, num gpu pages 524288
[ 4.000415] kernel: [drm] PCIE gen 3 link speeds already enabled
[ 4.003698] kernel: snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC2D0: autoconfig for ALC892: line_outs=1 (0x14/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0) type:line
[ 4.003700] kernel: snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC2D0: speaker_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 4.003702] kernel: snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC2D0: hp_outs=1 (0x1b/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 4.003703] kernel: snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC2D0: mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 4.003703] kernel: snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC2D0: inputs:
[ 4.003705] kernel: snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC2D0: Front Mic=0x19
[ 4.003706] kernel: snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC2D0: Rear Mic=0x18
[ 4.003708] kernel: snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC2D0: Line=0x1a
[ 4.012616] kernel: [drm] PCIE GART of 2048M enabled (table at 0x00000000001D6000).
[ 4.012747] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: WB enabled
[ 4.012751] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fence driver on ring 0 use gpu addr 0x0000000080000c00 and cpu addr 0x0000000003e4bba6
[ 4.012752] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fence driver on ring 1 use gpu addr 0x0000000080000c04 and cpu addr 0x00000000415143fc
[ 4.012753] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fence driver on ring 2 use gpu addr 0x0000000080000c08 and cpu addr 0x0000000054898365
[ 4.012754] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fence driver on ring 3 use gpu addr 0x0000000080000c0c and cpu addr 0x000000004e0b33a6
[ 4.012755] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fence driver on ring 4 use gpu addr 0x0000000080000c10 and cpu addr 0x0000000003005df2
[ 4.013069] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fence driver on ring 5 use gpu addr 0x0000000000075a18 and cpu addr 0x0000000060b61091
[ 4.015752] kernel: input: HD-Audio Generic Front Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:0b:00.3/sound/card2/input33
[ 4.015795] kernel: input: HD-Audio Generic Rear Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:0b:00.3/sound/card2/input34
[ 4.015822] kernel: input: HD-Audio Generic Line as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:0b:00.3/sound/card2/input35
[ 4.015852] kernel: input: HD-Audio Generic Line Out as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:0b:00.3/sound/card2/input36
[ 4.015883] kernel: input: HD-Audio Generic Front Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:0b:00.3/sound/card2/input37
[ 4.033075] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fence driver on ring 6 use gpu addr 0x0000000080000c18 and cpu addr 0x00000000b1a637a0
[ 4.033076] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fence driver on ring 7 use gpu addr 0x0000000080000c1c and cpu addr 0x00000000f52d5851
[ 4.033084] kernel: [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
[ 4.033085] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: radeon: MSI limited to 32-bit
[ 4.033112] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: radeon: using MSI.
[ 4.033135] kernel: [drm] radeon: irq initialized.
[ 4.195801] kernel: usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
[ 4.256841] kernel: [drm] ring test on 0 succeeded in 2 usecs
[ 4.256846] kernel: [drm] ring test on 1 succeeded in 1 usecs
[ 4.256851] kernel: [drm] ring test on 2 succeeded in 1 usecs
[ 4.256861] kernel: [drm] ring test on 3 succeeded in 4 usecs
[ 4.256869] kernel: [drm] ring test on 4 succeeded in 4 usecs
[ 4.432693] kernel: [drm] ring test on 5 succeeded in 2 usecs
[ 4.432700] kernel: [drm] UVD initialized successfully.
[ 4.542014] kernel: [drm] ring test on 6 succeeded in 20 usecs
[ 4.542028] kernel: [drm] ring test on 7 succeeded in 3 usecs
[ 4.542029] kernel: [drm] VCE initialized successfully.
