我最近将我的 Ubuntu-mate 18.4 更新到了 20.4。几天后，当启动 Ubuntu 时，出现一个警告，提示应该安装“gvfs-backends”，但是，当按下“安装”时，出现一个警告，提示该软件可能会导致问题，并且它不是来自可靠的来源。我该怎么办？我包括请求的命令及其输出：
$ dpkg -l | grep -i gvfs
ii gvfs:amd64 1.44.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 userspace virtual filesystem - GIO module
ii gvfs-common 1.44.1-1ubuntu1 all userspace virtual filesystem - common data files
ii gvfs-daemons 1.44.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 userspace virtual filesystem - servers
ii gvfs-fuse 1.44.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 userspace virtual filesystem - fuse server
ii gvfs-libs:amd64 1.44.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 userspace virtual filesystem - private libraries
apt-cache policy gvfs-backends
gvfs-backends:
Instalados: (ninguno)
Candidato: 1.44.1-1ubuntu1
Tabla de versión:
1.44.1-1ubuntu1 500
500 http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
$ grep -r "^deb " /etc/apt/ --include="*.list"
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed restricted main universe multiverse
按照你的指示后，我重复了一遍：
$ grep -r "^deb " /etc/apt/ --include="*.list"
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main
执行以下命令：
sudo apt-get install gvfs-backend
答案（谷歌翻译成英文）是：
Reading package list ... Done
Creating dependency tree
Reading the status information ... Done.
Do not can instal some pack. This may mean that
you asked for an impossible situation or, if you are using the distribution
unstable, that some required packages have not yet been created or have been pulled from "Incoming".
The following information can help resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
gvfs-backends: Depends: libsmbclient (> = 2: 4.10.0 + dfsg) but it won't install
E: Problems could not be corrected, you have retained broken packages.
enrique@enrique-PC:~$ sudo aptitude install gvfs-backends
Se instalarán los siguiente paquetes NUEVOS:
gvfs-backends libcdio-cdda2{a} libcdio-paranoia2{a} libldb2{a}
libpython3.8{ab} libsmbclient{a} libtalloc2{a} libtevent0{a}
libwbclient0{a} python3-talloc{a} samba-libs{a}
0 paquetes actualizados, 11 nuevos instalados, 0 para eliminar y 3 sin actualizar.
Necesito descargar 7.763 kB de ficheros. Después de desempaquetar se usarán 33,8 MB.
No se satisfacen las dependencias de los siguientes paquetes:
libpython3.8 : Depende: libpython3.8-stdlib (= 3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04) pero 3.8.12-1+bionic1 está instalado
Las acciones siguientes resolverán estas dependencias
Mantener los paquetes siguientes en la versión actual:
1) gvfs-backends [Sin instalar]
2) libpython3.8 [Sin instalar]
3) libsmbclient [Sin instalar]
4) python3-talloc [Sin instalar]
5) samba-libs [Sin instalar]
¿Acepta esta solución? [Y/n/q/?]^C
```---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sep 26/2021
enrique@enrique-PC:~$ LC_ALL=C apt-cache policy libpython3.8-stdlib libpython3.8
libpython3.8-stdlib:
Installed: 3.8.12-1+bionic1
Candidate: 3.8.12-1+bionic1
Version table:
*** 3.8.12-1+bionic1 100
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 500
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages
3.8.2-1ubuntu1 500
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
libpython3.8:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04
Version table:
3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 500
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages
3.8.2-1ubuntu1 500
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
enrique@enrique-PC:~$
我遵循了你最后的指示。系统没有任何抱怨。它运行流畅，我必须说它对我来说就像黑魔法一样！祝贺你，并由衷感谢！
答案1
运行以下命令来修复你的来源列表：
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository multiverse
sudo add-apt-repository restricted
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # to get newest dependencies
然后修复你的 Python 版本，使默认的 Ubuntu 存储库与当前版本匹配。使用以下命令：
sudo aptitude install libpython3.8=3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 libpython3.8-minimal=3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 libpython3.8-stdlib=3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 python3-lib2to3=3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 python3.8=3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 python3.8-minimal=3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04
最后安装 GVFS 包
sudo apt-get install gvfs-backends