在过去的几个月里，启动我的系统（Windows-Ubuntu 双启动）花费了太长时间（约 3 分钟）。我现在正在尝试修复它，但运气不佳。
症状
从打开电脑到出现 Grub 大约需要 1 分钟。从 Grub 到出现 Ubuntu 的登录屏幕大约需要 1.5 分钟。
我尝试过的方法
我已经运行了systemd-analyze time，输出：
Startup finished in 1min 22ms (firmware) + 3.807s (loader) + 1min 7.203s (kernel) + 1min 30.475s (userspace) = 3min 41.508s
graphical.target reached after 11.713s in userspace
我运行过，systemd-analyze plot结果显示这dev-fuse.device比其他任何事情都要花费更长的时间。红条一直延伸到屏幕右侧。
根据一些谷歌搜索，这让我相信我的/etc/fstab文件为我的交换使用了错误的 UUID，但我不认为情况如此。这是我的/etc/fstab：
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sdb6 during installation
UUID=0e0a0e10-243f-4be1-b285-f231826bf1bc / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sdb2 during installation
UUID=5EC7-7108 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# /home was on /dev/sdb7 during installation
UUID=8226e8a2-cb20-438f-9192-f8100a06c172 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/sdb5 during installation
UUID=b492987e-be36-43a5-97cc-39779d160353 none swap sw 0 0
这就是我得到的sudo blkid | grep swap：
/dev/sdb5: UUID="b492987e-be36-43a5-97cc-39779d160353" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="98261e45-3e1b-4ca5-828a-f413cfcbf251"
根据评论，似乎交换不是问题。以下是一些诊断输出。
caleb@pangea:~$ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 15Gi 4.6Gi 6.9Gi 327Mi 4.0Gi 10Gi
Swap: 18Gi 0B 18Gi
caleb@pangea:~$ sudo lshw -C memory
[sudo] password for caleb:
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
physical id: 0
version: P1.00
date: 04/25/2014
size: 64KiB
capacity: 16MiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: b
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 16GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: CT51264BD160B.M16F
vendor: Conexant (Rockwell)
physical id: 0
serial: E33A9D3C
slot: ChannelA-DIMM0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: F3-12800CL9-4GBXL
vendor: Fujitsu
physical id: 1
serial: 00000000
slot: ChannelA-DIMM1
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: CT51264BD160B.M16F
vendor: Conexant (Rockwell)
physical id: 2
serial: E33A9E22
slot: ChannelB-DIMM0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: F3-12800CL9-4GBXL
vendor: Fujitsu
physical id: 3
serial: 00000000
slot: ChannelB-DIMM1
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: d
slot: CPU Internal L1
size: 256KiB
capacity: 256KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back
configuration: level=1
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: e
slot: CPU Internal L2
size: 1MiB
capacity: 1MiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back unified
configuration: level=2
*-cache:2
description: L3 cache
physical id: f
slot: CPU Internal L3
size: 6MiB
capacity: 6MiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back unified
configuration: level=3
caleb@pangea:~$ sysctl vm.swappiness
vm.swappiness = 60
caleb@pangea:~$ ls -al /var/crash
total 8
drwxrwsrwt 2 root whoopsie 4096 Apr 24 15:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Jul 31 2020 ..
caleb@pangea:~$ ls -al /boot
total 134305
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 24 15:46 .