[ 4.542296] kernel: [drm] ib test on ring 0 succeeded in 0 usecs
[ 4.542340] kernel: [drm] ib test on ring 1 succeeded in 0 usecs
[ 4.542382] kernel: [drm] ib test on ring 2 succeeded in 0 usecs
[ 4.542423] kernel: [drm] ib test on ring 3 succeeded in 0 usecs
[ 4.542464] kernel: [drm] ib test on ring 4 succeeded in 0 usecs
[ 4.549191] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 4.549249] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 4.552558] kernel: cfg80211: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database
[ 4.552837] kernel: cfg80211: Loaded X.509 cert 'sforshee: 00b28ddf47aef9cea7'
[ 4.554587] kernel: lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
[ 4.554588] kernel: lib80211_crypt: registered algorithm 'NULL'
[ 4.559765] kernel: r8188eu: module is from the staging directory, the quality is unknown, you have been warned.
[ 5.076721] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.076774] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.180661] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.180708] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.220021] kernel: [drm] ib test on ring 5 succeeded
[ 5.276775] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.276867] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.396683] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.396736] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.444015] kernel: Generic FE-GE Realtek PHY r8169-500:00: attached PHY driver [Generic FE-GE Realtek PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=r8169-500:00, irq=IGNORE)
[ 5.484633] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.484680] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.484895] kernel: kauditd_printk_skb: 34 callbacks suppressed
[ 5.484897] kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1612599094.406:45): apparmor="DENIED" operation="capable" profile="/usr/sbin/cups-browsed" pid=817 comm="cups-browsed" capability=23 capname="sys_nice"
[ 5.486095] kernel: aufs 5.x-rcN-20200622
[ 5.588697] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.588746] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.636074] kernel: r8169 0000:05:00.0 enp5s0: Link is Down
[ 5.672657] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.672706] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.732041] kernel: [drm] ib test on ring 6 succeeded
[ 5.752764] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.752811] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.828828] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.828880] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.896801] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.896850] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 5.964642] kernel: EDAC amd64: F17h detected (node 0).
[ 5.964686] kernel: EDAC amd64: Node 0: DRAM ECC disabled.
[ 6.244073] kernel: [drm] ib test on ring 7 succeeded
[ 6.245046] kernel: [drm] Radeon Display Connectors
[ 6.245047] kernel: [drm] Connector 0:
[ 6.245048] kernel: [drm] DP-1
[ 6.245048] kernel: [drm] HPD4
[ 6.245050] kernel: [drm] DDC: 0x6530 0x6530 0x6534 0x6534 0x6538 0x6538 0x653c 0x653c
[ 6.245050] kernel: [drm] Encoders:
[ 6.245050] kernel: [drm] DFP1: INTERNAL_UNIPHY2
[ 6.245051] kernel: [drm] Connector 1:
[ 6.245051] kernel: [drm] HDMI-A-1
[ 6.245052] kernel: [drm] HPD5
[ 6.245053] kernel: [drm] DDC: 0x6540 0x6540 0x6544 0x6544 0x6548 0x6548 0x654c 0x654c
[ 6.245053] kernel: [drm] Encoders:
[ 6.245054] kernel: [drm] DFP2: INTERNAL_UNIPHY2
[ 6.245054] kernel: [drm] Connector 2:
[ 6.245054] kernel: [drm] DVI-I-1
[ 6.245055] kernel: [drm] HPD6
[ 6.245056] kernel: [drm] DDC: 0x6580 0x6580 0x6584 0x6584 0x6588 0x6588 0x658c 0x658c
