我的服务器 (21.04) 出了大问题。我无法安装任何 apt 包。无论我做什么，它都会永远停留在“update-initramfs：删除 /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic”上。有什么解决办法吗？
先感谢您！
tech@vs777:~$ sudo apt install timeshift
[sudo] password for tech:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
linux-modules-5.11.0-41-generic : Depends: linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic but it is not going to be installed or
linux-image-unsigned-5.11.0-41-generic but it is not going to be installed
timeshift : Depends: libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgee-0.8-2 (>= 0.8.3) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.16.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libjson-glib-1.0-0 (>= 1.5.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libvte-2.91-0 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
tech@vs777:~$ apt --fix-broken install
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), are you root?
tech@vs777:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
amd64-microcode intel-microcode iucode-tool
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
linux-image-unsigned-5.11.0-41-generic
Suggested packages:
fdutils linux-doc | linux-source-5.11.0 linux-tools linux-modules-extra-5.11.0-41-generic
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic linux-image-5.4.0-89-generic
The following NEW packages will be installed:
linux-image-unsigned-5.11.0-41-generic
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 2 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/11.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 11.5 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
dpkg: linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
linux-modules-5.11.0-41-generic depends on linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic | linux-image-unsigned-5.11.0-41-generic; however:
Package linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic is to be removed.
Package linux-image-unsigned-5.11.0-41-generic is not installed.
(Reading database ... 121324 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic (5.11.0-41.45) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic
编辑：添加了所需信息：
tech@vs777:~$ uname -r
5.4.0-91-generic
tech@vs777:~$ dpkg -l | egrep 'linux-[i|m|g|h]'
ii binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu 2.36.1-6ubuntu1 amd64 GNU binary utilities, for x86-64-linux-gnu target
ii linux-headers-5.11.0-41 5.11.0-41.45 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 5.11.0
ii linux-headers-5.11.0-41-generic 5.11.0-41.45 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-5.4.0-91 5.4.0-91.102 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 5.4.0
ii linux-headers-5.4.0-91-generic 5.4.0-91.102 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-headers-generic 5.11.0.41.42 amd64 Generic Linux kernel headers
rc linux-image-3.16.0-25-generic 3.16.0-25.33 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-16-generic 3.19.0-16.16 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-58-generic 3.19.0-58.64 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.15.0-141-generic 4.15.0-141.145 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.2.0-35-generic 4.2.0-35.40 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-104-generic 4.4.0-104.127 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-108-generic 4.4.0-108.131 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-134-generic 4.4.0-134.160 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-148-generic 4.4.0-148.174 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.4.0-159-generic 4.4.0-159.187 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.4.0-177-generic 4.4.0-177.207 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.4.0-208-generic 4.4.0-208.240 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-81-generic 4.4.0-81.104 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rH linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic 5.11.0-41.45 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-71-generic 5.4.0-71.79 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-72-generic 5.4.0-72.80 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-77-generic 5.4.0-77.86 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-80-generic 5.4.0-80.90 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-81-generic 5.4.0-81.91 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-5.4.0-86-generic 5.4.0-86.97 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rH linux-image-5.4.0-89-generic 5.4.0-89.100 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
ii linux-image-5.4.0-91-generic 5.4.0-91.102 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-25-generic 3.16.0-25.33 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-16-generic 3.19.0-16.16 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-58-generic 3.19.0-58.64 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-35-generic 4.2.0-35.40 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-104-generic 4.4.0-104.127 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-108-generic 4.4.0-108.131 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-134-generic 4.4.0-134.160 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-81-generic 4.4.0-81.104 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-4.15.0-141-generic 4.15.0-141.145 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-4.4.0-148-generic 4.4.0-148.174 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-4.4.0-159-generic 4.4.0-159.187 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-4.4.0-177-generic 4.4.0-177.207 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-4.4.0-208-generic 4.4.0-208.240 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-modules-5.11.0-41-generic 5.11.0-41.45 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.4.0-71-generic 5.4.0-71.79 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.4.0-72-generic 5.4.0-72.80 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.4.0-77-generic 5.4.0-77.86 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.4.0-80-generic 5.4.0-80.90 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.4.0-81-generic 5.4.0-81.91 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-5.4.0-86-generic 5.4.0-86.97 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-modules-5.4.0-89-generic 5.4.0-89.100 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-modules-5.4.0-91-generic 5.4.0-91.102 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-141-generic 4.15.0-141.145 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-148-generic 4.4.0-148.174 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-159-generic 4.4.0-159.187 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-177-generic 4.4.0-177.207 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-208-generic 4.4.0-208.240 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-5.11.0-41-generic 5.11.0-41.45 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-71-generic 5.4.0-71.79 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-72-generic 5.4.0-72.80 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-77-generic 5.4.0-77.86 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-80-generic 5.4.0-80.90 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-81-generic 5.4.0-81.91 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-86-generic 5.4.0-86.97 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-89-generic 5.4.0-89.100 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-91-generic 5.4.0-91.102 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 5.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
编辑2：
tech@vs777:~$ sudo dpkg -P linux-modules-5.11.0-41-generic
[sudo] password for tech:
(Reading database ... 121324 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-modules-5.11.0-41-generic (5.11.0-41.45) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-modules-5.11.0-41-generic (5.11.0-41.45) ...