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Dec 31 00:21 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248245 Mar 25 16:35 config-5.8.0-49-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248245 Apr 12 12:47 config-5.8.0-50-generic
drwx------ 3 root root 1024 Dec 31 1969 efi
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Apr 17 06:12 grub
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Apr 16 11:46 initrd.img -> initrd.img-5.8.0-50-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52898024 Apr 22 11:48 initrd.img-5.8.0-49-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52897830 Apr 24 15:46 initrd.img-5.8.0-50-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Apr 16 11:46 initrd.img.old -> initrd.img-5.8.0-49-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182704 Aug 18 2020 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184380 Aug 18 2020 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184884 Aug 18 2020 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root 5531453 Mar 25 16:35 System.map-5.8.0-49-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 5531453 Apr 12 12:47 System.map-5.8.0-50-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Apr 16 11:46 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-5.8.0-50-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 9786496 Mar 25 18:13 vmlinuz-5.8.0-49-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 9785696 Apr 12 14:17 vmlinuz-5.8.0-50-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Apr 16 11:46 vmlinuz.old -> vmlinuz-5.8.0-49-generic
caleb@pangea:~$ snap list
Name Version Rev Tracking Publisher Notes
android-studio 4.1.3.0 101 latest/stable snapcrafters classic
bottom nightly 219 latest/stable kz6fittycent -
core18 20210309 1997 latest/stable canonical✓ base
core20 20210319 975 latest/stable canonical✓ base
discord 0.0.14 122 latest/stable snapcrafters -
gnome-3-28-1804 3.28.0-19-g98f9e67.98f9e67 145 latest/stable canonical✓ -
gnome-3-34-1804 0+git.3556cb3 66 latest/stable/… canonical✓ -
gtk-common-themes 0.1-52-gb92ac40 1515 latest/stable/… canonical✓ -
snap-store 3.38.0-59-g494f078 518 latest/stable/… canonical✓ -
snapd 2.49.2 11588 latest/stable canonical✓ snapd
spotify 1.1.55.498.gf9a83c60 46 latest/stable spotify✓ -
vlc 3.0.12.1 2103 latest/stable videolan✓ -
caleb@pangea:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 2.31 MiB, 2412544 bytes, 4712 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 925.54 MiB, 970485760 bytes, 1895480 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop2: 925.55 MiB, 970493952 bytes, 1895496 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop3: 2.31 MiB, 2412544 bytes, 4712 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop4: 55.48 MiB, 58159104 bytes, 113592 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop5: 55.46 MiB, 58142720 bytes, 113560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop6: 61.65 MiB, 64626688 bytes, 126224 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop7: 61.74 MiB, 64720896 bytes, 126408 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 931.53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD10EZEX-00E
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 7944FAED-B542-495B-A438-0D0B7C6B6F1B
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1953523711 1953521664 931.5G Microsoft basic data
Disk /dev/sdb: 465.78 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk model: Samsung SSD 850
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: CBFA4ACC-57CD-47C4-8D54-A64557D9E931
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 1023999 1021952 499M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sdb2 1024000 1228799 204800 100M EFI System
/dev/sdb3 1228800 1261567 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sdb4 1261568 490891263 489629696 233.5G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdb5 490891264 529952767 39061504 18.6G Linux swap
/dev/sdb6 529952768 647139327 117186560 55.9G Linux filesystem
/dev/sdb7 647139328 976771071 329631744 157.2G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/loop8: 76.73 MiB, 80437248 bytes, 157104 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop9: 75.7 MiB, 79360000 bytes, 155000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop10: 162.89 MiB, 170778624 bytes, 333552 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop11: 217.92 MiB, 228478976 bytes, 446248 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop12: 65.1 MiB, 68259840 bytes, 133320 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop13: 32.28 MiB, 33841152 bytes, 66096 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop14: 295.32 MiB, 309661696 bytes, 604808 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop15: 179.46 MiB, 188170240 bytes, 367520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop16: 32.28 MiB, 33841152 bytes, 66096 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop17: 49.8 MiB, 52203520 bytes, 101960 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop18: 290.45 MiB, 304545792 bytes, 594816 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop19: 51.4 MiB, 53522432 bytes, 104536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop20: 64.79 MiB, 67915776 bytes, 132648 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop21: 179.58 MiB, 188289024 bytes, 367752 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop22: 218.102 MiB, 229629952 bytes, 448496 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
下面是系统信息。我的系统有一个 HDD 和一个 SSD，但 Windows 和 Ubuntu 都安装在 SSD 上。我的主板是 ASRock H97M Pro4。
OS: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS x86_64
Kernel: 5.8.0-50-generic
Uptime: 2 hours, 5 mins
Packages: 2072 (dpkg), 13 (snap)
Shell: bash 5.0.17
Resolution: 1920x1080, 1920x1080
DE: GNOME
WM: Mutter
WM Theme: Canta-dark
Theme: Canta-dark [GTK2/3]
Icons: Canta [GTK2/3]
Terminal: gnome-terminal
CPU: Intel i5-4570 (4) @ 3.600GHz
GPU: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 760
Memory: 5155MiB / 15946MiB
硬盘驱动器的磁盘应用程序中的 SMART 数据和自我检测：
SSD 磁盘应用程序中的 SMART 数据和自检：