[ 6.245056] kernel: [drm] Encoders:
[ 6.245056] kernel: [drm] DFP3: INTERNAL_UNIPHY
[ 6.245057] kernel: [drm] CRT1: INTERNAL_KLDSCP_DAC1
[ 6.245057] kernel: [drm] Connector 3:
[ 6.245058] kernel: [drm] DVI-D-1
[ 6.245058] kernel: [drm] HPD1
[ 6.245059] kernel: [drm] DDC: 0x6570 0x6570 0x6574 0x6574 0x6578 0x6578 0x657c 0x657c
[ 6.245059] kernel: [drm] Encoders:
[ 6.245060] kernel: [drm] DFP4: INTERNAL_UNIPHY1
[ 6.337904] kernel: snd_hda_codec_hdmi hdaudioC0D0: HDMI ATI/AMD: no speaker allocation for ELD
[ 6.337960] kernel: snd_hda_codec_hdmi hdaudioC0D0: HDMI ATI/AMD: no speaker allocation for ELD
[ 6.400743] kernel: snd_hda_codec_hdmi hdaudioC0D0: HDMI ATI/AMD: no speaker allocation for ELD
[ 6.402905] kernel: [drm] fb mappable at 0xE05E1000
[ 6.402905] kernel: [drm] vram apper at 0xE0000000
[ 6.402906] kernel: [drm] size 8294400
[ 6.402906] kernel: [drm] fb depth is 24
[ 6.402906] kernel: [drm] pitch is 7680
[ 6.402972] kernel: fbcon: radeondrmfb (fb0) is primary device
[ 6.403037] kernel: Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 240x67
[ 6.403059] kernel: radeon 0000:09:00.0: fb0: radeondrmfb frame buffer device
[ 6.424032] kernel: [drm] Initialized radeon 2.50.0 20080528 for 0000:09:00.0 on minor 0
[ 6.426824] kernel: AMD-Vi: AMD IOMMUv2 driver by Joerg Roedel <[email protected]>
[ 6.426825] kernel: AMD-Vi: AMD IOMMUv2 functionality not available on this system
[ 6.466768] kernel: [drm] amdgpu kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 6.466858] kernel: amdgpu: Ignoring ACPI CRAT on non-APU system
[ 6.466861] kernel: Virtual CRAT table created for CPU
[ 6.466870] kernel: amdgpu: Topology: Add CPU node
[ 7.585404] kernel: MAC Address = d0:37:45:0d:4c:9b
[ 7.807225] kernel: usb 3-2: reset high-speed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 8.827042] kernel: rfkill: input handler disabled
[ 9.812368] kernel: [drm:si_ib_parse [radeon]] *ERROR* Invalid GFX packet3: 0x50
[ 9.812371] kernel: 0xc0012800
[ 9.812372] kernel: 0x80000000
[ 9.812372] kernel: 0x80000000
[ 9.812396] kernel: 0x00808ac0
[ 9.812396] kernel: 0x00000000
[ 9.812396] kernel: 0x00200020
[ 9.812397] kernel: 0xc0017600 <---
[ 9.812397] kernel: 0x00000054
[ 9.812397] kernel: 0x00808ac0
[ 9.812398] kernel: 0xc0047600
lshw -C display
*-display UNCLAIMED description: VGA compatible controller
product: Curacao PRO [Radeon R7 370 / R9 270/370 OEM]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:09:00.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:fce00000-fce3ffff ioport:e000(size=256) memory:c0000-dffff
lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
uname -a
Linux kamil-desktop 5.8.0-41-generic #46~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 18 17:52:23 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
这是硬件问题吗？我的 GPU 是不是突然死机了？还是可以通过软件/配置更改来解决？这显然是 GPU 问题，但基于使用 nomodeset 选项可以启动，并且使用该卡实际使用显示器的事实，我希望它没有死机……
我现在几乎 100% 确定这是由周五早上的软件包升级引起的。以下是 apt 日志，您可以看到大量与 libgl 和图形相关的升级：
Start-Date: 2021-02-05 09:14:18
Commandline: aptdaemon role='role-commit-packages' sender=':1.116'
Upgrade: language-pack-gnome-en:amd64 (1:20.04+20200709, 1:20.04+20210121), update-manager-core:amd64 (1:20.04.10.1, 1:20.04.10.5), libegl-mesa0:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), libfprint-2-2:amd64 (1:1.90.2+tod1-0ubuntu1~20.04.2, 1:1.90.2+tod1-0ubuntu1~20.04.4), libglapi-mesa:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), libglapi-mesa:i386 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), update-manager:amd64 (1:20.04.10.1, 1:20.04.10.5), google-chrome-stable:amd64 (88.0.4324.96-1, 88.0.4324.150-1), docker-ce-rootless-extras:amd64 (5:20.10.2~3-0~ubuntu-focal, 5:20.10.3~3-0~ubuntu-focal), python-apt-common:amd64 (2.0.0ubuntu0.20.04.3, 2.0.0ubuntu0.20.04.4), libxatracker2:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), libegl1-mesa:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), language-pack-en:amd64 (1:20.04+20200709, 1:20.04+20210121), libgbm1:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), ubuntu-drivers-common:amd64 (1:0.8.4~0.20.04.3, 1:0.8.6.5~0.20.04.1), python3-update-manager:amd64 (1:20.04.10.1, 1:20.04.10.5), language-pack-gnome-en-base:amd64 (1:20.04+20200709, 1:20.04+20210121), libglib2.0-bin:amd64 (2.64.3-1~ubuntu20.04.1, 2.64.6-1~ubuntu20.04.1), libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), libglib2.0-data:amd64 (2.64.3-1~ubuntu20.04.1, 2.64.6-1~ubuntu20.04.1), language-pack-en-base:amd64 (1:20.04+20200709, 1:20.04+20210121), libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), mesa-vdpau-drivers:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), linux-firmware:amd64 (1.187.8, 1.187.9), mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.64.3-1~ubuntu20.04.1, 2.64.6-1~ubuntu20.04.1), docker-ce:amd64 (5:20.10.2~3-0~ubuntu-focal, 5:20.10.3~3-0~ubuntu-focal), python3-apt:amd64 (2.0.0ubuntu0.20.04.3, 2.0.0ubuntu0.20.04.4), mesa-va-drivers:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), base-files:amd64 (11ubuntu5.2, 11ubuntu5.3), docker-ce-cli:amd64 (5:20.10.2~3-0~ubuntu-focal, 5:20.10.3~3-0~ubuntu-focal), libglx-mesa0:amd64 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f), libglx-mesa0:i386 (21.1~git2101280600.0f1a8f~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f)
End-Date: 2021-02-05 09:15:32
我今天按照互联网上某处的建议进行了全面升级，而且我再次看到很多 libgl 升级，但这没有帮助......
Start-Date: 2021-02-06 09:15:43
Commandline: apt full-upgrade
Requested-By: kamil (1000)
Upgrade: libegl-mesa0:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), update-notifier-common:amd64 (3.192.30.3, 3.192.30.5), libglapi-mesa:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libglapi-mesa:i386 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libxatracker2:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libegl1-mesa:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libgbm1:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), mesa-vdpau-drivers:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), update-notifier:amd64 (3.192.30.3, 3.192.30.5), mesa-va-drivers:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libglx-mesa0:amd64 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f), libglx-mesa0:i386 (21.1~git2102050600.465465~oibaf~f, 21.1~git2102060600.75c7e4~oibaf~f)
End-Date: 2021-02-06 09:15:47
答案1
如果有人感兴趣的话，那就是软件包。我能够通过降级周五早上升级的图形包来让 ubuntu 在没有 nomodeset 的情况下重新启动，并纠正双显示器设置。有点令人惊讶的是，它确实删除了我的 Steam for Linux 安装 - 但对此并不担心。
在我的案例中修复该问题的命令是：
sudo apt-get install libegl-mesa0:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libglapi-mesa:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libglapi-mesa:i386=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libxatracker2:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libegl1-mesa:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 ubuntu-drivers-common:amd64=1:0.8.1 libglib2.0-bin:amd64=2.64.6-1~ubuntu20.04.1 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 mesa-vdpau-drivers:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 mesa-va-drivers:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libglx-mesa0:amd64=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libglx-mesa0:i386=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libgbm1=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libgl1-mesa-dri=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386=20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1