tech@vs777:~$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
tech@vs777:~$ sudo apt -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
amd64-microcode intel-microcode iucode-tool
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic linux-image-5.4.0-89-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 26.7 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 120028 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic (5.11.0-41.45) ...
/etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-41-generic
编辑3：
tech@vs777:~$ dpkg -l | egrep -v '^ii|rc'
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
+++-======================================-====================================================================-============-===============================================================================
rH linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic 5.11.0-41.45 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rH linux-image-5.4.0-89-generic 5.4.0-89.100 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
编辑4：
tech@vs777:~$ df -h;df -i
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 795M 1.2M 794M 1% /run
/dev/vda1 138G 87G 45G 67% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 795M 0 795M 0% /run/user/1000
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
tmpfs 1017593 762 1016831 1% /run
/dev/vda1 9175040 526689 8648351 6% /
tmpfs 1017593 1 1017592 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1017593 3 1017590 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1024 18 1006 2% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 203518 19 203499 1% /run/user/1000
答案1
尝试：
cd /boot
echo Files now in /boot:
ls
for i in initrd.img*
do
mv -v $i $i.bak # Remove the images and back them up in case of trouble
done
sudo update-initramfs -cvk $(uname -r) | less # Attempt to recreate the initial ramdisk, press q to continue
echo These files are now present
ls
检查新创建的 initramfs 是否存在，然后重新启动。如果出现故障，请使用 grub 提示符（在启动选项选择菜单中按 C）来恢复并修复它（您可能想把它们记下来！）
set pager=1- 为诸如帮助之类的长命令输出启用分页器ls- 列出可用的磁盘设备。应返回诸如 (hdX,gptX) 或 (hdX,mbrX) 之类的列表，其中 X 是数字ls (device)/- 列出给定设备上的文件系统。set ROOT=(device)- 设置文件系统根目录linux /<path to kernel>- 加载内核（通常是/boot/vmlinuz）initrd /<path to initrd>- 加载 initramfs (通常是 /boot/initrd.img)。内核和 initrd 版本必须匹配。boot- 启动系统
如果你使用 RAID、LVM 或 LUKS，请事先了解需要加载哪些模块（insmod <module>）
重启后运行sudo apt purge initramfs-tools，它会删除额外的包，但不用担心，让它重新运行。然后sudo apt install initramfs-tool <whatever packages were removed without the asterisk>。现在应该没问题了。
答案2
好的，首先看看您是否有足够的空间和可用的 inode，如果您有自己的 /boot 分区，这非常重要。df -h;df -i
当我们尝试删除令人不安的内核包时。
sudo dpkg -P linux-image-5.11.0-41-generic linux-image-5.4.0-89-generic
您的系统需要稍微清理一下。
sudo dpkg -P $(dpkg -l | egrep '^rc' | awk '{print $2}')
含义；从已卸载的软件包中删除剩余的文件。
如果这不起作用，请在我们尝试其他方法之前备份您的数据。